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132-515: Alexander George Lynn (born 17 September 1993) is a British racing driver who is from Great Dunmow. He currently competes in the 2024 FIA World Endurance Championship driving the No. 2 Cadillac V-Series.R for Cadillac Racing . Lynn has also competed full-time in the 2019–20 FIA World Endurance Championship driving for Aston Martin Racing , has won the 2017 12 Hours of Sebring , and finished sixth in
264-541: A British Day to celebrate. One of the central issues identified at the Fabian Society conference was how the English identity fits within the framework of a devolved United Kingdom. An expression of Her Majesty's Government 's initiative to promote Britishness was the inaugural Veterans' Day which was first held on 27 June 2006. As well as celebrating the achievements of armed forces veterans, Brown's speech at
396-467: A Treaty of Union was agreed in 1706 and was then ratified by the parliaments of both countries with the passing of the Acts of Union 1707 . With effect from 1 May 1707, this created a new sovereign state called the " Kingdom of Great Britain ". This kingdom "began as a hostile merger", but led to a "full partnership in the most powerful going concern in the world"; historian Simon Schama stated that "it
528-608: A Welsh nationalist politician active in the late 20th century, rebuffed Britishness as "a political synonym for Englishness which extends English culture over the Scots, Welsh and the Irish". In 2004, Sir Bernard Crick , political theorist and democratic socialist tasked with developing the life in the United Kingdom test said: Britishness, to me, is an overarching political and legal concept: it signifies allegiance to
660-563: A "marked change in attitudes" in Great Britain towards Catholics and Catholicism. A "significant" example of this was the collaboration between Augustus Welby Pugin , an "ardent Roman Catholic" and son of a Frenchman, and Sir Charles Barry , "a confirmed Protestant", in redesigning the Palace of Westminster —"the building that most enshrines ... Britain's national and imperial pre-tensions". Protestantism gave way to imperialism as
792-525: A "particular sense of nationhood and belonging" in Great Britain; Britishness became "superimposed on much older identities", of English , Scots and Welsh cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity. Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions, British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial, but it is held with strong conviction by Unionists . Modern Britons are descended mainly from
924-660: A combination of disease, Spanish hostility, Scottish mismanagement and opposition to the scheme by the East India Company and the English government (who did not want to provoke the Spanish into war) this imperial venture ended in "catastrophic failure", with an estimated "25% of Scotland's total liquid capital" lost. The events of the Darien Scheme, and the passing by the English Parliament of
1056-481: A crash in race 2 of the 2021 Diriyah ePrix , in which he launched over the rear wing of Mitch Evans ' Jaguar, but wasn't seriously injured, and could race in all of the following races of the calendar. Lynn recorded his first podium in the 2021 Valencia ePrix , and then recorded another podium in the first race of the 2021 London ePrix , and won his first Formula E race at race 2 of his home ePrix in London. He finished
1188-432: A further 18 points ahead of third place driver Nico Müller. The season began at Istanbul Park on 7 May and concluded at Autodromo Nazionale Monza on 11 September after eight rounds made up of two races each and all in support of European Formula 1 Grands Prix. The title was claimed by Valtteri Bottas who was only 7 points ahead of his teammate James Calado in second, while Nigel Melker finished 17 points adrift in third. This
1320-530: A national 'tradition'". The First World War "reinforced the sense of Britishness" and patriotism in the early 20th century. Through war service (including conscription in Great Britain), "the English, Welsh, Scots and Irish fought as British". The aftermath of the war institutionalised British national commemoration through Remembrance Sunday and the Poppy Appeal . The Second World War had
1452-823: A numerical minority, these Britons "exercised a dominant influence" upon the culture and politics of those lands. In Australia, Canada and New Zealand , "people of British origin came to constitute the majority of the population", contributing to these states becoming integral to the Anglosphere . The United Kingdom Census 1861 estimated the size of the overseas British to be around 2.5 million, but concluded that most of these were "not conventional settlers" but rather "travellers, merchants, professionals, and military personnel". By 1890, there were over 1.5 million further UK-born people living in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa . A 2006 publication from
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#17328022366001584-484: A portion of the British Empire , provided they be made so in reality and not in name alone; they are ready to become a kind of West Briton if made so in benefits and justice; but if not, we are Irishmen again. Ireland, from 1801 to 1923 , was marked by a succession of economic and political mismanagement and neglect, which marginalised the Irish, and advanced Irish nationalism . In the forty years that followed
1716-642: A reserve driver. Meanwhile, James Calado , Rio Haryanto , Simon Trummer , Tom Dillmann and Nigel Melker all joined GP2 for the 2012 season . Other drivers who have graduated to other series are James Jakes who moved to the IndyCar Series for 2011 , Josef Newgarden to the Indy Lights series in 2011 and Alexander Rossi and Robert Wickens who moved to the Formula Renault 3.5 Series in 2011 and Lewis Williamson in 2012 . In
1848-530: A similar unifying effect upon the British people, however, its outcome was to recondition Britishness on a basis of democratic values and its marked contrast to Europeanism . Notions that the British "constituted an Island race, and that it stood for democracy were reinforced during the war and they were circulated in the country through Winston Churchill 's speeches, history books and newspapers". At its international zenith, "Britishness joined peoples around
1980-473: A thrilling four-car fight for the final podium spot with both Ferraris and the #5 Porsche Penske Motorsport car. Lynn moved up to third place in the pitstop cycle before handing the car over to Westbrook with just over an hour to go. Lynn scored his first overall podium at the 24 hours of Le Mans where the #2 Cadillac finished third – driving alongside WEC teammates Bamber and Westbrook. Lynn stated "I'm super happy taking Cadillac back to Le Mans and finishing on
2112-648: A voyage of exploration around the British Isles . Although none of his own writings remain, writers during the time of the Roman Empire made much reference to them. Pytheas called the islands collectively αἱ Βρεττανίαι ( hai Brettaniai ), which has been translated as the Brittanic Isles , and the peoples of what are today England , Wales , Scotland and the Isle of Man of Prettanike were called
2244-663: A win in the first round of the series at Teretonga Park . Lynn returned to New Zealand in January 2013 to contest the series again; this time with M2 Competition. 4 pole positions, 3 race wins, 9 podiums and 3 fastest laps gave him 2nd place overall and the highest placed international driver. On 20 October 2011 it was announced that Lynn would represent Fortec Motorsports in 2012 for the fourth consecutive year in British Formula 3 Championship . In addition he participated in selected Formula 3 Euro Series rounds. Lynn finished
2376-468: Is a straight fight for the fastest laptime, and determines the order of the grid for Saturday's Race 1. Race 2 is on Sunday. The grid is decided by the Saturday result with top 8 being reversed, so the driver who finished 8th on Saturday will start from pole position and the winner will start from 8th place. The distance of each race is decided prior to the event, however, should 30 minutes elapse before
2508-521: Is known as the Matter of Britain . The Matter of Britain, a national myth , was retold or reinterpreted in works by Gerald of Wales , a Cambro-Norman chronicler who, in the 12th and 13th centuries, used the term "British" to refer to the people later known as the Welsh. The indigenous people of the British Isles have a combination of Celtic , Anglo-Saxon , Norse and Norman ancestry. Between
2640-717: The Etymologicum Genuinum , a 9th-century lexical encyclopaedia, mention a mythical character Bretannus (the Latinised form of the Ancient Greek : Βρεττανός , Brettanós ) as the father of Celtine , mother of Celtus, the eponymous ancestor of the Celts . By 50 BC, Greek geographers were using equivalents of Prettanikē as a collective name for the British Isles . However, with the Roman conquest of Britain ,
2772-553: The 2011 main series , becoming champion in both series, with three and twelve wins respectively. He also appeared in the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 at Hungaroring and Silverstone . His best result was second place from pole at Silverstone. In the interval between 2010 Winter Cup and 2011 Formula Renault UK series he contested in Toyota Racing Series with Giles Motorsport, finishing ninth with
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#17328022366002904-716: The 2015 season at the Bahrain International Circuit in Bahrain and the Yas Marina Circuit in United Arab Emirates . Many drivers had since stepped up to GP2 since the series began, with the 2010 champion Esteban Gutiérrez , Pål Varhaug and ninth-place finisher Stefano Coletti being the first to do so for the 2011 season. 2011 champion Valtteri Bottas did not follow suit, however, and instead joined Williams as
3036-573: The 2016 season , scoring two victories in the sprint races at Barcelona and Hockenheim. After finishing the year sixth in the standings again, he left at the end of the season. Following his win of the GP3 title, it was announced Lynn would partake in the post-season testing, driving for Lotus F1 . On 28 January 2015, Lynn was confirmed as the new development driver for the Williams F1 team, thereby severing his ties with Red Bull. In August 2016, Lynn
3168-566: The Act of Settlement 1701 asserting the right to choose the order of succession for English, Scottish and Irish thrones, escalated political hostilities between England and Scotland and neutralised calls for a united British people. The Parliament of Scotland responded by passing the Act of Security 1704 , allowing it to appoint a different monarch to succeed to the Scottish crown from that of England if it so wished. The English political perspective
3300-537: The Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy. In response, the Scottish kingdom, in opposition to William II of Scotland (III of England) , commenced the Darien Scheme , an attempt to establish a Scottish imperial outlet—the colony of New Caledonia—on the isthmus of Panama . However, through
3432-549: The Age of Discovery , the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe , and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an "extraordinary dispersion of the British people", resulting in particular concentrations "in Australasia and North America ". The British Empire was "built on waves of migration overseas by British people", who left
3564-578: The Chartered Institute of Housing , Amnesty International , University of Oxford 's social geographer Danny Dorling , and other public figures. The earliest migrations of Britons date from the 5th and 6th centuries AD, when Brittonic Celts fleeing the Anglo-Saxon invasions migrated what is today northern France and north western Spain and forged the colonies of Brittany and Britonia . Brittany remained independent of France until
3696-665: The Commonwealth of Nations during the mid-20th century. Since the British Nationality Act 1948 and the subsequent mass immigration to the United Kingdom from the Commonwealth and elsewhere in the world, "the expression and experience of cultural life in Britain has become fragmented and reshaped by the influences of gender, ethnicity, class and region". Furthermore, the United Kingdom's membership of
3828-495: The European Economic Community in 1973 eroded the concept of Britishness as distinct from continental Europe . As such, since the 1970s "there has been a sense of crisis about what it has meant to be British", exacerbated by growing demands for greater political autonomy for Northern Ireland , Scotland , and Wales . The late 20th century saw major changes to the politics of the United Kingdom with
3960-704: The GP3/10 . The season began on 11 May at Catalunya, Barcelona, and finished at the Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi on 3 November. It followed most of the European leg of the 2013 Formula One season again other than Monaco, and for the first time it hosted a non-European race at the last round in Abu Dhabi. It also saw the début of the series second-generation chassis, the Dallara GP3/13 . The title
4092-546: The IMSA GTP category as the new class, and new LMDh cars, debuted at the 2023 Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona , alongside his to-be WEC teammates in the #02 Cadillac V-Series.R entered by Chip Ganassi Racing . Lynn qualified the car 5th at the Roar Before The 24, with the team going on to finish 4th in the race. Lynn completed over 8h 50m of driver time, the third most of any driver. March saw Lynn's first appearance in
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4224-652: The Immigration Act 1971 . Having faced removal, or been deported, many British people of African Caribbean heritage suffered with loss of home, livelihood, and health. As a result of the political scandal, many institutions and elected politicians publicly affirmed that these individuals, while not legally holding British citizenship or nationality, were, in fact, British people. These included British Prime Minister Theresa May , London Mayor Sadiq Khan , Her Majesty's CPS Inspectorate Wendy Williams and her House of Commons -ordered Windrush Lessons Learned Review ,
4356-488: The Institute for Public Policy Research estimated 5.6 million Britons lived outside of the United Kingdom. Outside of the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories , up to 76% of Australians , 70% of New Zealanders , 48% of Canadians , 33% of Americans , 4% of Chileans and 3% of South Africans have ancestry from the British Isles . Hong Kong has the highest proportion of British nationals outside of
4488-580: The Iron Age , whose descendants formed the major part of the modern Welsh people , Cornish people , Bretons and considerable proportions of English people . It also refers to citizens of the former British Empire , who settled in the country prior to 1973, and hold neither UK citizenship nor nationality. Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages , the Union of
4620-640: The Napoleonic Wars with the First French Empire advanced, "the English and Scottish learned to define themselves as similar primarily by virtue of not being French or Catholic". In combination with sea power and empire, the notion of Britishness became more "closely bound up with Protestantism", a cultural commonality through which the English, Scots and Welsh became "fused together, and remain[ed] so, despite their many cultural divergences". The neo-classical monuments that proliferated at
4752-508: The Windrush scandal illustrated complex developments in British peoplehood, when it was revealed hundreds of Britons had been wrongfully deported. With roots in the break-up of the empire, and post-war rebuilding; the Windrush generation had arrived as CUKC citizens in the 1950s and 1960s. Born in former British colonies , they settled in the UK before 1973, and were granted "right of abode" by
4884-551: The federation of Australia was achieved on 1 January 1901. Its history of British dominance meant that Australia was "grounded in British culture and political traditions that had been transported to the Australian colonies in the nineteenth century and become part of colonial culture and politics". Australia maintains the Westminster system of parliamentary government and Charles III as King of Australia . Until 1987,
5016-532: The import of Scottish products into England and its colonies (about half of Scotland's trade). However, the Act contained a provision that it would be suspended if the Parliament of Scotland entered into negotiations regarding the creation of a unified Parliament of Great Britain , which in turn would refund Scottish financial losses on the Darien Scheme. Despite opposition from within both Scotland and England,
5148-646: The style "King of Great Britain", though this title was rejected by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland and thus had no basis in either English law or Scots law . Despite centuries of military and religious conflict, the Kingdoms of England and Scotland had been "drawing increasingly together" since the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and the Union of
5280-582: The Πρεττανοί ( Prettanoi ), Priteni , Pritani or Pretani . The group included Ireland , which was referred to as Ierne ( Insula sacra "sacred island" as the Greeks interpreted it) "inhabited by the different race of Hiberni " ( gens hibernorum ), and Britain as insula Albionum , "island of the Albions". The term Pritani may have reached Pytheas from the Gauls , who possibly used it as their term for
5412-412: The #2 unable to match the pace of the #8 Toyota and #51 Ferrari but capable of establishing a gap to the closest competition. By the morning the #2 was locked-in to third place, ahead of the recovering sister #3 Cadillac, and looked poised for a surprise result should the battling #8 and #51 hit trouble. Lynn finished his final stint in the car with two and a half hours to go having completed 126 laps across
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5544-455: The 2012 British Formula 3 season in 4th place, with a race win at Silverstone and 5 podium places as well as 2 podiums in the Formula 3 Euro Series. In November 2012 Lynn travelled to Macau to compete in the 59th SJM Macau Grand Prix. Lynn earned pole position for the qualification race, the first rookie to do so since 2006. In the race itself Lynn finished on the podium in third position and
5676-606: The 2015 and 2016 GP2 Series . Lynn is from Great Dunmow , Essex and as of 2020, lives in Parsons Green , London . He is a former pupil of Saint Nicholas School , Old Harlow, Essex. Lynn began his racing career in karting at the age of eleven with Andy Cox Racing. In 2008 after four years in Mini Max and JICA classes he switched to Ricky Flynn Motorsport for competing in KF2 category, finishing British KF2 championship on
5808-712: The 8th and 11th centuries, "three major cultural divisions" emerged in Great Britain: the English , the Scots and the Welsh . The earlier Brittonic Celtic polities in what are today England and Scotland were absorbed into Anglo-Saxon England and Gaelic Scotland by the early 11th century. The English had been unified under a single nation state in 937 by King Athelstan of Wessex after the Battle of Brunanburh . Before then,
5940-698: The Anglo-Saxon invasions. However, the term "Britannia" persisted as the Latin name for the island. The Historia Brittonum claimed legendary origins as a prestigious genealogy for Brittonic kings , followed by the Historia Regum Britanniae , which popularised this pseudo-history to support the claims of the Kings of England . During the Middle Ages , and particularly in the Tudor period ,
6072-426: The Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity. The notion of Britishness and a shared British identity was forged during the 18th century and early 19th century when Britain engaged in several global conflicts with France, and developed further during the Victorian era . The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created
6204-415: The Crowns in 1603. A broadly shared language, island, monarch, religion and Bible (the Authorized King James Version ) further contributed to a growing cultural alliance between the two sovereign realms and their peoples. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 resulted in a pair of Acts of the English and Scottish legislatures—the Bill of Rights 1689 and Claim of Right Act 1689 respectively—that ensured that
6336-403: The English (known then in Old English as the Anglecynn ) were under the governance of independent Anglo-Saxon petty kingdoms , which gradually coalesced into a Heptarchy of seven powerful states, the most powerful of which were Mercia and Wessex . Scottish historian and archaeologist Neil Oliver said that the Battle of Brunanburh would "define the shape of Britain into the modern era"; it
6468-457: The European leg of the 2014 Formula One season other than Monte Carlo, Monaco and the only non-European race at the last round in Abu Dhabi. The title was clinched by Alex Lynn at the final round with 207 points, beating Dean Stoneman by 44 points on 163 while Marvin Kirchhöfer finished off the top three with 161 points. For the first time, the teams title was won by Carlin , becoming the first and only team other than ART Grand Prix to take
6600-409: The Formula One series and the GP2 (now Formula 2) series as a support race for the two. Like the GP2 series, GP3 gave drivers the experience of the Grand Prix environment, and took advantage of the infrastructure, such as marshals and medical facilities, in place for the Formula One events. GP3 Series mainly raced on European circuits, but had appearances on other international race tracks, with rounds in
6732-415: The French flag is GP2 Series 2009 Champions ART Grand Prix and Tech 1 Racing . MW Arden in association with ex-Formula One driver Mark Webber race under an Australian license. Spaniard Addax Team , German RSC Mücke Motorsport in association with Ralf Schumacher , Irish-Canadian Status Grand Prix , and Swiss team Jenzer Motorsport complete the lineup. Notes: Notes: Notes: The 2010 GP3 Series
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#17328022366006864-429: The GP3 Series title in 2014, Lynn was rewarded with a day of testing with GP2 team ART Grand Prix . He followed this up with a day of testing with Carlin . In early January, Lynn, along with fellow Red Bull Junior Pierre Gasly , signed with DAMS in order to win the GP2 Series crown in 2015. He finished sixth in the championship, having scored two wins at Barcelona and the Hungaroring . Lynn remained with DAMS for
6996-508: The Great 's victory against the Vikings performed to Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1740 to commemorate the accession of George I and the birthday of Princess Augusta . " Rule, Britannia! " was the climactic piece of the opera and quickly became a " jingoistic " British patriotic song celebrating "Britain's supremacy offshore". An island country with a series of victories for the Royal Navy associated empire and naval warfare "inextricably with ideals of Britishness and Britain's place in
7128-413: The Latin term Britannia was used for the island of Great Britain, and later Roman-occupied Britain south of Caledonia (modern day Scotland north of the rivers Forth and Clyde), although the people of Caledonia and the north were also the selfsame Britons during the Roman period, the Gaels not arriving until four centuries later. Following the end of Roman rule in Britain , the island of Great Britain
7260-1467: The Qatar 1812KM, 24 Hours of Le Mans and 8 Hours of Bahrain, but will contest the six hour races on their own. As Lynn was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points. ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † – As Lynn was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points. ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Lynn did not fulfil his mandated minimum drive time, meaning that he did not receive points for that event. ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap) 2010 E. Gutiérrez 2011 V. Bottas 2012 M. Evans 2013 D. Kvyat 2014 A. Lynn 2015 E. Ocon 2016 C. Leclerc 2017 G. Russell 2018 A. Hubert 2019 R. Shwartzman 2020 O. Piastri 2021 D. Hauger 2022 V. Martins 2023 G. Bortoleto 2024 L. Fornaroli British people Modern ethnicities British people or Britons , also known colloquially as Brits , are
7392-438: The Scots and the English respectively, with the former gaining some preference in Scotland, particularly by the economists and philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment . Indeed, it was the "Scots [who] played key roles in shaping the contours of British identity"; "their scepticism about the Union allowed the Scots the space and time in which to dominate the construction of Britishness in its early crucial years", drawing upon
7524-471: The Second World War, people from the United Kingdom made up a large majority of people coming to Australia, meaning that many people born in Australia can trace their origins to Britain. The colony of New South Wales , founded on 26 January 1788, was part of the eastern half of Australia claimed by the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1770, and initially settled by Britons through penal transportation . Together with another five largely self-governing Crown Colonies,
7656-422: The Star River Windsor Arch 60th Macau Grand Prix with Theodore Racing by Prema, a collaboration between SJM Holdings, Teddy Yip Jr's Theodore Racing and Prema Powerteam. Theodore Racing had last appeared at the Grand Prix in 1992 and was celebrating 30 years since they had won the event with Ayrton Senna at the wheel. Lynn won the qualification race to give him pole position for the main race and went on to dominate
7788-421: The UK, the British diaspora totals around 200 million with higher concentrations in the United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, with smaller concentrations in the Republic of Ireland, Chile, South Africa, and parts of the Caribbean. The earliest known reference to the inhabitants of Great Britain may have come from 4th century BC records of the voyage of Pytheas , a Greek geographer who made
7920-410: The Union, successive British governments grappled with the problems of governing a country which had as Benjamin Disraeli , a staunch anti-Irish and anti-Catholic member of the Conservative party with a virulent racial and religious prejudice towards Ireland put it in 1844, "a starving population, an absentee aristocracy, and an alien Church, and in addition the weakest executive in the world". Although
8052-548: The United Kingdom by people from what is now the Republic of Ireland , the Commonwealth , mainland Europe and elsewhere; they and their descendants are mostly British citizens, with some assuming a British, dual or hyphenated identity. This includes the groups Black British and Asian British people , which together constitute around 10% of the British population. The British are a diverse, multinational , multicultural and multilingual people, with "strong regional accents, expressions and identities". The social structure of
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#17328022366008184-440: The United Kingdom has changed radically since the 19th century, with a decline in religious observance, enlargement of the middle class , and increased ethnic diversity , particularly since the 1950s, when citizens of the British Empire were encouraged to immigrate to Britain to work as part of the recovery from World War II. The population of the UK stands at around 67 million, with 50 million being ethnic British. Outside of
8316-599: The United Kingdom and "reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents". As a result of the British colonisation of the Americas , what became the United States was "easily the greatest single destination of emigrant British", but in Australia the British experienced a birth rate higher than "anything seen before", resulting in the displacement of indigenous Australians . In colonies such as Southern Rhodesia , British East Africa and Cape Colony , permanently resident British communities were established and, whilst never more than
8448-428: The United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories, with 47% of Hong Kong residents holding a British National (Overseas) status or a British citizenship. The next highest concentrations of British citizens outside of the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories are located in Barbados (10%), the Republic of Ireland (7%), Australia (6%) and New Zealand (5%). From the beginning of Australia's colonial period until after
8580-499: The WEC's Hypercar class at the 1000 Miles of Sebring . The British driver was once again on qualifying duties for the #2 Cadillac, claiming 5th on the grid as the fastest of the new LMDh runners – only behind the factory Toyota and Ferrari entries. The race saw a similar result, with Lynn and the #2 crew locked in a race-long fight with the #6 Porsche Penske Motorsport Porsche 963, eventually the Cadillac team finished fourth overall, narrowly missing out on an overall podium by 10 seconds to
8712-427: The car faded later in the race after a series of minor issues for all three drivers. At the penultimate round of the WEC season, the 6 Hours of Fuji, Lynn once again took on qualifying duties. In a damp session, Lynn qualified fifth on slick tyres, ahead of both factory Ferrari Hypercars. The #2 ran consistently in the top ten before a loose wheel for Bamber forced the team to spend time in the garage, dropping them down
8844-425: The census Bureau has stated that most of these are of Anglo-Celtic colonial stock. All six states of Australia retain the Union Jack in the canton of their respective flags. GP3 Series The GP3 Series , or GP3 for short, was a single-seater motor racing series launched in 2010 as a feeder series for the GP2 Series , introduced by GP2 organiser Bruno Michel . GP3 followed the entire European leg of
8976-406: The championship, but ultimately a move on the penultimate lap gave Mitch Evans the title with 151.5 points, only beating Daniel Abt by just two points on 149.5 while António Félix da Costa finished off the top three with 132 points. The teams title was also won during the last round by Lotus GP , their third title in as many seasons. The season was also the last for the first-generation chassis,
9108-410: The citizens of the United Kingdom , the British Overseas Territories , and the Crown dependencies . British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, "British" or "Britons" can refer to the Ancient Britons , the Celtic -speaking inhabitants of Great Britain during
9240-421: The competing teams. For the 2010–2012 seasons, the GP3 series used the GP3/10 chassis. For the 2013–2015 seasons, the GP3 series used the GP3/13 chassis. The series used another new chassis for the 2016 season, and continued to be used until 2018. A race weekend features one 45-minute practice session on Friday, and one 30-minute qualifying session on Saturday, followed by two races. The qualifying session
9372-402: The counsel of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset , advocated a union with the Kingdom of Scotland , joining England, Wales and Scotland in a united Protestant Great Britain. The Duke of Somerset supported the unification of the English, Welsh and Scots under the "indifferent old name of Britons" on the basis that their monarchies "both derived from a Pre-Roman British monarchy". Following
9504-540: The death of Elizabeth I of England in 1603, the throne of England was inherited by James VI, King of Scots, so that the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were united in a personal union under James VI of Scotland and I of England , an event referred to as the Union of the Crowns . King James advocated full political union between England and Scotland, and on 20 October 1604 proclaimed his assumption of
9636-440: The designated number of laps are completed the lead driver will be shown the chequered flag. With this points system, the most points anyone can score in one round is 20 by claiming pole position, winning both races with the fastest lap in each race. No driver ever did manage to get maximum points with this system. The closest drivers who have done so are Esteban Gutiérrez at the 2010 British round, who managed pole position for
9768-464: The dominant component of the British Isles in terms of size, population and power"; Magna Carta , common law and hostility to continental Europe were English factors that influenced British sensibilities. The political union in 1800 of the predominantly Catholic Kingdom of Ireland with Great Britain, coupled with the outbreak of peace with France in the early 19th century, challenged
9900-422: The early 16th century and still retains a distinct Brittonic culture and language, whilst Britonia in modern Galicia was absorbed into Spanish states by the end of the 9th century AD. Britons – people with British citizenship or of British descent – have a significant presence in a number of countries other than the United Kingdom, and in particular in those with historic connections to the British Empire . After
10032-532: The end of the 18th century and the start of the 19th century, such as The Kymin at Monmouth , were attempts to meld the concepts of Britishness with the Greco-Roman empires of classical antiquity . The new and expanding British Empire provided "unprecedented opportunities for upward mobility and the accumulations of wealth", and so the "Scottish, Welsh and Irish populations were prepared to suppress nationalist issues on pragmatic grounds". The British Empire
10164-521: The establishment of devolved national administrations for Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales following pre-legislative referendums . Calls for greater autonomy for the four countries of the United Kingdom had existed since their original union with each other, but gathered pace in the 1960s and 1970s. Devolution has led to "increasingly assertive Scottish, Welsh and Irish national identities", resulting in more diverse cultural expressions of Britishness, or else its outright rejection: Gwynfor Evans ,
10296-521: The fastest lap in each race. So far throughout the new points system, no driver has achieved the maximum number of points in a single round. In the Hungarian round of 2012, António Félix da Costa became first driver to win both races of the weekend. GP3 Series has ten European teams and thirty drivers representing the Series. Manor Racing, Atech CRS GP and Carlin represent Great Britain, whilst flying
10428-429: The feature race, won the feature race and got the fastest lap, and then came third in the sprint race, which equals a total of 17 points. Valtteri Bottas at the 2011 Hungarian round achieved pole position and won the feature race, and then came second in the sprint race, also totaling 17 points. With this points system, the most points anyone can score in one round is 48 by claiming pole position, winning both races with
10560-519: The field across the six hour race. At the final race before Le Mans, the 6 Hours of Spa , the #2 Cadillac scored a third top five finish in Hypercar, surviving typically tricky conditions at the Belgian circuit. Bamber qualified the car in fourth, but spent the first part of the race fighting up the order after starting on wet tyres. Lynn took the wheel over two hours into the race, and be involved in
10692-416: The first event for the celebration said: Scots and people from the rest of the UK share the purpose that Britain has something to say to the rest of the world about the values of freedom, democracy and the dignity of the people that you stand up for. So at a time when people can talk about football and devolution and money, it is important that we also remember the values that we share in common. In 2018,
10824-540: The highest placed rookie driver overall. On 15 November 2012 it was announced that Lynn would be moving to Prema Powerteam and racing in the FIA European F3 Championship for the 2013 season. Lynn achieved 3rd overall in the championship and highest placed rookie driver, with 3 race wins, 14 podiums and 5 pole positions; including triple pole position at his home round at Brands Hatch. In November 2013 Lynn returned to Macau to compete once again in
10956-599: The inhabitants of the islands. Greek and Roman writers, in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, name the inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland as the Priteni , the origin of the Latin word Britanni . It has been suggested that this name derives from a Gaulish description translated as "people of the forms", referring to the custom of tattooing or painting their bodies with blue woad made from Isatis tinctoria . Parthenius , an Ancient Greek grammarian, and
11088-498: The laws, government and broad moral and political concepts—like tolerance and freedom of expression—that hold the United Kingdom together. Gordon Brown initiated a debate on British identity in 2006. Brown's speech to the Fabian Society 's Britishness Conference proposed that British values demand a new constitutional settlement and symbols to represent a modern patriotism, including a new youth community service scheme and
11220-494: The leading element of British national identity during the Victorian and Edwardian eras , and as such, a series of royal, imperial and national celebrations were introduced to the British people to assert imperial British culture and give themselves a sense of uniqueness, superiority and national consciousness. Empire Day and jubilees of Queen Victoria were introduced to the British middle class , but quickly "merged into
11352-488: The lineal descendants of the ancient Britons – a word that was still used to refer exclusively to the Welsh". For the English, however, by the Victorian era their enthusiastic adoption of Britishness had meant that, for them, Britishness "meant the same as 'Englishness'", so much so that "Englishness and Britishness" and "'England' and 'Britain' were used interchangeably in a variety of contexts". England has "always been
11484-567: The lives of legendary kings of the Britons in a narrative spanning 2000 years, beginning with the Trojans founding the ancient British nation and continuing until the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 7th century forced the Britons to the west, i.e. Wales and Cornwall , and north, i.e. Cumbria , Strathclyde and northern Scotland. This legendary Celtic history of Great Britain
11616-708: The main race from start to finish; becoming the first Briton to win the Grand Prix since 2007. Lynn competed in the GP3 Series in 2014 for Carlin Motorsport as a member of the Red Bull Junior Team programme. He won on his debut at the Circuit de Catalunya supporting the 2014 Spanish Grand Prix , starting from pole and setting the fastest race lap to take the maximum points from the race. In
11748-570: The national status of Australian citizens was formally described as "British Subject: Citizen of Australia". Britons continue to make up a substantial proportion of immigrants. By 1947, Australia was fundamentally British in origin with 7,524,129 or 99.3% of the population declaring themselves as European. In the 2016 census , a large proportion of Australians self-identified with British ancestral origins, including 36.1% or 7,852,224 as English and 9.3% (2,023,474) as Scottish alone. A substantial proportion —33.5%— chose to identify as 'Australian',
11880-484: The north, the demonym "Briton" became restricted to the Brittonic-speaking inhabitants of what would later be called Wales , Cornwall , North West England ( Cumbria ), and a southern part of Scotland ( Strathclyde ). In addition, the term was also applied to Brittany in what is today France and Britonia in north west Spain , both regions having been colonised in the 5th century by Britons fleeing
12012-539: The notion of a shared "spirit of liberty common to both Saxon and Celt ... against the usurpation of the Church of Rome". James Thomson was a poet and playwright born to a Church of Scotland minister in the Scottish Lowlands in 1700 who was interested in forging a common British culture and national identity in this way. In collaboration with Thomas Arne , they wrote Alfred , an opera about Alfred
12144-479: The order. Eventually the car finished tenth, scoring the final point. Coming into the final round of the season, the 8 Hours of Bahrain, the Lynn, Bamber and Westbrook were fifth in the points standings with a 16-point advantage over the #6 Porsche Penske Motorsport driver trio. Lynn once again taok on qualifying duties, and arguably had his best session of the season, qualifying third behind the two Toyotas – Lynn's time
12276-413: The podium." To pay homage to Derek Bell , one of the most successful British sportscar drivers in history, Lynn wore a tribute helmet at Le Mans; carrying Bell's white, red and blue design. Teammate Bamber took the car through to Hyperpole, qualifying sixth and the highest of the three Cadillacs entered in the Hypercar class. The #2 avoided drama in the opening two hours in mixed conditions, even leading
12408-702: The previous century's concept of militant Protestant Britishness. The new, expanded United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland meant that the state had to re-evaluate its position on the civil rights of Catholics, and extend its definition of Britishness to the Irish people . Like the terms that had been invented at the time of the Acts of Union 1707, " West Briton " was introduced for the Irish after 1800. In 1832 Daniel O'Connell , an Irish politician who campaigned for Catholic Emancipation , stated in Britain's House of Commons : The people of Ireland are ready to become
12540-401: The race overall, before Lynn took over and heavy, random rain showers scrambled the field. However, Lynn kept the car on track, and consistently on-pace with the front of the pack, keeping the car inside the top five into the night. Westbrook's stint saw some of the worst weather, but the British driver escaped unscathed from a spin at Mulsanne. Throughout the night the trio exchanged stints, with
12672-460: The race running without a safety car intervention, eventually finishing in eleventh. Lynn finished the year fifth in the points standings with 72 points, and with the #2 Cadillac the highest scoring LMDh in the hotly contested Hypercar field. Lynn was confirmed as part of Cadillac's sole WEC entry, the British driver returning to race the #2 car in the full 2024 season alongside 2023 teammate Bamber. The duo will be joined by one-off driver entries at
12804-471: The race. The #2 crossed the line a lap down on the winning #51 Ferrari, but with Cadillac's first overall podium at Le Mans secured. A month later, the #2 finished tenth at the 6 Hours of Monza. Lynn qualified the car in fifth, the highest of the LMDh cars in Hypercar, only 0.362s behind pole, and ran in the podium positions early on after an alternative pit strategy vaulted the #2 into the leading group. However,
12936-559: The recovering #50 Ferrari AF Corse 499P. The second round of the season, the 6 Hours of Portimao , saw the Cadillac team score a second consecutive top five finish despite struggling to have the overall pace of the other manufacturers. Qualifying in 8th on the grid in the hands of Westbrook, the #2 eventually finished 4th despite having to make an off-sequence pitstop early in the race. The drivers were notably better on tyres than their competitors, allowing them to gradually make their way up
13068-481: The rise of the British Empire led to a very specific drive in artistic technique, taste and sensibility for Britishness. In 1887, Frederic Harrison wrote: Morally, we Britons plant the British flag on every peak and pass; and wherever the Union Jack floats there we place the cardinal British institutions—tea, tubs, sanitary appliances, lawn tennis, and churches. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 reflected
13200-645: The season in the top 3 with ART Grand Prix . All drivers at the end of the season joined the 2018 FIA Formula 2 Championship . The second race at Italy was cancelled after heavy rain during the 2017 Italian Grand Prix . This season saw the series introduce the Drag Reduction System (DRS) used in Formula One and Formula 2 . The final season of the series started on 12 May in Barcelona , and finished on 26 November at Yas Marina . The season
13332-523: The season with 3 podiums, 78 points, and 12th in the standings, just 21 points off the champion Nyck de Vries . Lynn was replaced by Oliver Rowland for the 2021–22 Formula E season , and left Formula E after being unable to secure a seat. Lynn progressed to the Le Mans Hypercar category for the 2023 WEC season , driving a Cadillac V-Series.R alongside Earl Bamber and Richard Westbrook . In January 2023, Lynn made his first appearance in
13464-527: The series' short history, thirteen drivers have gone on to compete in Formula One. These include former champions Gutiérrez, Daniil Kvyat , Bottas, Esteban Ocon , Jean-Éric Vergne , Carlos Sainz Jr. , and Charles Leclerc . In 2019 the series merged with the FIA Formula 3 European Championship and became the FIA Formula 3 Championship . The GP3 Series car was a standardised car used by all of
13596-443: The shared constitutional monarchy of England and Scotland was held only by Protestants. Despite this, although popular with the monarchy and much of the aristocracy, attempts to unite the two states by Acts of Parliament were unsuccessful in 1606, 1667 and 1689; increased political management of Scottish affairs from England had led to "criticism" and had strained Anglo-Scottish relations. While English maritime explorations during
13728-689: The sixth place in the series standings. In 2009 Lynn made his début in single-seaters taking part in the Formula Renault UK Winter Cup for Fortec Motorsport , finishing tenth in the standings. He finished the main Formula Renault UK Series in the same position, winning the Graduate Cup by scoring his first podium at the final race of the season at Brands Hatch . Lynn continued his collaboration with Fortec for 2010 Formula Renault UK Winter Cup and
13860-517: The sprint race he finished 18th, but still led the championship after its first round. Lynn won again at the Red Bull Ring in Austria , setting pole position before securing a comfortable win over his teammate, Emil Bernstorff . But again he was out of luck in the reverse grid race two, finishing 20th after picking up a lap-one puncture. The Briton was disappointed to miss out on a home win in
13992-438: The standings. Following his departure from Virgin, it was announced on 28 March 2019 that Lynn would replace Nelson Piquet Jr. at Jaguar from the seventh round of the 2018–19 season onwards. He scored points twice from the seven races, finishing with 10 points, and 18th in the standings. Lynn left Jaguar, and became the test and reserve driver for Mahindra Racing for the 2018–19 season . Following Pascal Wehrlein leaving
14124-441: The summer break. In Belgium, he managed to score 4 championship points to take 8th place and the reverse grid pole for the following sprint race. He dominated the race, leading from start to finish. A similar situation happened in the next round at Monza, Italy where Lynn finished in 6th place for the feature race and managed to get 2nd in the sprint race due. Lynn clinched the title in the season-ending round in Abu Dhabi. Having won
14256-499: The team mid-season, Lynn once again drove the second half of the season, just like one year prior with Jaguar. He would perform better, finishing in the points three times, earning 16 points total, enough for 17th in the final standings. Lynn was announced to partner Alexander Sims as the official driver line up of the Mahindra Racing Formula E team for the 2020–21 Formula E season . Lynn was taken to hospital after
14388-422: The teams title. The season began on 9 May at Catalunya, Barcelona, and finished at the Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi on 29 November. It was contested over 18 races at nine rounds. There were nine teams with three cars each. Esteban Ocon won the title by 8 points despite winning only one race compared to second placed Luca Ghiotto winning five races. Ocon did however finish on the podium 14 times. The teams title
14520-466: The term "British" was used to refer to the Welsh people and Cornish people . At that time, it was "the long held belief that these were the remaining descendants of the Britons and that they spoke ' the British tongue ' ". This notion was supported by texts such as the Historia Regum Britanniae , a pseudohistorical account of ancient British history, written in the mid-12th century by Geoffrey of Monmouth . The Historia Regum Britanniae chronicled
14652-568: The third round at Silverstone in the UK , but second in race one and a fighting sixth in race two helped him to maintain his championship lead. In round four at Hockenheim in Germany , Lynn consolidated that lead by finishing second and third in the two races. He then recorded two fourth-placed finishes at the Hungaroring to extend his title advantage to 31 points over Richie Stanaway heading into
14784-461: The top three with 157 points. The teams title was won by ART Grand Prix at Monza, their sixth title. This season was the first with the series' third-generation chassis, the GP3/16 . The season began on 13 May at Catalunya, Barcelona and finished at the Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi on 26 November. It was contested at 18 races at nine rounds. George Russell , Jack Aitken and Nirei Fukuzumi ended
14916-530: The varied ethnic groups that settled in Great Britain in and before the 11th century: Prehistoric , Brittonic, Roman , Anglo-Saxon , Norse , and Normans . The progressive political unification of the British Isles facilitated migration, cultural and linguistic exchange, and intermarriage between the peoples of England, Scotland and Wales during the late Middle Ages, early modern period and beyond. Since 1922 and earlier, there has been immigration to
15048-576: The vast majority of Unionists in Ireland proclaimed themselves "simultaneously Irish and British", even for them there was a strain upon the adoption of Britishness after the Great Famine . War continued to be a unifying factor for the people of Great Britain: British jingoism re-emerged during the Boer Wars in southern Africa . The experience of military, political and economic power from
15180-529: The war against the French, and of several spectacular victories, the spear was replaced by a trident... The navy had come to be seen...as the very bulwark of British liberty and the essence of what it was to be British. From the Union of 1707 through to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Great Britain was "involved in successive, very dangerous wars with Catholic France", but which "all brought enough military and naval victories ... to flatter British pride". As
15312-475: The world in shared traditions and common loyalties that were strenuously maintained". But following the two world wars, the British Empire experienced rapid decolonisation . The secession of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom meant that Britishness had lost "its Irish dimension" in 1922, and the shrinking empire supplanted by independence movements dwindled the appeal of British identity in
15444-465: The world". Britannia , the new national personification of Great Britain, was established in the 1750s as a representation of "nation and empire rather than any single national hero". On Britannia and British identity, historian Peter Borsay wrote: Up until 1797 Britannia was conventionally depicted holding a spear, but as a consequence of the increasingly prominent role of the Royal Navy in
15576-429: Was "crucial to the idea of a British identity and to the self-image of Britishness". Indeed, the Scottish welcomed Britishness during the 19th century "for it offered a context within which they could hold on to their own identity whilst participating in, and benefiting from, the expansion of the [British] Empire". Similarly, the "new emphasis of Britishness was broadly welcomed by the Welsh who considered themselves to be
15708-474: Was "responsible for provoking the peoples of Britain into an awareness of their nationhood" in the 13th century. Schama hypothesised that Scottish national identity , "a complex amalgam" of Gaelic , Brittonic , Pictish , Norsemen and Anglo-Norman origins, was not finally forged until the Wars of Scottish Independence against the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Though Wales
15840-404: Was a "showdown for two very different ethnic identities – a Norse Celtic alliance versus Anglo Saxon. It aimed to settle once and for all whether Britain would be controlled by a single imperial power or remain several separate independent kingdoms, a split in perceptions which is still very much with us today". However, historian Simon Schama suggested that it was Edward I of England who solely
15972-509: Was again contested of 9 rounds and 18 races. The final driver's title went to Frenchman Anthoine Hubert who drove for ART , take 2 victories, 11 podiums, 2 pole positions, and 4 fastest laps, with 214 points. ART Grand Prix won the final constructor's title, winning all but one constructor's titles in the series. It was also the last season with the GP3/16 chassis . With 198 points scored, Nikita Mazepin became runner-up with 4 victories, 8 podiums, 1 pole position and most 5 fastest laps. After
16104-407: Was clinched by Daniil Kvyat at the final round with 168 points, beating Facu Regalia by 30 points on 138 while Conor Daly finished off the top three with 126 points. The teams title was won by ART Grand Prix , their fourth title in as many seasons. The season began on 10 May at Catalunya, Barcelona, and finished at the Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi on 23 November. It once again followed most of
16236-627: Was confirmed as one of four drivers partaking in Jaguar 's pre-season test at Donington Park . Lynn landed the role of reserve driver for DS Virgin Racing in January 2017, and made his racing debut in July at the New York ePrix , in place of José María López due to the latter's WEC commitments. He qualified on pole in his first race, but retired from both the New York races. On 5 September 2017, it
16368-422: Was confirmed that Lynn signed a multi-year deal to race full-time in Formula E for DS Virgin Racing starting in the 2017–18 Formula E season . Despite good qualifying performances in three of the season's first four races, he lost grid position in all of the aforementioned events, but still managed three successive points-scoring finishes. He finished the season with five point scoring results, 17 points, and 16th in
16500-612: Was conquered by England, and its legal system replaced by that of the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 , the Welsh endured as a nation distinct from the English ; and to some degree the Cornish people , although conquered into England by the 11th century, also retained a distinct Brittonic identity and language. Later, with both an English Reformation and a Scottish Reformation , Edward VI of England , under
16632-570: Was left open to invasion by pagan , seafaring warriors such as Germanic -speaking Anglo-Saxons and Jutes from Continental Europe , who gained control in areas around the south east, and to Middle Irish -speaking people migrating from the north of Ireland to the north of Great Britain, founding Gaelic kingdoms such as Dál Riata and Alba , which would eventually subsume the native Brittonic and Pictish kingdoms and become Scotland. In this sub-Roman Britain , as Anglo-Saxon culture spread across southern and eastern Britain and Gaelic through much of
16764-427: Was one of the most astonishing transformations in European history". After 1707, a British national identity began to develop, though it was initially resisted, particularly by the English. The peoples of Great Britain had by the 1750s begun to assume a "layered identity": to think of themselves as simultaneously British and also Scottish, English, or Welsh. The terms North Briton and South Briton were devised for
16896-744: Was that the appointment of a Jacobite monarchy in Scotland opened up the possibility of a Franco-Scottish military conquest of England during the Second Hundred Years' War and War of the Spanish Succession . The Parliament of England passed the Alien Act 1705 , which provided that Scottish nationals in England were to be treated as aliens and estates held by Scots would be treated as alien property, whilst also restricting
17028-399: Was the inaugural season of the Series. The championship was contested over sixteen races held at eight rounds, beginning on May 8 at Circuit de Catalunya and ending on September 12 at Autodromo Nazionale Monza. The title was clinched by ART Grand Prix driver Esteban Gutiérrez at the final round by taking pole position, who won the championship 17 points clear of Robert Wickens in second, who was
17160-474: Was the only non-Toyota within a second of the pole lap, and the fastest of the LMDh cars in the category. Bamber taok the start, but a major lock-up at the first corner saw him make contact with the #7 Toyota, not only did the #2 Cadillac drop down the order, but the New Zealander also receive a 90-second stop/go penalty for the incident – a time deficit to the field that the team never fully recovered with
17292-486: Was to be ART Grand Prix's second championship in as many seasons. The season began on 12 May at Catalunya, Barcelona, and finished at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza on 9 September. It supported the entire European leg of the 2012 Formula One Season again and included the series' first visit to Monte Carlo, Monaco. Going into the final round of the season, four drivers were in with a chance of winning
17424-562: Was won by ART Grand Prix , their fifth title. This season was the last with the GP3/13 chassis . The season began on 14 May at Catalunya, Barcelona, and finished at the Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi on 27 November. It was contested over 18 races at nine rounds. There were seven teams with three to four cars each, with DAMS making its debut. The title was clinched by Charles Leclerc at the final round with 202 points, beating Alexander Albon by 25 points on 177 while Antonio Fuoco finished off
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