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39-491: The Port of Algeciras is one of the largest ports in Europe and the world in three categories: container , cargo and transshipment . The urban area straddles the small Río de la Miel , which is the southernmost river of continental Europe. As of 1 January 2020, the municipality had a registered population of 123,078, second in its province after Jerez de la Frontera and greater than Cádiz city population. It forms part of

78-604: A fishing fleet. Despite the heavy ship track, whales and dolphins are known to swim into the port from time to time (see Bay of Gibraltar .) Unlike other major European ports, the present port is rather young. In ancient times the maritime shipping focused on Carteia, which was abandoned in the Middle Ages. During the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula , Algeciras became the crossing point for crossing

117-476: A range of agricultural products from the surrounding area, including cereals, tobacco and farm animals. In recent years it has become a significant tourist destination, with popular day trips to Tarifa to see bird migrations; to Gibraltar to see the territory's sights and culture; and to the Bay of Gibraltar on whale watching excursions. Algeciras is the southern terminus of two principal north–south Euroroutes ,

156-651: A worse port but more easily defensible, in Nasrid control after the Marinid retreat from the Iberian Peninsula. While the jurisdiction was ceded to Gibraltar in 1462 after the Castilian conquest of the latter place, there are hints about the continued existence of informal settlements by farmers and sepherds in the area, at least after 1466. Algeciras was refounded after 1704 by refugees from Gibraltar following

195-403: Is 7th busiest container port in the continent of Europe and 28th in the world with a trade volume of 2.81 million TEUs in 2010 (World Shipping Council) and 9th busiest port by cargo in Europe and 57th in the world with a cargo volume of 69,572,000 tons in 2008. In addition to containers, port operations include bunker fuel handling , cruise shipping , roll-on/roll-off and facilities for

234-641: Is located in the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula , in the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar . Its strategic location near the Strait of Gibraltar —the choke point connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea also entailing the nearest distance between Europe and the African continent —has historically powered the importance of the port. The city proper lies on the western bank of

273-682: Is managed along the port of Tarifa by the Port Authority of Algeciras Bay. It is the largest port in Spain with almost 100 million tons in 2015 and second largest in the Mediterranean Sea, and in 2018 was the 31st in the world in container shipping, and 33rd overall in 2019. In 2010 it exceeded 70 million tons in total traffic and more than 2.8 million containers. The port totals over 10 km of quays in different basins, which manage all types of passenger and freight traffic. It

312-632: Is principally a transport hub and industrial city. Its main activities are connected with the Port of Algeciras , which serves as the main embarkation point between Spain and Tangier and other ports in Morocco as well as the Canary Islands and the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla . It is ranked as the 16th busiest port in the world. The city also has a substantial fishing industry and exports

351-486: The comarca of Campo de Gibraltar . The surrounding metro area also includes the municipalities of Los Barrios , La Línea de la Concepción , Castellar de la Frontera , Jimena de la Frontera , San Roque and Tarifa , with a population of 263,739. The Arabic name for the settlement founded by Muslims after the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula was al-Jazīrah al-Khaḍrāʾ ( الجزيرة الخضراء , "The Green Island"), in reference to Isla Verde . Al-Jazīra(t) gave

390-636: The Admiral of Castile , Pedro Martínez de Fe , and the combined fleets of the Marinid dynasty and that of the Emirate of Granada , commanded by Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr . The battle was fought in the context of the Moorish naval expeditions to the Iberian Peninsula . The battle, which took place in the Strait of Gibraltar , resulted in a Muslim victory. This battle coincided with a simultaneous siege of

429-645: The Battle of Écija . By 1278, King Alfonso X of Castile , sent a large fleet from Sevilla with the goal of blockading that same city. The fleet, which was made up of more than 100 ships of different types, was commanded by the Order of Santa María de España , a military-religious Spanish order which was concentrated in naval warfare. The fleet was commanded by the Admiral of Castile, Pedro Martínez de Fe . The Marinid Sultan worked to gather his own fleet of 72 ships and

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468-462: The Bay of Gibraltar , fronting the Rock of Gibraltar , which dominates the eastern bank. The municipality spans across a total area of 87.96 km (33.96 sq mi), bordering with the municipalities of Los Barrios and Tarifa . The lower course of the river Palmones forms part of the boundary of Algeciras with the municipality of Los Barrios. The urban agglomeration formed by Algeciras and

507-658: The E05 and E15 . Both routes, moreover, run to Scotland (the E05 terminates at Greenock and the E15 at Inverness ) via France and England. Places of interest include: The bus urban transport in managed by C.T.M. ( Cooperativa de transporte de Marruecos ). The Algeciras Gibraltar Railway Company built the Algeciras-Bobadilla railway line, which connects Algeciras railway station to Bobadilla, Antequera and continues to

546-691: The Goths and their Vandal allies, the city was under the control of the Visigothic kingdom until Tarik landed in Algeciras and Tarifa in April 711. In the year 859 AD Viking troops on board 62 drekars and commanded by the leaders Hastein and Björn Ironside besieged the city for three days and subsequently laid waste to much of it. After looting the houses of the rich, they burnt the Aljama mosque and

585-724: The Paleolithic era. Due to its strategic position it was an important port under the Phoenicians , and was the site of the relevant Roman port of Portus Albus ("White Port"), with two nearby cities called Caetaria (possibly founded by the Iberians ) and Iulia Traducta , founded by the Romans . Recently it has been proposed that the site of Iulia Transducta was the Villa Vieja of Algeciras. After being destroyed by

624-487: The Strait of Gibraltar . In the wake of the 1369 Nasrid takeover of Algeciras away from the Crown of Castile , Nasrids carried out a scorched-earth policy and destroyed Algeciras, with the Nasrid garrison thereby relocating to Gibraltar, a worse port but more easily defendable. With the conquest of Gibraltar in 1704, the population fled and was distributed mainly along the bay. Several settlements were established, of which

663-464: The University of Cádiz : Port of Algeciras The Port of Algeciras is the port and harbour of Algeciras , a city located in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia , Spain . It is a commercial, fishing and passenger port. Primarily a transshipment port, its position near the Strait of Gibraltar and key east–west shipping routes establishes it as one of

702-611: The association football club, founded in 1912, plays usually in the third-tier Segunda División B , with past spells in the lower Tercera División and the higher Segunda División . They play home games at the Estadio Nuevo Mirador . Algeciras BM , the professional handball club, played in the Liga ASOBAL between 2005 and 2008. The team was dissolved due to enormous debts after relegation to second level in 2008. The following education centres are property of

741-518: The 18th century repopulation was also participated by settlers from the rest of the Iberian Peninsula and from elsewhere, standing out Italians in the latter regard. Population rapidly increased (from 1,845 in 1725 to 6,241 in 1787). The Algeciras' social structure featured a comparatively small number of nobles and comparatively larger weight of clergy. Just like the rest of the Campo de Gibraltar, husbandry (cattle in particular) played an important role in

780-515: The Banderas mosque. Reorganized near the medina, the inhabitants managed to recover the city and make the invaders run away, capturing two boats. It enjoyed a brief period of independence as a taifa state from 1035 to 1058. It was named al-Jazirah al-Khadra' ("Green Island") after the offshore Isla Verde ; the modern name is derived from this original Arabic name (compare also Algiers and Al Jazeera ). In 1055 Emir Al-Mutadid of Seville drove

819-566: The Berbers from Algeciras, claiming it for Arabs. Vowing to counter the Castilian expansion initiated by 1265, Nasrid Granada required assistance from Fez in late 1274 and ceded the place of Algeciras (together with Tarifa) to the Marinids . In 1278, Algeciras was besieged by the forces of the Kingdom of Castile under the command of Alfonso X of Castile and his son, Sancho . This siege

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858-585: The Lower Guadalquivir and the Guadalete area. In July 1309, Ferdinand IV of Castile laid the first Siege of Algeciras as well as Gibraltar . The latter fell into Christian hands, but Muslim Algeciras held on for the following three decades, until Alfonso XI of Castile began a second Siege of Algeciras in 1342. Juan Núñez de Lara , Juan Manuel , Pedro Fernández de Castro , Juan Alfonso de la Cerda , lord of Gibraleón all participated in

897-418: The busiest transshipment hubs in the world. It competes with Tanger-Med for the local transshipment market. It consists of numerous maritime infrastructures scattered throughout the Bay of Gibraltar . Although only the town of Algeciras and La Línea de la Concepción overlook the bay, there are port facilities in the rest of the bank, also belonging to the municipalities of San Roque and Los Barrios . It

936-636: The city of Algeciras which lasted from 1278–79 and was commanded by the Infante Sancho . The Castilian prince would abandon the siege later in 1279, marking the end of the first action of the long battle for the Strait of Gibraltar . In 1275, the Marinid Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq disembarked on the peninsula commanding an army with the strategic objective to occupy the city of Tarifa . Along this route, he directly participated in various actions, including

975-542: The economy during the 18th century thanks to the rich pastures. Given the abundance of international conflicts in the Strait area during the 18th century, corsair activities against ships belligerent with Spain or neutral ships provisioning the enemy also became an important part of the economy. It was fortified to guard against British raids with installations such as the Fuerte de Isla Verde built to guard key points. The city

1014-612: The governance of the bishop of Cadiz . The bishops of Cadiz continued to hold the title of Aliezira, as it called, until 1851, when in accordance with a concordat between Spain and the Holy See its territory was incorporated into the diocese of Cadiz. No longer a residential bishopric, Aliezira is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see . Left relatively unguarded during the Castilian Civil War ,

1053-699: The local workers made unemployed when the border between Gibraltar and Spain was sealed by Franco between 1969 and 1982. In 1982 there was a failed plan codenamed Operation Algeciras conceived by the Argentinian military to sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar during the Falklands War . The Spanish authorities intervened just before the attack, and deported the two Argentine Montoneros and military liaison officer involved. Algeciras

1092-509: The modern Spanish Algeciras . Algeciras' site was also that of Roman cities called Portus Albus ("White Harbor"), Caetaria (current Getares) and Iulia Traducta . In the later "Byzantine" period , the site would come to be known in Greek as Mesopotámenoi ( Μεσοποτάμενοι ), meaning "between rivers/canals". The area of the city has been populated since prehistory, and the earliest remains belong to Neanderthal populations from

1131-512: The only one on the banks of the sea was the repopulation of Algeciras. In the new distribution of the bay a port facility was not created until 1894, when a wooden jetty was created at the mouth of the Río de la Miel . Battle of Algeciras (1278) The Battle of Algeciras was a naval battle which occurred on July 25, 1278. The battle pitted the fleets of the Kingdom of Castile , commanded by

1170-587: The practical destruction of the entire Castilian fleet. A large portion of the responsibility for the destruction of the Castilian fleet fell on the infante Pedro who appropriated much of the fleets and the siege's tax funding and condemned it to serious supply problems. King Alfonso X however failed to punish his son and instead chose to blame the fleets failure on the Jewish tax collectors Yishaq de la Maleha , ordering his arrest, appropriating all his assets and ordering his execution. The embarrassment following

1209-481: The rest of Spain, the train line terminates near the port of Algeciras. The main routes serving Algeciras include: The main bus station is located next to the train station. Several bus companies operate intercity bus services from and to Algeciras. The nearest airports are: In addition, the Algeciras Heliport is being built for transport to Ceuta and other areas in the region. Algeciras CF ,

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1248-418: The siege, as did knights from France, England and Germany, and even King Philip III of Navarre , king consort of Navarra, who came accompanied by 100 horsemen and 300 infantry. In March 1344, after several years of siege, Algeciras surrendered. On winning the city, Alfonso XI made it the seat of a new diocese , established by Pope Clement VI 's bull Gaudemus et exultamus of 30 April 1344, and entrusted to

1287-477: The surrounding settlements is the sixth largest in Andalusia and the third largest off the region's coast. Algeciras has a Mediterranean subtropical climate ( Köppen : Csa ) with very mild, rainy winters and warm, dry summers with occasional heat waves, and temperature fluctuations are small because of the strong Oceanic influence. There are no snow registers in the city since the 19th century. Algeciras

1326-523: The territory's capture by Anglo-Dutch forces in the War of the Spanish Succession . As early as 1705, the place was described as "...a heap of stones,...only a few hovels scattered here and there, amidst an infinity of ruins". The sense of temporariness among the displaced population and the hopes for a return to Gibraltar were shattered by the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. Besides Gibraltarians, throughout

1365-472: The town was easily seized in 1369 by the Nasrids from Granada with assistance from a Marinid fleet. It was destroyed on the orders of Muhammed V of Granada. While tradition asserts that it was torn down immediately after the 1369 occupation, the Nasrid scorched-earth policy has been also dated to 1375, once Granadan repopulation efforts should have failed. The garrison was thus relocated to Gibraltar, with

1404-618: Was held in the Casa Consistorial (town hall). It confirmed the independence of Morocco against threats from Germany, and gave France control of banking and police interests. In July 1942 Italian frogmen set up in a secret base in the Italian tanker Olterra , which was interned in Algeciras, in order to attack shipping in Gibraltar. During the Franco era, Algeciras underwent substantial industrial development, creating many new jobs for

1443-595: Was rebuilt on its present rectangular plan by Charles III in 1760. In July 1801, the French and Spanish navies fought the British Royal Navy offshore in the Battle of Algeciras , which ended in a British victory. The city became the scene for settling a major international crisis as it hosted the Algeciras Conference in 1906. The international forum to discuss the future of Morocco which

1482-529: Was reinforced with a small fleet of 12 ships sent by the Sultan of Grenada, Muhammad II . Once these two fleets were united, the Muslim fleets recognized a tactical advantage seeing that the Castillian fleet was in poor condition as many of its crew members were afflicted by an attack of scurvy . They decided to attack on the 25th of July and the action took place off the coast of Algeciras and resulted in

1521-402: Was the first of a series of attempts to take the city and ended in failure for the Castilian forces. An armada sent by Castile was also annihilated whilst trying to blockade the city's harbor . The Marinid grip over the town further increased in the ensuing decades, and the place turned into a Marinid stronghold from which razzias were launched into the still incipient Christian settlements in

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