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43-739: In May 2021 the Legislative Yuan passed legislation which authorized the All-Out Defense Mobilization Agency. The agency was inaugurated on December 30 2021 with an official launch date of January 1, 2022. It was created through the merger of the All-out Defense Mobilization Office and the Armed Forces Reserve Command . The Agency published an updated civil defense handbook in 2023. The agency

86-467: A contentious situation in which the pan-blue coalition has only a thin majority over the governing pan-green coalition in the legislature, making the passage of bills often dependent on the votes of a few defectors and independents. Because of the party situation there have been constitutional conflicts between the Legislative Yuan and the executive branch over the process of appointment for

129-533: A fraction of the electorate to force a constitutional referendum. It was feared that allowing this to occur would result in a referendum on Taiwan independence which would likely result in a crisis with the People's Republic of China . The Legislative Yuan also proposed to give itself the power to summon the president for an annual "state of the nation" address and launch a recall of the president and vice president (proposed by one fourth and approved by two thirds of

172-560: A human rights violation. Efforts to counter the tangwai may have included the opening of the political system to Taiwanese who did not hold radical beliefs. Various individuals helped recruit intellectuals to work within the Kuomintang. Sung Shih-hsuan, then chairman of the Provincial Party Committee, introduced social service orientation to local party work, perhaps in an effort to counter the social activism of

215-509: A mandatory 180-day promulgation period, the amendment would have to be ratified by an absolute majority of all eligible voters of the ROC irrespective of voter turnout. The latter requirement would allow a party to kill a referendum proposal by asking that their voters boycott the vote as was done by the KMT with the referendums associated with the 2004 presidential election . A DPP proposal to allow

258-593: A minimum of 1 electoral district, thereby guaranteed at least one seat in the legislature, while half of the proportionally represented seats drawn from party lists must be women. Additionally, the Legislative Yuan proposed to abolish the National Assembly. Future amendments would still be proposed by the LY by a three-fourths vote from a quorum of at least three-fourths of all members of the Legislature. After

301-777: A proposed factory from DuPont to be built in Lukang . The Presbyterian Church of Taiwan was linked to many members of the Tangwai, and the Church itself was at the center of government censure for publishing works in Romanized Taiwanese Hokkien in the 1970s. The government confiscated these works, which led the Church to appeal to the Carter administration of the United States to highlight what it considered

344-476: A small number of seats in the Legislative Yuan , opposition parties were still forbidden. As a result, many opponents of the KMT, officially classified as independents, ran and were elected as members "outside the party." The movement was at times tolerated and other times suppressed, the latter being the case particularly after the Kaohsiung Incident of 1979. Members of the movement eventually formed

387-531: A term of two years. The 4th Legislative Yuan under this period had its members expanded to 194, and its term in office was extended to 14 years because of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). According to KMT political theory, these first four sessions marked the period of political tutelage . The current Constitution of the Republic of China came into effect on 25 December 1947, and

430-417: A three-year term in 1972, fifty-two in 1975, ninety-seven in 1980, ninety-eight in 1983, one hundred in 1986, and one hundred thirty in 1989. Although the elected members of the Legislative Yuan did not have the majority to defeat legislation, they were able to use the Legislative Yuan as a platform to express political dissent . Opposition parties were formally illegal until 1991, but in the 1970s candidates to

473-551: Is a branch of government elected by the National Assembly that serves as the standing legislative body when the National Assembly is not in session. The legislators are to be elected through direct elections . In the constitution, Legislative Yuan, together with National Assembly and Control Yuan , form three chambers of a tricameral parliament according to the Judicial Yuan 's interpretation number 76 of

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516-486: Is possible in their original electoral districts ." In response to the increasing democracy movement in Taiwan , limited supplementary elections were held in Taiwan starting from 1969 and parts of Fujian from 1972. Legislators elected in these supplementary elections served together with those who were elected in 1948. This situation remained until a Constitutional Court ( Judicial Yuan ) ruling on 21 June 1991 that ordered

559-619: The Democratic Progressive Party , which after opposition political parties were legalized, contested elections and won the Presidency with candidate Chen Shui-bian , ending decades of single party rule in Taiwan. Early figures associated with the movement include Kang Ning-hsiang and Huang Hsin-chieh . College professors led a series of demonstrations and open demands for political change in city streets. By 1973

602-405: The premier and whether the president has the power to call a special session. Amid 70% public support, the Legislative Yuan voted 217–1 on 23 August 2004 for a package of amendments to: The new electoral system installed in 2008 includes 73 plurality seats (one for each electoral district), 6 seats for aboriginals , with the remaining 34 seats to be filled from party lists . Every county has

645-464: The tangwai again turned violent in the Kaohsiung Incident . The writers of a political publication called Formosa Magazine or Mei-li-tao planned a series of political marches, first in the southern city of Kaohsiung and later a larger one in Taipei, although the Taipei rally ended up not occurring due to the arrest of the magazine's leaders. Police tapped phones and surveilled those associated with

688-504: The "electorate" in mainland China was unable to cast votes in an election in the Taiwan Area ), pending the promised retaking of mainland China, the tangwai movement had no possibility of gaining power. They were, however, able to use the legislature as a forum for debating the ruling KMT. In response to more native Taiwanese taking public office, the tangwai attempted to contest elections in 1975-1976 and demand even more changes to

731-545: The Constitution (1957). However, the later constitutional amendments in the 1990s removed the parliamentary roles from National Assembly and Control Yuan and transferred them to the Legislative Yuan, which became an unicameral parliament . The original Legislative Yuan was formed in the original capital of Nanjing after the completion of the Northern Expedition . Its 51 members were appointed to

774-661: The KMT would retake the Mainland in a short time. However, over the years, as the prospect of regaining the Mainland diminished, this meant that the legislators from mainland districts (and members of the ruling KMT) held their seats for life, in a one-party system. The body thus came to be called "the Non-reelected Congress". Over the years, deceased members elected on the mainland were not replaced while additional seats were created for Taiwan starting with eleven seats in 1969. Fifty-one new members were elected to

817-420: The Legislative Yuan as "the parliament" ( 國會 ; Guóhuì ; Kok-hōe ). Under the current amended Constitution , the Legislative Yuan, as the only parliamentary body, also holds the power to initiate several constitutional processes, including initiating constitutional amendments (then determined by a national referendum ), recalls of the president (then determined by a recall vote ), and impeachments of

860-464: The Legislative Yuan have to be cosigned by a certain number of legislators. Once a bill reaches the legislature, it is subject to a process of three readings. The concept of Legislative Yuan was introduced by Sun Yat-sen 's Three Principles of the People . The theory proposed a separation of powers into five branches ( 五院 ; wǔyuàn ; gō͘-īⁿ ). The Legislative Yuan, under Sun's political theory,

903-458: The Legislative Yuan passed a Lobbying Act. The Kuomintang -led government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan in 1949, the year following the first legislative elections (1948) after the enactment of the 1947 constitution. As the Kuomintang government continues to claim sovereignty over Mainland China , the term of the original legislators was extended until "re-election

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946-682: The Legislative Yuan would run as Tangwai ("outside the party"), and in 1985 candidates began to run under the banner of the Democratic Progressive Party . The members of the Legislative Yuan with extended terms remained until 31 December 1991, when as part of subsequent Judicial Yuan ruling they were forced to retire and the members elected in 1989 remained until the 161 members of the Second Legislative Yuan were elected in December 1992. The third LY, elected in 1995, had 157 members serving 3-year terms. The fourth LY, elected in 1998,

989-533: The Legislative Yuan, along with the National Assembly (electoral college) and the Control Yuan (upper house), formed the tricameral parliament under the original 1947 Constitution . The Legislative Yuan previously had 760 members representing each constituencies of all China (includes provinces , municipalities , Tibet Area , and various professions in Mainland China ). Until democratization,

1032-737: The Presbyterian Church and Maryknoll order. Members of the Tangwai movement formed the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 1986. Although still illegal, the KMT did not take action against the DPP and the party was legalized in 1991. Many current politicians in Taiwan, most notably former President Chen Shui-bian and Vice President Annette Lu , were active in the tangwai movement. Tangwai members, including Shih Ming-teh and Lin Yi-hsiung , were often harassed or imprisoned by

1075-422: The Republic of China was an authoritarian state under Dang Guo . At the time, the Legislative Yuan functioned as a rubber stamp for the ruling regime of the Kuomintang . Like parliaments or congresses of other countries , the Legislative Yuan is responsible for the passage of legislation , which is then sent to the president for signing. For these similarities, it is also common for people to refer to

1118-480: The Sun Yat-sen Hall in Taipei. The first Legislative Yuan was to have been elected for a term of three years ending in 1951; however, the fall of mainland China made it impossible to hold new elections. As a result, the Judicial Yuan decided that the members of the Legislative Yuan would continue to hold office until new elections could be held on the Mainland. This decision was made in the belief that

1161-494: The United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Tangwai movement , or simply Tangwai ( Chinese : 黨外 ; pinyin : Dǎngwài ; Wade–Giles : Tang -wai ), was a loosely knit political movement in Taiwan in the mid-1970s and early 1980s. Although the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) had allowed contested elections for

1204-598: The United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The Legislative Yuan is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China (Taiwan) located in Taipei . The Legislative Yuan is composed of 113 members, who are directly elected for four-year terms by people of the Taiwan Area through a parallel voting system. Originally located in Nanjing ,

1247-499: The beginning of their 4-year terms. President and vice president of the Legislative Yuan sometimes translate to speaker and deputy speaker respectively in English . Like legislatures of other countries , the Legislative Yuan holds the following power according to the current amended Constitution : Other governmental organs are authorized to propose legislative bills to the Legislative Yuan. Legislative bills proposed to

1290-401: The citizens the right to initiate constitutional referendums was pulled off the table, due to a lack of support. The proposal was criticized for dangerously lowering the threshold for considering a constitutional amendment. Whereas a three-fourths vote of the LY would require that any proposed constitutional amendment have a broad political consensus behind it, a citizen's initiative would allow

1333-543: The first Legislative session convened in Nanjing on 18 May 1948, with 760 members. Six preparatory meetings had been held on 8 May 1948, during which Sun Fo and Chen Li-fu were elected president and vice president of the body. In 1949, the mainland fell to the Communist Party and the Legislative Yuan (along with the entire ROC government) was transplanted to Taipei . On 24 February 1950, 380 members convened at

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1376-453: The government began to arrest the leaders of this new movement and fire those professors who openly criticized the regime. While leading an authoritarian government, Chiang Ching-kuo appeared to be open minded to the possibility of political dissent. Because the majority of seats in the Legislative Yuan were held by delegates purportedly representing constituencies in mainland China , who were elected in 1947 and appointed thereafter (because

1419-542: The government was not stable. Throughout the 1980s the Chiang administration continued to limit free speech. On the other hand, scholars argue that the various other demonstrations by common citizens helped keep the tangwai movement alive despite the mass imprisonment of its leaders. Examples of other social movements from both the middle and working classes which who staged public demonstrations included farmers protesting against corporate farms, and environmentalists opposing

1462-485: The legislators and be submitted to a nationwide referendum for approval or rejection by majority vote). The Legislative Yuan will also have the power to propose the impeachment of the president or vice president to the Council of Grand Justices . An ad hoc National Assembly was elected and formed in 2005 to ratify the amendments. The downsized Legislative Yuan took effect after the 2008 elections . On 20 July 2007,

1505-600: The magazine. On the day of the demonstration, activists took to the streets in a parade formation in Kaohsiung, but were diverted several times due to police blocking their intended route. They attempted to reorganize in Tainan, but many of their leaders were arrested over the next few days. Shih Ming-teh evaded arrest for several months by being harbored by members of the Presbyterian Church of Taiwan (PCT). Shih

1548-504: The political system. The tangwai politicians were reluctant to associate themselves with the National Assembly , as those positions were ostensibly tied to constituencies on Mainland China. They had been able to win victories in contests for the Taiwan Provincial Assembly where affiliated candidates were able to win 21 out of 77 seats. They also won in four of twenty magistrate and mayoral races. Irregularities in

1591-549: The president (then tried by the Constitutional Court ). Starting with the 2008 legislative elections , changes were made to the Legislative Yuan in accordance with a constitutional amendment passed in 2005 . The Legislative Yuan has 113 members serving four-year terms; 73 members are elected by first-past-the-post , 6 reserved for indigenous candidates by single non-transferable vote , and 34 by party-list proportional representation . The current Legislative Yuan

1634-1360: The retirement of all members with extended terms by the end of 1991. Timeline of Legislative Yuan elections and terms Tangwai movement Lai Ching-te ( DPP ) Hsiao Bi-khim ( DPP ) Cho Jung-tai ( DPP ) 11th Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu ( KMT ) Shieh Ming-yan acting Vacant Vacant Vacant Control Yuan Chen Chu Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Taipei Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Lin Chia-lung Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and

1677-506: The vote counting process in the city of Zhongli , lead to violent clashes between protesters and police in what is now known as the Zhongli incident . Shih Ming-teh was released from prison soon after Zhongli, and attempted to involve himself with a Provincial Assembly election. In 1979, the same year which the US ceased its recognition of the Republic of China, conflict between authorities and

1720-1512: Was established to enhance Taiwan's ability to deter a Chinese invasion through asymmetric means. The starting strength of the agency was 150 full time staff. This article related to the Taiwanese armed forces is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Legislative Yuan Opposition Lai Ching-te ( DPP ) Hsiao Bi-khim ( DPP ) Cho Jung-tai ( DPP ) 11th Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu ( KMT ) Shieh Ming-yan acting Vacant Vacant Vacant Control Yuan Chen Chu Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Taipei Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Lin Chia-lung Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and

1763-506: Was expanded to 225 members in part to include legislators from the abolished provincial legislature of Taiwan Province . The Legislative Yuan greatly increased its prominence after the 2000 presidential elections in Taiwan when the Executive Yuan and presidency was controlled by the Democratic Progressive Party while the Legislative Yuan had a large majority of Kuomintang members. The legislative elections in late 2001 produced

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1806-414: Was inaugurated on February 1, 2024, and its term expires on January 31, 2028. The 5 largest parties with 3 seats or more can form caucuses. If there are fewer than 5 such parties, legislators in other parties or with no party affiliation can form caucuses with at least 4 members. The president and vice president of the Legislative Yuan are elected by the 113 legislators during a preparatory session in

1849-400: Was sent to the infamous Green Island , as was PCT General Secretary Kau Chih-min. The Kaohsiung incident marked the end to open demonstrations by the tangwai . Faced with the struggle for diplomatic recognize by the international community, the Kuomintang -led government decided to end political dissent, determining that political activists outside of the party were giving the impression that

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