43-547: All Saints Church is a parish church in West Ham , an area in east London. It has been a Grade I listed building since 1984. In the medieval era the church's parish included all of West Ham, with the one exception of the 24 acres within Stratford Langthorne Abbey 's precincts, which formed a separate parish of St Mary and All Saints until the abbey was dissolved , that parish's church was destroyed and
86-635: A battalion , but it joined a different regiment. The West Ham Pals were assigned to the 6th Infantry Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division and served on the Western Front . The battalion were locally nicknamed The Butterflies due to the name of their popular leader, Lieutenant Colonel Pelham Rawston Papillon (Papillon was of Huguenot ancestry, with Papillon meaning 'butterfly' in French). The battalion's disbandment in February 1918 occurred as
129-408: A capacity of 120,000. The street names of housing developed on the site of the former stadium pay homage to the speedway greats associated with West Ham, including Bluey Wilkinson and Jack Young . The West Ham Hammers team were involved in the top flight leagues 1929 to 1939, 1946 to 1955 and 1964 to 1971, winning the inaugural British League in 1965. While football is probably the main focus for
172-521: A county borough and was outside the area of responsibility of Essex County Council – though still formally within the county. At the time of the 1901 census it was the ninth most populous district in England with a population of 267,308.[4] From 1934 to 1965 it was surrounded by the County Borough of East Ham to the east, the municipal boroughs of Wanstead and Woodford and Leyton to the north, and
215-441: A new parish for St James' Church, Forest Gate . Two curiosities are worth noting in the present church: the baptismal font , dated 1707, which bears the name of three churchwardens instead of the usual two (the ancient parish was once divided into three wards and the custom continues); and the other is the clock in the tower, made in 1857 to Lord Grimthorpe 's design, and the prototype of Big Ben . West Ham West Ham
258-426: A new parish for St Mark's Church, Forest Gate in 1894. George Dyson and George Gilbert Scott rebuilt All Saints in 1847–1849, replacing the box pews with modern pews that allowed for more free sittings and probably altering the old nave dormers into their present configuration. Scott was called in again in 1865–1869, removing the west gallery, inserting new windows and designing a new reredos. A second larger font
301-513: A population of 50,000 or more: the primary aim of incorporation was to prevent the inclusion of West Ham in an enlarged London municipality. This initial application was unsuccessful. However, encouraged by the 1883 incorporation of Croydon , a second petition was submitted in May 1885. Following an inquiry in October 1885, a scheme for the creation of the borough and dissolution of the board of health
344-724: A teeming and an industrious population." Many workers lived in slum conditions close to where they worked, leading to periodic outbreaks of contagious diseases and severe poverty. The pollution and In the First World War , the Mayor and Borough of West Ham raised a pals battalion of local volunteers, the 13th (Service) Battalion (West Ham) of the Essex Regiment . The battalion first paraded in February 1915 at St Luke's Church in Canning Town. East Ham also raised
387-647: Is a district in East London , England and is in the London Borough of Newham . It is an inner-city suburb located 6.1 mi (9.8 km) east of Charing Cross . The area was originally an ancient parish formed to serve parts of the older Manor of Ham , and it later became a County Borough . The parish and borough of West Ham, situated east of the River Lea and north of the River Thames ,
430-648: Is named after the area. Their nicknames, the Irons and the Hammers derive from their association with the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company , whose workers formed Thames Ironworks F.C. West Ham United F.C. played at the Boleyn Ground in nearby Upton Park between 1904 and 2016. The West Ham Stadium , a football, greyhound racing and speedway stadium, operated between 1928 and 1972, with
473-727: The 2011 census . In 2011 White British people comprising 19% of the ward's population with Other White individuals forming approximately 15% of the population. West Ham station on Manor Road (formerly called The Memorial Grounds) is served by the London Underground Jubilee, Hammersmith, and City and District tube lines; the National Rail c2c services; and from 2010 the Docklands Light Railway . Plaistow and Stratford stations are also close by. The football club West Ham United F.C.
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#1732783909721516-637: The Metropolitan Building Act . The Act restricted dangerous and noxious industries from operating in the metropolitan area, the eastern boundary of which was the River Lea . Consequently, many of these activities were relocated to the other side of the river and to West Ham, then a parish in Essex centred on All Saints Church, West Ham . As a result, West Ham became one of Victorian Britain's major manufacturing centres for pharmaceuticals, chemicals and processed foods. This rapid growth earned it
559-498: The Second World War . There were officially 1186 civilians killed, but this may have been around 500 higher due to the disputed death toll at South Hallsville School. In March 1976, an IRA terrorist planted a bomb on a Metropolitan Line train, but it exploded prematurely, at West Ham station, injuring seven. The perpetrator shot and injured a member of the public and fled. The train driver, Julius Stevens, gave chase but
602-597: The Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company – the borough's main employer. The ship is representative of the Royal Docks , and the area's long association with the sea. The Latin motto " Deo Confidimus " at the base translates as " In God We Trust ." The omission of West Ham from the London-administered metropolitan area , which took in nearby places such as Greenwich and Woolwich , was first commented on in 1855 and West Ham Council later considered
645-690: The British Army was so short of manpower that it could no longer maintain as many units, the surviving members of the West Ham battalion were re-assigned to other battalions of the Essex Regiment in order to bring them up to strength for the anticipated German offensive . The presence of the Royal Docks , the Stratford railway lands and other high value targets made West Ham one of the areas of London and Essex worst affected by bombing during
688-521: The Lea and Thames were historically industrial with the remainder residential, mostly Victorian terraced housing interspersed with higher density post-war social housing. Since its urbanisation the area has always been one of the poorest in London. In 1971, individuals of non-European origin comprised approximately 16% of the population of West Ham, rising to approximately 30% by the 1991 census and 65.5% in
731-519: The Lea and north of the Thames, with Leyton to the north and East Ham to the east. The boundary between West and East Ham was drawn from the now lost Hamfrith Waste and Hamfrith Wood in the north (then the southernmost parts of Epping Forest which extended as far south as the Romford Road at that time), along Green Street down to the small, similarly lost, natural harbour known as Ham Creek,
774-554: The area between West Ham Park and Romford Road. A permanent building was put up in 1896 and a separate parish formed the following year. It opened a mission of its own around 1900 in Vicarage Lane, which was destroyed by the London Blitz . 51°32′36″N 0°00′53″E / 51.5432°N 0.0146°E / 51.5432; 0.0146 This article about a church or other Christian place of worship in London
817-724: The building of Bow Bridge , the only dry crossing of the Lea for many miles, are likely to have increased the prosperity of the area. In June 1648, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , a Royalist force of some 500 to 600 men won a minor battle against the Tower Hamlets Militia at Bow Bridge and occupied Stratford for three days, before heading off along the old Roman Road to the Siege of Colchester . The village of West Ham underwent rapid growth from 1844 following
860-580: The case for inclusion in the County of London in 1895 and 1907. The reluctance to proceed with amalgamation was largely explained by lack of perceived support, fear of financial disadvantage caused by increased rates, the detrimental effect of London planning laws on industry, and the desire to retain the independent civic institutions and privileges attached to county borough status. The Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London reviewed
903-484: The chancel arch was rebuilt and the west tower added at the same time. The abbey acquired the parish by 1334 and held onto it until the crown took it over after the Dissolution. A north chapel was added in mid 15th century, closely followed by a south chapel. Many of the windows in the north aisle seem to date to the late 15th century, implying another rebuilding in that area at that time, whilst wall paintings found in
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#1732783909721946-431: The chancel's east wall were all refaced with yellow stock brick in 1800-1803 and Thomas Holbrook provided a set of the royal arms for the church's east end in 1804. The parish's population was growing and all three galleries were expanded again in 1821–1824 to cope with the increased congregations. Even so, an 1827 account stated that only 12% of the parish's population could be seated. Chapels of ease began to be added to
989-470: The church of West Ham to the abbey. Gilbert Foliot , bishop of London also assigned a vicar to the parish church around the same time. The building contains a relief and possibly the remains of a font from the Abbey. The nave was largely rebuilt halfway through the 13th century, adding five-bay arcades on the north and south sides. Its crossing was demolished around 1400 to add two bays to the nave's east end -
1032-476: The community, there is rugby, with Holland Road, next to West Ham station , home to 3 rugby teams which play in Essex RFU leagues: Phantoms RFC, Kings Cross Steelers and East London RFC. St Matthew%27s Church, West Ham St Matthew's Church is a Church of England church on Dyson Road in West Ham , east London. It originated in 1891 as a mission of All Saints Church, West Ham , designed to serve
1075-690: The local government arrangements of the Greater London Conurbation and in 1965, under the terms of the London Government Act 1963 , the county borough, and the County Borough of East Ham , were abolished and their former area was amalgamated with small parts of Barking and Woolwich to form the London Borough of Newham in Greater London . The parish, and coterminous subsequent borough, lay east of
1118-476: The location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea , Thames and Roding and their marshes. North Woolwich seems likely to have been removed from Ham in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest. The earliest recorded use of West Ham, as distinct from Ham or East Ham, was in 1186 as 'Westhamma'. The creation of Stratford Langthorne Abbey (one of England's larger monasteries), and
1161-529: The metropolitan boroughs of Poplar to the west with the Thames to the south with Greenwich on the far side. The coat of arms was granted by the College of Arms on 14 January 1887. The chevrons on the lower portion represent Stratford, taken from the device of Stratford Langthorne Abbey . At the top right, there are crossed hammers which are also shown as the centrepiece of West Ham United 's badge, representing
1204-415: The mouth of a small watercourse. The area of the parish and borough included not just central West Ham area, just south of Stratford, with the twin focuses of All Saints' Parish Church and West Ham station ; but also the sub-districts of Stratford , Canning Town , Plaistow , Custom House , Silvertown , Forest Gate and the western parts of Upton Park which is shared with East Ham. The areas along
1247-457: The name "London over the border". The growth of the town was summarised by The Times in 1886: "Factory after factory was erected on the marshy wastes of Stratford and Plaistow, and it only required the construction at Canning Town of the Victoria and Albert Docks to make the once desolate parish of West Ham a manufacturing and commercial centre of the first importance and to bring upon it
1290-466: The nave during 19th century restorations probably also date to the 15th century. Around 1547 the churchwardens sold some of the church's communion plate and a property in Stratford to fund a rebuilding of the north chapel in brick, without the parish' permission - this included a turret for a stairwell into a rood screen on its north side. The Protestant Thomas Rose was made its vicar in 1552. One of
1333-458: The parish itself merged into All Saints. There has been a building on the site since at least the late 12th century - the three blocked clerestory windows on either side of the present building's nave date to that time. One of the founding endowments for the Abbey was land that had belonged to "Ranulph the priest", implying the existence of a parish church. The first concrete reference is a charter of 1181-82 by Henry II of England which confirmed
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1376-417: The parish, such as St Mary's Church, Plaistow in 1830 and St John's Church, Stratford in 1834 - these both later became parishes in their own right in 1844, taking parts of what had been All Saints parish, whilst the new parish church of Christ Church, Stratford also took part of All Saints parish on its foundation in 1852. Another part of All Saints parish was split off to join part of Emmanuel parish as
1419-410: The present building's three fonts was added in 1707. In 1710 a west gallery was added, with an organ installed in it 21 years later. South and north galleries were added in 1727 and 1735 respectively. In 1763 the west gallery was rebuilt and in 1788-90 the pulpit altered. A long south porch had also been added by 1799, which survived until sometime in the 19th century. The south aisle, the south chapel and
1462-703: The slum areas. Accordingly, the Public Health Act 1848 ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63) was applied to the parish, and a local board of health was formed in 1856. The board had 15 members: 12 elected and 3 nominated by the Commissioners of Sewers. West Ham was included in the London postal district , established in 1857, but not in the statutory metropolitan area established in 1855 or the County of London established in 1889. Instead, administrative reform
1505-516: The term, as 'Hamme', is in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958, in which King Edgar granted the Manor of Ham , which was undivided at that time, to Ealdorman Athelstan. A subsequent charter of 1037 describes a transfer of land which has been identified with East Ham, indicating that the division of the territory occurred between 958 and 1037. The place name derives from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring to
1548-494: The western parts of Upton Park which is shared with East Ham. The district was historically dependent on its docks and other maritime trades, while the inland industrial concentrations led to its byname as the Factory centre of the south of England . These sources of employment have largely been lost, though there has been a degree of regeneration, in part associated with the 2012 Olympic Games . The first known written use of
1591-501: Was added to the nave's west end in 1869. Further restorations and alterations followed in 1879-1880 and 1892, removing the north and south galleries. All Saints also founded the mission churches of St Thomas's around 1878 (which took part of All Saints parish in 1891 and was merged back into All Saints' parish in 1961) and St Matthew's Church, West Ham in 1891. Part of All Saints parish was joined with parts of those of St John's Church, Stratford and Emmanuel Church, Forest Gate to form
1634-416: Was an administrative unit, with largely consistent boundaries, from the 12th century to 1965, when it merged with neighbouring areas to become the western part of the new London Borough . Before 1965 the area was part of the historic county of Essex . West Ham's long established boundaries take in the sub-districts of Stratford , Canning Town , Plaistow , Custom House , Silvertown , Forest Gate and
1677-502: Was divided between the parish vestry, highway board and the Havering and Dagenham Commissioners of Sewers. Problems centred on provision of adequate paving, water supply, fire fighting and control of development. In 1853 a group of ratepayers initiated moves to improve local administration. This led to a public enquiry by Charles Dickens ' brother Alfred, a medical officer, who published a report in 1855 severely critical of conditions in
1720-507: Was made in June and the charter was granted in July 1886. A corporation consisting of a mayor , 12 aldermen and 36 councillors replaced the board, with the first elections held on 1 November. The first mayor was John Meeson, head of a local lime burning and cement making firm, and a former chairman of West Ham Local Board. In 1889 the borough was large enough in terms of population to become
1763-482: Was made up of three wards: Church-street, Stratford-Langthorne , and Plaistow . The parish also included the hamlet of Upton . In 1840 the parish was included in the Metropolitan Police District soon after the built-up area of London had encompassed much of West Ham. It had become apparent that local government in the parish of West Ham was not adequate to meet the needs of the area which
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1806-522: Was shot and killed. The terrorist ran into the street where he was confronted by a policeman; he turned the gun on himself but survived. In the 1970s and 1980s, the area suffered from deindustrialisation , including closure of the Bromley gasworks and West Ham Power Station . West Ham formed a large ancient parish of around 4,500 acres (18 km ) in the Becontree hundred of Essex . The parish
1849-532: Was undertaken in the area in much the same way as a large provincial town. A local board was formed in 1856 under the Public Health Act 1848 ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63). In November 1878 the inhabitants of the parish decided to petition the privy council for a charter , incorporating the town as a municipal borough . This was in reaction to proposals to enlarge the area governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works to include adjoining districts with
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