60-597: The University of Allahabad is a Central University located in Prayagraj , Uttar Pradesh . It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is the 4th oldest modern University in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College , named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1873, who suggested
120-453: A Rektor is elected by the Senate from among the professors of the university (which is the traditional method of choosing the head of a German university), while a Präsident need be neither a professor nor a member of the university (or of any university) prior to appointment. The Rektor is traditionally addressed as Magnifizenz . The rector forms a collegiate leadership body together with
180-554: A central university . In 2003 the union cabinet decided to restore the central universality status of the university. This central university status was finally restored in 2005, through The University of Allahabad Act by the Parliament of India , which also declared the university an Institution of National Importance . It has been accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council . The campus
240-540: A rettore is now six years, in accordance with the new national regulation and the statuto (constitution of the university). The Rettore is styled and formally greeted as Magnifico Rettore (Magnificent Rector). In the Netherlands, the rector is the principal of a high school. The rector is supported by conrectors (deputy rectors who can take his place). In Dutch universities, the Rector Magnificus
300-690: A university or a secondary school . Outside the English-speaking world , the rector is often the most senior official in a university, while in the United States, the equivalent is often referred to as the president , and in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations , the equivalent is the vice-chancellor . The term and office of a rector can be referred to as a rectorate. The title is used widely in universities in Europe and
360-427: A classical orientation and the responsibility for secondary education as well. Between 1891 and 1922, Government Science College, Jabalpur , the oldest science college of India was affiliated to the university. By 1904 the university established its own teaching departments and instituted doctoral research programs. The University Senate hall was opened by the lieutenant-governor, Sir John Hewett, in 1912. In 1921, with
420-481: A few universities have used rector as the title of their head: Prior to their conversion to universities, polytechnics often had the rector as the head of the establishment; following their transition to universities, the rector became the vice-chancellor. In Scotland, the position of rector exists in the four ancient universities ( St Andrews , Glasgow , Aberdeen and Edinburgh ) as well as at Dundee , which took its governance systems from its early connections to
480-725: A few universities the Rector is chosen indirectly; the members of the modern Claustro (a sort of electoral college or parliament in which all the above-mentioned groups are represented) is chosen first, and then the Claustro selects the Rector. Rectors hold their office for four years before another election is held, and there is no limit to the number of re-election terms. However, only the most charismatic and respected rectors have been able to hold their office for more than two or three terms. Of those, some have been notable Spanish scholars, such as Basque writer Miguel de Unamuno , Rector of
540-475: A rector to have been a doctor for at least six years before his election, and to have achieved professor status, holding it in the same university for which he is running. Usually, when running for election, the rector will need to have chosen the vice-rectors ( vicerrectores in Spanish), who will occupy several sub-offices in the university. Rectors are elected directly by free and secret universal suffrage of all
600-691: A score of 2.84 CGPA. The university was ranked 401–450 in Asia by the QS World University Rankings of 2020. They have various journals published consistently. They also feature a scholarly journal in collaboration with Sage Publications known as the Psychology and Developing Societies . Central university (India) Central universities in India are public universities established by an Act of Parliament and are under
660-688: A university (called faculties ) are headed by deans . As in most Commonwealth and British-influenced countries, the term "rector" is not commonly used in English in Canada outside Quebec. Quebec's francophone universities (e.g., Université de Montréal ) use the term ( recteur or rectrice in French) to designate the head of the institution. In addition, the historically French-Catholic, and now bilingual, Saint Paul University in Ottawa , Ontario uses
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#1732776654049720-652: Is Leyla Hussein the political activist and first Black female to hold the position. Some Scottish high school/ secondary school have a head teacher whose official title is Rector , an example being Bell Baxter High School in Cupar , Fife . The rector is the head of most universities and other higher educational institutions in at least parts of Central and Eastern Europe, such as Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Hungary and Ukraine. The rector's deputies are known as "pro-rectors". Individual departments of
780-406: Is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets. In November 2020, Professor Sangita Srivastava was appointed as the new regular vice chancellor of Allahabad University. She was the first woman elected to this post at the university. The following colleges are component of Allahabad University: Allahabad University has been accessed and accredited to grade "B++" by NAAC with
840-425: Is responsible for the scientific vision and quality of the university. The rector magnificus is one of the members of the executive board of a university. The rector magnificus is a full professor . The ceremonial responsibilities of the rector magnificus are to open the academic year , and to preside over the ceremonial PhD defenses and inaugural lectures of newly appointed (full) professors. During PhD defenses
900-477: Is spread around the city of Prayagraj across the area of Old Katra and Bank Road. It consists of major five faculties, namely Science, Arts, commerce, law, management faculties with the arts faculty housing the Administrative Block of Chatham Lines. It has numerous residential hostels for students. The president of India is the visitor and the governor of Uttar Pradesh is the chief rector of
960-589: Is the Chancellor , who appoints a Vice-Chancellor to deputise in the awarding of degrees . The Principal of each university is, by convention , appointed as Vice-Chancellor, however the position of Vice-Chancellor does not confer any other powers or responsibility on the Principal. The authority to serve as chief executive of each university is vested in the office of Principal, who holds both offices referred to as Principal and Vice-Chancellor . The role of
1020-523: Is the head of the university and Rappresentante Legale (Legal representative) of the university. The rector is elected by an electoral body composed of all Professori ordinari ed associati (full and associate professors), the two highest ranks of the Italian university faculty, all the Ricercatori (lowest rank of departments) and representatives of the staff, students and PhD students. The term of
1080-454: Is the highest administrative and educational office in a university, equivalent to that of president or chancellor of an English-speaking university but holding all the powers of a vice-chancellor; they are thus the head of the academy at universities. Formally styled as Excelentísimo e Ilustrísimo Señor Profesor Doctor Don N, Rector Magnífico de la Universidad de X ("Most Excellent and Illustrious Lord Professor Doctor Don N, Rector Magnificus of
1140-421: Is the title used in referring to the heads of universities, gymnasiums , schools of commerce and construction, etc. Generally rektor may be used for the head of any educational institution above the primary school level, where the head is commonly referred to as a 'skoleinspektør' (Headmaster; Inspector of the school). In universities, the second-ranked official of governance is known as prorektor . In Finland,
1200-467: Is usually styled according to academic protocol as Excelentísimo e Ilustrísimo Señor Profesor Doctor Don (Rector's name), Rector Magnífico de la Universidad de Salamanca ("The Most Excellent and Most Illustrious Lord Professor Doctor Don (Rector's name), Rector Magnificus of the University of Salamanca"). In Spain , Rector or Rector Magnífico (magnific rector, from Latin Rector Magnificus )
1260-703: Is very common in Latin American countries. It is also used in Brunei , Macau , Turkey , Russia , Pakistan , the Philippines , Indonesia , Israel and the Middle East . In the ancient universities of Scotland the office is sometimes referred to as Lord Rector, is the third most senior official, and is usually responsible for chairing the University Court . In a few "Crown lands" of
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#17327766540491320-541: The Central Universities Act, 2009 , which regulates their purpose, powers, governance etc., and established 12 new universities. As of June 2023, the list of central universities published by the UGC includes 56 central universities. The region with the most central universities in India is Delhi with seven universities. There are central universities in all of the states of India except Goa . Of
1380-547: The University of Salamanca from 1901 until 1936. Rektor is the title for the highest-ranked administrative and educational leader for an academic institution, such as a primary school, secondary school, private school, high school, college or university. The rektors of state-run colleges and universities are formally appointed by the government, i.e. the cabinet, but upon the advice of the concerned institution's board, and usually following some sort of democratic process at
1440-594: The rector of the University of Aberdeen is Maggie Chapman , a Member of the Scottish Parliament for the Scottish Greens . The rector of the University of Dundee is the long-distance cyclist Mark Beaumont . The rector of Edinburgh is Debora Kayembe . The rector of the University of Glasgow is Ghassan Abu-Sittah . Elected in November 2020, the rector of the University of St Andrews
1500-550: The rektor is titled rector magnificus (men), or rectrix magnifica (women). Younger universities have in more recent years started using the Latin honorary title in formal situations, such as in honorary speeches or graduation ceremonies. The University Chancellor of Sweden was until 2017 the title of the head of the government accrediting agency, the National Agency for Higher Education . From 2017, this position carries
1560-491: The union territories , there are central universities in Delhi , Jammu and Kashmir , Ladakh and Puducherry . The establishment Act of universities established by the Central Universities Act, 2009 , or after it, is noted. All other universities were established by a specific Act. Chief rector A rector ( Latin for 'ruler') is a senior official in an educational institution , and can refer to an official in either
1620-781: The Austrian Empire, one seat in the Landtag (regional legislature of semi-feudal type) was reserved for the rector of the capital's university, notably: Graz in Steiermark (Styria), Innsbruck in Tirol , Wien (Vienna) in Nieder-Österreich (Lower Austria); in Bohemia , two Rectors had seats in the equivalent Landesvertretung. Today, Austrian universities are headed by a Rectorate consisting of one Rector (elected by
1680-514: The Faculty of Arts, Commerce, Science, and Law. In view of these achievements, as well as its position among the universities of Uttar Pradesh, the state government accorded it formal recognition in July 1992 as a 'premier institution' ( Vishesh Agrani Sanstha ). During the university's centenary celebrations in 1987 there were demands from students, faculty, and employees for the granting of status as
1740-471: The Pope, as e.g. the rector of the University of Coimbra , the oldest Portuguese university, is referred to as Magnífico Reitor (Rector's name) ("Rector Magnificus (Rector's Name)"). The others are referred to as Excelentíssimo Senhor Reitor . The rector of a university is helped by vice-rectors and by pro-rectors, with different responsibilities. Until 1974, the director of each lyceum (high school) also had
1800-632: The University of St Andrews. The current office of Rector, sometimes termed Lord Rector , was instituted by the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 , passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom . With the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889 requiring an election for the Rector every 3 years in the ancient universities . The rector is the third-ranking official of university governance and is elected every three years by matriculated students at Aberdeen, Dundee, Glasgow and St Andrews, and by both
1860-471: The University of X"), it is an office of high dignity within Spanish society, usually being highly respected. It is not strange to see them appear in the media, especially when some academic-related subject is being discussed and their opinion is requested. Spanish rectors are chosen from within the body of university full professors ( Catedráticos in Spanish); it is compulsory for anyone aspiring to become
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1920-539: The Universitätsrat) and 3-5 additional Vizerectors. The Rector is the CEO of the university. The head of Belgian universities is called a president , recteur (French-speaking universities), rector (Dutch-speaking universities), previously rector magnificus (men) or rectrix magnifica (women). The heads of Czech universities are called the rektor . The rector acts in the name of the university and decides
1980-675: The announcement of the Allahabad University Act of 1921, the Muir Central College merged with the university, which was reorganized as a unitary teaching and residential university. Over the next few years its affiliated colleges were transferred to Agra University and the task of conducting secondary-level examinations was relocated. In 1951, the university (while maintaining its fundamental unitary character) recognized certain local institutions as associated colleges authorized to teach undergraduate courses under
2040-465: The case of private universities the rule is regulated by university statute. In Portugal , the Rector ( Portuguese : Reitor male or Reitora female), frequently addressed as Magnificent Rector ( Magnífico Reitor in Portuguese), is the elected highest official of each university , governing and representing the university. Those universities whose foundation has been historically approved by
2100-414: The concerned institution. The adjunct of a rektor at a university is called a prorektor and is appointed by the institution's board. Some institutions also have vicerektorer (vice rectors), who are appointed by the rektor to carry out a sub-set of the rektor's tasks. A vicerektor is subordinate to the rektor and prorektor . In the older universities, Uppsala university and Lund university ,
2160-573: The extent determined by the Rector. Rectors' salaries are determined directly by the Minister of Education. Among the most important rectors of Czech universities were reformer Jan Hus , physician Jan Jesenius , theologian Rodrigo de Arriaga and representative of Enlightenment Josef Vratislav Monse . Jiřina Popelová ( Palacký University of Olomouc ) became the first female Rector in 1950. The rectors are addressed "Your Magnificence Rector" ( "Vaše Magnificence pane rektore" ). In Danish, rektor
2220-429: The fur). Rectors of military universities wear only an officer's uniform and a necklace with symbols of the university. As of 2008, the term of office of the rector of public universities lasts for four years (previously three years), beginning on 1 September in an election year and ending on 31 August of the year in which the term ends. A person may not be elected to serve as rector for more than two consecutive terms. In
2280-410: The head of a primary school or secondary schools is called a rector ( rehtori ) provided the school is of sufficient size in terms of faculty and students, otherwise the title is headmaster ( koulunjohtaja ). The head of some Finnish universities is called chancellor ( kansleri ). The head of a German university is called either Rektor (rector) or Präsident (president). The difference is usually that
2340-440: The idea of a Central University at Allahabad , which later evolved to the present university. Its Central University status was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India . The foundation stone of the Muir Central College was laid by Governor-General of India , Lord Northbrook on 9 December 1873. The college was named after Sir William Muir , Lt. Governor of United Province , who
2400-404: The main place of work. Rector is referred to as Jego/Jej Magnificencja (en. His/Her Magnificence) (abbreviation: JM). The outfit of rector is red or purple coat (robe) with ermine fur, often with a scepter and a decorative string of symbols of the university. Deputy rectors ( Polish : prorektor ) at official ceremonies are dressed in the same gown , but with fewer decorations (usually without
2460-493: The members of the university, including students, lecturers, readers, researchers, and civil servants. However, the weight of the vote in each academic sector is different: the total student vote usually represents 20% of the whole, no matter how many students there are; the votes of the entire group made up of professors and readers (members of what used to be known as the Claustro ( cloister )) usually count for about 40-50% of
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2520-408: The principal/headmaster of an elementary school; the deputies are called Konrektor . In earlier times, the title Rektor was also used for the head of a Gymnasium . Today, these teachers usually hold the title of Oberstudiendirektor ("Senior Director of Studies"). The rektor is term used for the headmaster or headmistress of Icelandic universities and of some gymnasia . In Italy the rector
2580-465: The pro-rectors ( Prorektor ) and the university's chancellor ( Kanzler ) - collectively the rectorate ( Rektorat ). The rectorate is usually aided by several advisors ( Referent ) who provide advice on specific topics and take over responsibilities in the preparation of decisions, roughly comparable to an associate Pro-Vice-Chancellor in the British academic system. Rektor is also the official title of
2640-785: The purview of the Department of Higher Education in the Ministry of Education , except for nine universities which are under the purview of other ministries. In general, universities in India are recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 . In addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination. Central universities, in addition, are covered by
2700-407: The rector and pro-rector. Traditionally, Norwegian universities and colleges had democratic elections for the rector and pro-rector positions. Since 2016, the institutions may choose to have an elected or an appointed rector. Universities and colleges usually have a university director or college director , who is the head of the administration (i.e., the non-academic employees) and subordinate to
2760-646: The rector is considered by many students to be integral to their ability to shape the universities' agenda, and one of the main functions of the rector is to represent the interests of the student body. To some extent the office of rector has evolved into more of a figurehead role, with a significant number of celebrities and personalities elected as rectors, such as Stephen Fry and Lorraine Kelly at Dundee , Clarissa Dickson Wright at Aberdeen , and John Cleese and Frank Muir at St. Andrews , and political figures, such as Mordechai Vanunu at Glasgow . In many cases, particularly with high-profile rectors, attendance at
2820-446: The rector is usually replaced by another full professor who is acting rector during the session. A rector ( Norwegian : rektor ), in the context of academia, is the democratically elected head of a university or university college. The rector is the highest official of the university, and is traditionally elected among the institution's professorship, originally by all the (full) professors and in modern times by all academic employees,
2880-412: The rectorate. In Poland , the rector ( Polish : rektor ) is the elected head of a university or university college, in military, military type upper educaction institutions name of rector like official is ( Polish : komendant ) (commander). The rector is the highest official of the university . Rector of the university can be a person with at least a doctoral degree, employed by the university as
2940-467: The rectorate. The heads of the universities in Switzerland , usually elected by the college of professors, are titled rector ( Rektor , recteur ). In England, most universities are headed by a chancellor (a ceremonial position) and a vice-chancellor (the academic head). The title of Rector is used at some collegiate universities to refer to the head of college of some colleges. In addition,
3000-486: The students and the non-academic employees. The rector is traditionally the head of the Collegium Academicum , which has been renamed the university board in the 2000s, and is also the university's chief executive and ceremonial head. The elected deputy of the rector is known as pro-rector ( Norwegian : prorektor ). Some institutions also have vice rectors, who are appointed by the rector and subordinate to
3060-603: The students and the staff at Edinburgh. Until the Higher Education Governance (Scotland) Act 2016 came into force the rector chaired meetings of the university court , the governing body of the university, but since 2016 the rector only opens and closes court meetings with the Senior Lay Member chairing the business of the meeting. The titular head of an ancient university in Scotland
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#17327766540493120-563: The term to denote its head. St. Paul's College, the Roman Catholic College of the University of Manitoba, uses the term 'rector' to designate the head of the college. St. Boniface College, the French College of the University of Manitoba, uses 'recteur' or 'rectrice' to designate the head of the college. At the bilingual University of Ottawa , the term president has been used since 2008, but before that time rector
3180-437: The title Director General which is the usual title of the head of a government agency. The people recruited to the position have in later times always been former rektors of a Swedish university. The position does not include leadership of a university. Universities and colleges usually have a Universitetsdirektör or Förvaltningschef , who is the head of the administration (i.e., the non-academic employees) and subordinate to
3240-475: The title of Rector. In Russia , the rector ( Russian : Ректор ) as a term for a university chancellor introduced in 1961. Before 1961 university chancellor had title "director" ( Russian : Директор ). In Spain, all Rectors must be addressed as Señor Rector Magnífico according to the law (Ley Orgánica 4/2007), but the Rector of the University of Salamanca , the oldest on the Iberian Peninsula,
3300-402: The total; lecturers, researchers (including Ph.D. students and others) and non-doctoral teachers, about 20% of the total; and the remainder (usually some 5-10%) is left for non-scholarly workers (people in administration, etc.) in the university. Spanish law allows those percentages to be changed according to the situation of each university, or even not to have a direct election system. Indeed, in
3360-518: The university and to suggest measures for the improvement and development of the university; The Executive Council is the highest executive body of the university. The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the university and is responsible for the co-ordination and exercising general supervision over the academic policies of the university. It has the right to advise the Executive Council on all academic matters. The Finance Committee
3420-587: The university court in person is rare; the Rector nominates an individual (normally a member of the student body) with the title of Rector's Assessor , who sits as a voting member of the University Court. The Rt. Hon. Gordon Brown , the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , was Rector of the University of Edinburgh while a student there, but since then most universities have amended their procedures to disqualify currently matriculated students from standing for election. As of January 2018 ,
3480-724: The university's affairs unless prohibited by law. The rector is nominated by the University Academic Senate and appointed by the President of the Czech Republic . The nomination must be agreed by a simple majority of all senators, while a dismissal must be agreed by at least three fifths of all senators. The vote to elect or repeal a rector is secret. The term of office is four years and a person may hold it for at most two consecutive terms. The rector appoints vice-rectors ( pro-rektor ), who act as deputies to
3540-609: The university. The chancellor is the ceremonial head of the university while the executive powers rest with the vice-chancellor . The Court, the Executive Council, the Academic Council, the Board of Faculties and the Finance Committee are the administrative authorities of the university. The University Court is the supreme authority of the university and has the power to review, the broad policies and programs of
3600-729: Was the key person in its foundation. The building was designed by William Emerson , who also designed Victoria Memorial in Kolkata and Crawford Market in Mumbai in a combination of Indo-Saracenic , Egyptian and Gothic styles. Initially, it functioned under the University of Calcutta and later, on 23 September 1887, the University of Allahabad was established, making it the fifth university established in colonial India after Calcutta university, Bombay university, Madras university, and Lahore's Punjab university. It began as an affiliating and examining body for graduate and postgraduate degrees with
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