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46-530: Farol da Barra (Barra Lighthouse) , on the site of a historic fort, stands at the entrance of the bay. The Bay of All Saints is shallow along much of its area with an average depth of 9.8 meters (32 ft). The Paraguaçu River travels 500 kilometers (310 mi) to empty into the bay and the coastal lowlands of the Reconcavo Basin are at its mouth. It contains 91 islands, the largest being Itaparica Island at its entrance. Other important islands include

92-560: A former crewmate who may have inspired Daniel Defoe 's Robinson Crusoe . Others influenced by Dampier include George Anson , James Cook , Horatio Nelson , Charles Darwin , and Alfred Russel Wallace . William Dampier was born at Hymerford House in East Coker , Somerset , in 1651. He was baptised on 5 September, but his precise date of birth is not recorded. He was educated at King's School, Bruton . Dampier sailed on two merchant voyages to Newfoundland and Java before joining

138-674: A further delay at the Texel , they dropped anchor at the Thames in London on 14 October 1711. Dampier may not have lived to receive all of his share of the expedition's gains. He died in the Parish of St Stephen Coleman Street , London. The exact date and circumstances of his death, and his final resting place, are all unknown. He may have been buried in St Stephen’s Church, but the building

184-593: A hundred miles from it. In danger of sinking, he attempted to make the return voyage to England, but the ship foundered at Ascension Island on 21 February 1701. While anchored offshore the ship began to take on more water and the carpenter could do nothing with the worm -eaten planking. As a result, the vessel had to be run aground. Dampier's crew was marooned there for five weeks before being picked up on 3 April by an East Indiaman and returned home in August 1701. Although many papers were lost with Roebuck , Dampier

230-487: A lack of a lighthouse in the area. The Fort of Santo Antônio da Barra, which had been rebuilt in 1696 under the government of João de Lencastre (1694-1702), built a quadrangular turret in the fort topped by a glazed bronze lantern. The square shape of the lighthouse, in contrast to the cylindrical structure of today, is seen in Cartas Soteropolitanas in the late 18th century by Luís dos Santos Vilhena. It

276-478: A second ship, Duchess . Commanded by Woodes Rogers , this voyage was more successful: Selkirk was rescued on 2 February 1709, and the expedition amassed £147,975 (equivalent to £27.8 million today) worth of plundered goods. Most of that came from the capture of a Spanish galleon, Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación y Desengaño , along the coast of Mexico in December 1709. In January 1710, Dampier crossed

322-472: A seven-hour battle but were driven off. Dampier succeeded in capturing a number of small Spanish ships along the coast of Peru, but released them after removing only a fraction of their cargoes because he believed they "would be a hindrance to his greater designs." The greater design he had in mind was a raid on Santa María, a town on the Gulf of Panama rumoured to hold stockpiles of gold from nearby mines. When

368-644: A small canoe which they modified after first capsizing and then, after surviving a great storm at sea, called at "Acheen" ( Aceh ) in Sumatra . Dampier returned to England in 1691 via the Cape of Good Hope , penniless, with his only possessions being his journals and a tattooed slave known as Jeoly. Originally from Miangas , Jeoly and his mother were captured by slave traders and brought to Mindanao . They were bought for sixty dollars by one Mister Moody, who later passed on ownership to Dampier. When his mother died, Jeoly

414-740: Is a lighthouse in Salvador, Bahia , Brazil . It is located at the tip of the Padrão, now the Point of Santo Antônio, to the extreme south of Salvador, at the entrance of the Bay of All Saints . The lighthouse was built at the center of the Santo Antônio da Barra Fort . The current lighthouse is the second built the site. The first was built of taipa , and was the second built in the Americas, after

460-658: Is now Australia, and Dampier's intention was to travel there via Cape Horn . The expedition set out on 14 January 1699, too late in the season to attempt the Horn, so it headed to New Holland via the Cape of Good Hope instead. Following the Dutch route to the Indies, Dampier passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay on 6 August 1699. He landed and began producing

506-612: Is owned by the Brazilian Navy . It is maintained by the Signaling Boating Center "Almirante Moraes Rêgo" ( Centro de Auxílios à Navegação Almirante Moraes Rego ) (CAMR) of the Hydrography and Navigation Directorate ( Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegacão ) (DHN). The Barra Lighthouse is a visual icon of Salvador and references to it appear in literature, art, and film. The Santo Antônio da Barra Fort and

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552-715: The Ilha dos Frades , ilha de Maré , ilha de Bom Jesus , and the small Ilha do Medo . The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci was the first European to visit the bay, during his second expedition to the Americas . He entered the bay on All Saints' Day (November 1), 1501. He named the Bay of the Holy Savior of All the Saints after the date and his parish church in Florence , San Salvatore di Ognissanti . Initially,

598-697: The Royal Navy in 1673. He took part in the two Battles of Schooneveld in June of that year. Dampier's service was cut short by a catastrophic illness, and he returned to England for several months of recuperation. For the next several years he tried his hand at various careers, including plantation management in Jamaica and logging in Mexico, before he eventually joined another sailing expedition. Returning to England, he married Judith around 1679, only to leave for

644-619: The breadfruit plant, and made frequent documentation of the taste of numerous foods foreign to the European palate at the time, such as flamingo and manatee. After impressing the British Admiralty with his book A New Voyage Round the World , Dampier was given command of a Royal Navy ship and made important discoveries in western Australia, before being court-martialed for cruelty. On a later voyage he rescued Alexander Selkirk ,

690-489: The "miserablest" people he had ever seen who "differ but little from brutes." Among his fellows were a significant number of Spanish sailors, most notably Alonso Ramírez, a native of San Juan , Puerto Rico ; Ramírez would later be released after being imprisoned by another pirate, Duncan Mackintosh . Later that year, by agreement, Dampier and two shipmates were marooned on one of the Nicobar Islands . They obtained

736-700: The Admiralty. Dampier aggressively defended his conduct, but he was found guilty. His pay for the voyage was reduced, and he was dismissed from the Royal Navy . According to records held at the UK's National Archives , the Royal Navy court martial held on 8 June 1702 involved the following three charges: The War of the Spanish Succession had broken out in 1701, and English privateers were being readied to act against French and Spanish interests. Dampier

782-526: The Bahia coast. The first European to disembark in Morro de São Paulo was Martim Afonso de Sousa in 1531, while he was leading an expedition charged with exploring the coast of the new continent. Salvador was a major slave port for the sugarcane fields of Brazil by the early 18th century. In the whaling days , it was also a popular spot, since the bay was a mating ground for whales . The northeast shore of

828-635: The Barra Lighthouse are protected as a historic structures by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage . The fort was listed as a historic structure in 1938. The Barra Lighthouse, unlike others in Brazil, is open to the public and may be visited. William Dampier William Dampier (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, pirate, privateer , navigator, and naturalist who became

874-647: The Bay of All Saints is home to Brazil's first active oil fields . The municipality of São Francisco do Conde , at the north of the bay, remains a port that serves the oil refineries at Mataripe . The bay is dredged from the port to the Atlantic Ocean to remain open to shipping. Barra Lighthouse The Barra Lighthouse ( Portuguese : Farol da Barra ) also known as the Santo Antônio Lighthouse ( Portuguese : Farol de Santo Antônio ),

920-638: The Pacific in Duke , accompanied by Duchess and two prizes. They stopped at Guam before arriving in Batavia . Following a refit at Horn Island (near Batavia) and the sale of one of their prize ships, they sailed for the Cape of Good Hope where they remained for more than three months awaiting a convoy . They left the Cape in company with English ships, with Dampier now serving as sailing master of Encarnación . After

966-646: The Philippines. Spanish witnesses saw the predominantly English crew as not only pirates and heretics but also cannibals. Leaving Swan and 36 others behind on Mindanao, the rest of the privateers under new Captain John Read sailed on to Manila, Poulo Condor in modern-day Vietnam, China, the Spice Islands , and New Holland (Australia). Contrary to Dampier's later claim that he had not actively participated in actual piratical attacks during this voyage, he

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1012-488: The bay, its principal settlement , and the captaincy around it all shared the same name, but they were eventually distinguished, the state becoming simply Bahia, the bay becoming the Bay of All Saints, and the city becoming first Bahia and now (usually) Salvador. In 1501, one year after the arrival of Pedro Álvares Cabral 's fleet in Porto Seguro , Gaspar de Lemos arrived at the Bay of All Saints and sailed most of

1058-457: The book, A New Voyage Round the World , in 1697 was a popular sensation, creating interest at the Admiralty . In 1699, Dampier was given command of the 26-gun warship HMS  Roebuck , with a commission from King William III (who had ruled jointly with Queen Mary II until her death in 1694). His mission was to explore the east coast of New Holland , the name given by the Dutch to what

1104-711: The capture of Spanish ships on the Pacific coast of that isthmus. The pirates then raided Spanish settlements in Peru , with diminishing returns over time as the Spanish became aware of their presence. After a failed raid on the city of Arica , a group of the buccaneers, Dampier included, left the group in April 1681 and re-crossed the Isthmus of Darién. The remainder of the expedition continued on and rounded Cape Horn in November of

1150-580: The coast of Peru. He and his remaining men embarked in a Spanish prize for the East Indies, where they were thrown into prison as pirates by their supposed allies the Dutch but later released. Now without a ship, Dampier made his way back to England at the end of 1707. In 1708, Dampier was engaged to serve on the privateer Duke , not as captain but as pilot. Duke beat its way into the South Pacific Ocean round Cape Horn in consort with

1196-475: The first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia , and the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. He has also been described as Australia's first natural historian, as well as one of the most important British explorers of the period between Sir Francis Drake (16th century) and Captain James Cook (18th century); he "bridged those two eras" with a mix of piratical derring-do of

1242-561: The first known detailed record of Australian flora and fauna. The botanical drawings that were made are believed to be by his clerk, James Brand. Dampier then followed the coast north-east, reaching the Dampier Archipelago and Lagrange Bay , just south of what is now called Roebuck Bay , all the while recording and collecting specimens, including many shells. From there he bore northward for Timor . Then he sailed east and on 3 December 1699 rounded New Guinea, which he passed to

1288-595: The first maps of the Galápagos during this period. Cooke died in Mexico, and a new leader, Edward Davis , was elected captain by the crew, taking the ship Batchelor's Delight , with future Captain George Raynor in the crew. Dampier transferred to the privateer Charles Swan 's ship, Cygnet , and on 31 March 1686 they set out across the Pacific to raid the East Indies , calling at Guam and Mindanao in

1334-473: The force of seamen he led against the town met with unexpectedly strong resistance, however, he withdrew. In May 1704, Cinque Ports separated from the St George and, after putting Alexander Selkirk ashore alone on an island for complaining about the vessel's seaworthiness, sank off the coast of what is today Colombia. Some of its crew survived being shipwrecked but were made prisoners of the Spanish. It

1380-399: The former and scientific inquiry of the latter. His expeditions were among the first to identify and name a number of plants, animals, foods, and cooking techniques for a European audience, being among the first English writers to use words such as avocado, barbecue, and chopsticks. In describing the preparation of avocados, he was the first European to describe the making of guacamole , named

1426-489: The galleon's 18- and 24-pounders , and, suffering serious damage, they were forced to break off the attack. The failure to capture the Spanish galleon completed the break-up of the expedition. Dampier, with about thirty men, stayed in the St George , while the rest of the crew took a captured barque across the Pacific to Amboyna in the Dutch settlements . The undermanned and worm-damaged St George had to be abandoned on

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1472-497: The installation of a more modern lighthouse at Barra. The government ordered a lighthouse manufactured in England to replace the old one. It was dedicated by Dom Pedro II on December 2, 1839. It had a catoptric reflector , lighted by kerosene, and was visible for eighteen nautical miles in clear weather. The old "Barbier" kerosene incandescent lighting system was replaced by electric light in 1937. The lighthouse, like others in Brazil,

1518-550: The north. He traced the south-eastern coasts of New Hanover , New Ireland , and New Britain , charting the Dampier Strait between these islands (now the Bismarck Archipelago ) and New Guinea. En route, he paused to collect specimens such as giant clams. By this time, Roebuck was in such bad condition that Dampier was forced to abandon his plan to examine the east coast of New Holland while less than

1564-569: The old Friborg Palace in Recife . The current structure was built in 1839 and dedicated by Dom Pedro II of Brazil. It is constructed of masonry and painted with black and white bands. The lighthouse is a 22 metres (72 ft)-high tapered tower with a Fresnel lens dating to 1890. The fort and lighthouse were listed as historic structures by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute in 1938. The first lighthouse at Barra

1610-578: The same year. Dampier made his way to Virginia , where in 1683 he was engaged by the privateer John Cooke . Cooke entered the Pacific via Cape Horn and spent a year raiding Spanish possessions in Peru, the Galápagos Islands , and Mexico. This expedition collected buccaneers and ships as it went along, at one time having a fleet of ten vessels. Ambrose Cowley , one of the buccaneers who later wrote an account of his own circumnavigation, produced

1656-634: The sea a few months later. In 1679, Dampier joined the crew of the buccaneer (pirate) Captain Bartholomew Sharp on the Spanish Main of Central America, twice visiting the Bay of Campeche , or "Campeachy" as it was then known, on the north coast of Mexico. This led to his first circumnavigation, during which he accompanied a raid across the Isthmus of Darién in Panama and took part in

1702-499: The shared maritime heritage of those parts of the world first visited or described by him. His account of the expedition was published as A Voyage to New Holland in 1703. On his return from the Roebuck expedition, Dampier was court-martialled for cruelty . On the outward voyage, Dampier had his lieutenant , George Fisher, removed from the ship and jailed in Brazil. Fisher returned to England and complained about his treatment to

1748-604: Was able to save some new charts of coastlines, and his record of trade winds and currents in the seas around Australia and New Guinea. He also preserved a few of his specimens. Many plant specimens were donated to the Fielding-Druce Herbarium (part of the University of Oxford ), and in September 1999, they were then loaned to Western Australia for the 300 year celebration. In 2001, the Roebuck wreck

1794-580: Was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George , with a crew of 120 men. They were joined by the 16-gun Cinque Ports with 63 men, and sailed on 11 September 1703 from Kinsale , Ireland. The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile in February 1704. While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman, which they engaged in

1840-519: Was built due to the expansion of commerce and slavery in Bahia in the 17th century. The port at Salvador was the principal point of the Atlantic slave trade in Brazil. The region, in turn, exported sugar, cotton, tobacco, and timber to the European consumer market. Galeão Santíssimo Sacramento suffered a tragic shipwreck on May 5, 1668 on the sand bank at the mouth of the Vermelho River due to

1886-476: Was destroyed by bombing in 1940, and was not rebuilt. Dampier’s will was proven on 23 March 1715, and it is generally assumed he died earlier that month, but this is not known with any certainty. His estate was almost £2,000 in debt. Dampier influenced several figures better known than he: Gabriel García Márquez, the Literature Nobel Prize, mentioned him in his dictator novel: "The Autumn of

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1932-474: Was in fact selected in 1687 to command one of the Spanish ships captured by Cygnet ' s crew off Manila. On 5 January 1688, Cygnet "anchored two miles from shore in 29 fathoms" on the northwest coast of Australia, near King Sound . Dampier and his ship remained there until 12 March, and while the ship was being careened Dampier made notes on the fauna and flora and the indigenous peoples he found there. Dampier wrote that Aboriginal Australians were

1978-540: Was inconsolable and wrapped himself in his dead mother's clothes. Dampier claimed in his diaries that he became close with Jeoly, however, eager to recoup the money he lost while at sea, he sold Jeoly to the Blue Boar Inn on Fleet Street . Jeoly was exhibited as a "prince" to large crowds until he died of smallpox three months later. Numerous false stories about the tattooed foreigner were afterwards written, including his title as "Prince Giolo". The publication of

2024-557: Was located in Clarence Bay , Ascension Island, by a team from the Western Australian Maritime Museum . Because of his widespread influence, and also because so little exists that can now be linked to him, it has been argued that the remains of his ship and the objects still at the site on Ascension Island – while the property of Britain and subject to the island government's management – are actually

2070-488: Was now left to the St George to make an attempt on the Manila galleon , the main object of the expedition. The ship was sighted on 6 December 1704, probably Nuestra Señora del Rosario . It was caught unprepared and had not run out its guns. But while Dampier and his officers argued over the best way to mount an attack, the galleon got its guns loaded and the battle was joined. The St George soon found itself out-sized by

2116-584: Was powered by whale oil, and came to be called Vigia da Barra or Farol da Barra. The logbook of the English privateer William Dampier , in 1699, record: "The entrance to the Todos os Santos Bay is defended by the imposing Fort of Santo Antônio, whose lamps are lit and suspended to guide the ships, which we saw at night." After the exit of the Portuguese from Brazil regulatory Decree of July 6, 1832 mandated

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