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76-739: The Allard J2 is a sports roadster that was made by Allard . The J2 was mainly intended for the American market. Since 1981, replicas of the later J2X have been manufactured by a succession of companies in Canada, whilst a continuation of the original models is also now being produced in the UK. The standard J2 engine in Britain was the 3.6 L flathead V8 engine from the Ford Pilot , delivering 85 hp. A 4.4 L Mercury V8, delivering 110 hp

152-534: A force is allowed to act through a distance, it is doing mechanical work . Similarly, if torque is allowed to act through an angular displacement, it is doing work. Mathematically, for rotation about a fixed axis through the center of mass , the work W can be expressed as W = ∫ θ 1 θ 2 τ   d θ , {\displaystyle W=\int _{\theta _{1}}^{\theta _{2}}\tau \ \mathrm {d} \theta ,} where τ

228-434: A 112-inch wheelbase and was offered with 3.6-litre Ford Pilot V8 and 4.4-litre Mercury V8 engines. 11 were built. In an attempt to further extend its line, Allard adapted its P1 saloon to produce the 8-seater, wood-sided , V8-engined, P2 Safari Estate. It too found weak sales, with 13 examples being built in total. The M appeared in 1948, remaining in production until 1950. It was a drophead coupé. The 1953 Clipper

304-453: A 600-hp 6.1-liter Hemi, a Chevrolet 350, Cadillac Northstar or Ford 351. The 0-60 time is 4.5 seconds and the quarter mile time is 12 seconds at 110 mph. Power is transferred through a Tremec TKO five-speed manual transmission. The price for the J2X is $ 138,500. In 2012, a new Allard company, Allard Sports Cars, was formed by Lloyd Allard, and announced they would be making new versions of

380-476: A Bugatti. The V8 was moved backward in the chassis to improve traction. The car used the American engine's high torque to great effect in slow-speed competition. It debuted at the Gloucester Cup Trials, and later won the 100 miles (160 km) event at Southport Sands. After a time the front beam axle was converted to independent front suspension . Leslie Ballamy 's rather crude method

456-519: A decade. It produced approximately 1900 cars before it became insolvent and ceased trading in 1958. Before the war, Allard supplied some replicas of a Bugatti-tailed special of his own design from Adlards Motors in Putney . Allards featured large American V8 engines in a light British chassis and body, giving a high power-to-weight ratio and foreshadowing the Sunbeam Tiger and AC Cobra of

532-476: A few gauges. For the 1952 Le Mans 24-hours race , new rule changes required fully enclosed wheels. Allard quickly developed new, barchetta -style bodywork to meet the regulations and called the resulting car the J2X Le Mans. Between nine and fourteen such cars were built, fitted with various American V8 engines as per Allard practice. While one of the fastest Allards ever, the design was past its time and

608-426: A line growing obsolete in the face of advances in sports car design, Allard introduced an 'improved' model in late 1951, the J2X (extended). The chassis remained unchanged from the previous J2, but in an attempt to improve handling, the front suspension's rear attaching radius rods were redesigned with forward ones, which required a forward cross member and extending the nose past the front wheels. This, in turn, allowed

684-444: A low-volume car, and demand was high for cars in general, which led to the introduction of several larger models, the drophead coupe M and P . Allard used "J" for the short-wheelbase two-seaters, "K" for two- or three-seat tourers or roadsters, "L" for four-seat tourers, "M" for drophead (convertible) coupes, and "P" for fixed-head cars. As models were replaced, subsequent models were numbered sequentially. Built from 1946 to 1947,

760-525: A new record at the Prescott hillclimb . In 1937, Allard began producing modified Fords (in much the same way as the Chevrolet brothers had in the U.S.), selling them for £ 450 each. By the outbreak of war in 1939, twelve Allard Specials had been built. Sydney Allard's planned volume production was pre-empted by work on Ford-based trucks during the conflict. By the war's end , Allard had built up

836-534: A niche in either market in spite of its performance. Today the exceptionally rare automobile can fetch the better part of US$ 250,000 at auction. 62 examples were built, of which 57 were delivered to the United States. The L is a 4-seat roadster, produced from 1946 to 1950. It was on a 112-inch (2.8 m) wheelbase and available with a choice of 3622 cc (221.0 cu in) Ford V8 or 4375 cc (267.0 cu in) Mercury engines. The top speed

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912-560: A simple hood. There was also a competition version without the intrusion of modern bumpers and with a shorter windscreen. A right-hand drive version was available for British buyers. Allard's son Alan fully approved of the car, even taking on the European distribution. A total of 250 units were planned. Roger P Allard's, Allard Motor Works, located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, builds what their website calls "a modern hand-crafted version of

988-762: A single point particle is: L = r × p {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} =\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {p} } where p is the particle's linear momentum and r is the position vector from the origin. The time-derivative of this is: d L d t = r × d p d t + d r d t × p . {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {L} }{\mathrm {d} t}}=\mathbf {r} \times {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {p} }{\mathrm {d} t}}+{\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {r} }{\mathrm {d} t}}\times \mathbf {p} .} This result can easily be proven by splitting

1064-515: A substantial inventory of Ford parts. The Allard Motor Company was founded in 1945, setting up in Clapham High Street, London. Using its inventory of easy-to-service Ford mechanicals built up during World War II and bodywork of Allard's own design, three post-war models were introduced with a newly designed steel chassis and lightweight body shells: the J, a competition sports car; the K, a slightly larger car intended for road use, and

1140-554: A time when sports racing car design was developing rapidly, the J2X was not as successful in international racing as the J2, as it was not as competitive compared to more advanced C- and D-type Jaguars, alongside Mercedes, Ferrari, and Maserati works entries. Thus, it headlined less often in major international races and of 199 documented major race starts in the 9 years between 1952 and 1960, J2X's garnered 12 first-place finishes; 11 seconds; 17 thirds; 14 fourths; and 10 fifths. One J2X chassis

1216-648: Is a general proof for point particles, but it can be generalized to a system of point particles by applying the above proof to each of the point particles and then summing over all the point particles. Similarly, the proof can be generalized to a continuous mass by applying the above proof to each point within the mass, and then integrating over the entire mass. In physics , rotatum is the derivative of torque with respect to time P = d τ d t , {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} ={\frac {\mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\tau }}}{\mathrm {d} t}},} where τ

1292-459: Is better to use a term which treats this action as a single definite entity than to use terms like " couple " and " moment ", which suggest more complex ideas. The single notion of a twist applied to turn a shaft is better than the more complex notion of applying a linear force (or a pair of forces) with a certain leverage. Today, torque is referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study. This article follows

1368-762: Is determined by the right-hand rule. Therefore any force directed parallel to the particle's position vector does not produce a torque. The magnitude of torque applied to a rigid body depends on three quantities: the force applied, the lever arm vector connecting the point about which the torque is being measured to the point of force application, and the angle between the force and lever arm vectors. In symbols: τ = r × F ⟹ τ = r F ⊥ = r F sin ⁡ θ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}=\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {F} \implies \tau =rF_{\perp }=rF\sin \theta } where The SI unit for torque

1444-517: Is estimated to be 85 mph (137 km/h). Priced at a little more than £1000, 191 were produced. Known more often than not simply as the Allard 3.6-litre Saloon, the P1 was a five-seat, two-door sports saloon produced between 1949 and 1952. The cars used Ford engines and transmissions, and included a "Sports" model. In 1952 an Allard P1, driven by Sydney Allard himself, along with Guy Warburton, won

1520-830: Is now a development of social housing apartments, and the showroom and workshop in Putney is now a Howdens Joinery trade products showroom. In 2012, a new Allard company was established called Allard Sports Cars Limited. This company has produced a period correct continuation chassis 3408 of the JR, and announced the development of a new J8 model in 2017. The company officially reopened its business and began production in September 2018. Twite, Mike (1974). "Allard: Twenty Years Before his Time". In Ward, Ian (ed.). The World of Automobiles . Vol. 1. London: Orbis. Torque The term torque (from Latin torquēre , 'to twist')

1596-571: Is said to have been suggested by James Thomson and appeared in print in April, 1884. Usage is attested the same year by Silvanus P. Thompson in the first edition of Dynamo-Electric Machinery . Thompson motivates the term as follows: Just as the Newtonian definition of force is that which produces or tends to produce motion (along a line), so torque may be defined as that which produces or tends to produce torsion (around an axis). It

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1672-425: Is the moment of inertia of the body and ω is its angular speed . Power is the work per unit time , given by P = τ ⋅ ω , {\displaystyle P={\boldsymbol {\tau }}\cdot {\boldsymbol {\omega }},} where P is power, τ is torque, ω is the angular velocity , and ⋅ {\displaystyle \cdot } represents

1748-405: Is the newton-metre (N⋅m). For more on the units of torque, see § Units . The net torque on a body determines the rate of change of the body's angular momentum , τ = d L d t {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}={\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {L} }{\mathrm {d} t}}} where L is the angular momentum vector and t

1824-1748: Is time. For the motion of a point particle, L = I ω , {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} =I{\boldsymbol {\omega }},} where I = m r 2 {\textstyle I=mr^{2}} is the moment of inertia and ω is the orbital angular velocity pseudovector. It follows that τ n e t = I 1 ω 1 ˙ e 1 ^ + I 2 ω 2 ˙ e 2 ^ + I 3 ω 3 ˙ e 3 ^ + I 1 ω 1 d e 1 ^ d t + I 2 ω 2 d e 2 ^ d t + I 3 ω 3 d e 3 ^ d t = I ω ˙ + ω × ( I ω ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}_{\mathrm {net} }=I_{1}{\dot {\omega _{1}}}{\hat {\boldsymbol {e_{1}}}}+I_{2}{\dot {\omega _{2}}}{\hat {\boldsymbol {e_{2}}}}+I_{3}{\dot {\omega _{3}}}{\hat {\boldsymbol {e_{3}}}}+I_{1}\omega _{1}{\frac {d{\hat {\boldsymbol {e_{1}}}}}{dt}}+I_{2}\omega _{2}{\frac {d{\hat {\boldsymbol {e_{2}}}}}{dt}}+I_{3}\omega _{3}{\frac {d{\hat {\boldsymbol {e_{3}}}}}{dt}}=I{\boldsymbol {\dot {\omega }}}+{\boldsymbol {\omega }}\times (I{\boldsymbol {\omega }})} using

1900-451: Is torque, and θ 1 and θ 2 represent (respectively) the initial and final angular positions of the body. It follows from the work–energy principle that W also represents the change in the rotational kinetic energy E r of the body, given by E r = 1 2 I ω 2 , {\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {r} }={\tfrac {1}{2}}I\omega ^{2},} where I

1976-818: Is torque. This word is derived from the Latin word rotātus meaning 'to rotate', but the term rotatum is not universally recognized but is commonly used. There is not a universally accepted lexicon to indicate the successive derivatives of rotatum, even if sometimes various proposals have been made. Using the cross product definition of torque, an alternative expression for rotatum is: P = r × d F d t + d r d t × F . {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} =\mathbf {r} \times {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {F} }{\mathrm {d} t}}+{\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {r} }{\mathrm {d} t}}\times \mathbf {F} .} Because

2052-506: Is valid for any type of trajectory. In some simple cases like a rotating disc, where only the moment of inertia on rotating axis is, the rotational Newton's second law can be τ = I α {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}=I{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}} where α = ω ˙ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\alpha }}={\dot {\boldsymbol {\omega }}}} . The definition of angular momentum for

2128-624: Is zero because velocity and momentum are parallel, so the second term vanishes. Therefore, torque on a particle is equal to the first derivative of its angular momentum with respect to time. If multiple forces are applied, according Newton's second law it follows that d L d t = r × F n e t = τ n e t . {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {L} }{\mathrm {d} t}}=\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {F} _{\mathrm {net} }={\boldsymbol {\tau }}_{\mathrm {net} }.} This

2204-529: The 1950 24 Hours of Le Mans .They achieved this even though the first and second gears of the 3-speed gearbox were broken Of 313 documented starts in major races in the 9 years between 1949 and 1957, J2s compiled a list of 40 first-place finishes; 32 seconds; 30 thirds; 25 fourths; and 10 fifth-place finishes.[4] Both Zora Duntov (the father of the Corvette) and Carroll Shelby (the father of the Cobra) raced J2s in

2280-421: The lever's fulcrum (the length of the lever arm ) is its torque. Therefore, torque is defined as the product of the magnitude of the perpendicular component of the force and the distance of the line of action of a force from the point around which it is being determined. In three dimensions, the torque is a pseudovector ; for point particles , it is given by the cross product of the displacement vector and

2356-414: The scalar product . Algebraically, the equation may be rearranged to compute torque for a given angular speed and power output. The power injected by the torque depends only on the instantaneous angular speed – not on whether the angular speed increases, decreases, or remains constant while the torque is being applied (this is equivalent to the linear case where the power injected by a force depends only on

Allard J2 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2432-641: The 9 years between 1952 and 1960, J2X's garnered 12 first-place finishes; 11 seconds; 17 thirds; 14 fourths; and 10 fifth places. Overall, both cars epitomize the pinnacle of the Allard Motor Company and are generally the car design thought of when the name Allard is mentioned. Allard Motor Company Allard Motor Company Limited was a London-based low-volume car manufacturer founded in 1945 by Sydney Allard in small premises in Clapham, south-west London. Car manufacture almost ceased within

2508-581: The Allard trailing link, transverse leaf independent front suspension and live rear axle. Production totaled 151 and fitted with the same engine options as the J1 the K1 could reach 86–90 mph (140–145 km/h). The K2 is a 2-seater sports car produced from 1950 to 1952. It was offered with Ford and Mercury V8s in the home market and with Chrysler and Cadillac V8s in the USA. 119 were built. In 1952, Allard adapted

2584-479: The J1 was released as a two-seater competition car together with the K1 touring two-seater and the L- Type touring 4-seater. The J1 was a starkly trimmed and equipped 2-seater competition car on a 100 in (2,500 mm) wheelbase. Powered by a 140 hp (100 kW; 140 PS) 3,917 cc (239.0 cu in) overhead valve Mercury V8, the J1 had a top speed of 85 mph (137 km/h), limited by

2660-445: The J2 engine had been. This did a few things beside improving the weight distribution: it gave the driver more leg room, and also facilitated easy identification between the two models J2 and J2X ("X" for extended). The longer nose sticks out beyond the front wheels (unlike the J2 where the nose stops even with the front of the front tires) and this is the easiest way to differentiate between the two. The J2X also had side access panels for

2736-603: The J2X. Unlike the Canadian versions, which are new designs based on the original, the British cars are continuations of the original designs. The company officially reopened its business and began production in September 2018. In 1951, Bill Pollack drove an Allard J2 with a Cadillac V8 to victory at the Pebble Beach Road Race. Sydney Allard and Tom Cole drove a J2 with a Cadillac engine to third place in

2812-539: The Monte Carlo Rally. Tom Lush was the navigator. The P1 was the choice of professionals who wanted something different and was quite popular with doctors and solicitors in its day. Some 559 were produced during the model's run. Today it is believed fewer than 45 remain worldwide. The P2 Monte Carlo was a 2-door saloon variant of the K3, produced from 1952 to 1955. It utilised a wood frame with aluminium panels on

2888-549: The P4 did little to help the J2X-C program, which collapsed after the car failed to meet its performance targets and the company itself liquidating during development. Insufficient research and development meant that Allard failed to keep up with cheaper and more technically advanced cars. The Palm Beach was essentially a year behind its competitors, the K3 failed to live up to expectations, and

2964-498: The Palm Beach in a K3 , an attempt to offer a more civilized variant of the J2 and J2X models seen at the track. Exported to America as a potential "Corvette slayer" Dodge dealers had been clamoring for, it featured one of the most powerful engines of its era, the 331 cu in (5,420 cc) Chrysler hemi engine , fitted with a pair of 4-barrel carburetors. Essentially an up-enginged, rebodied Palm Beach, it failed to find

3040-615: The Safari Estate could not find a market. By the mid-1950s Allard was struggling to remain solvent, and with the market weak due to a late-1950s US recession, the company went into administration in 1957, when manufacture of cars came to an end. The company also offered disc brake conversions for the Ford Anglia . In 1961, the company offered a dragster , the Dragon, powered by a Shorrock - supercharged 1.5 liter Ford, and

3116-721: The above expression for work, , gives W = ∫ s 1 s 2 F ⋅ d θ × r {\displaystyle W=\int _{s_{1}}^{s_{2}}\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}\times \mathbf {r} } The expression inside the integral is a scalar triple product F ⋅ d θ × r = r × F ⋅ d θ {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} \cdot \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}\times \mathbf {r} =\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {F} \cdot \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}} , but as per

Allard J2 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3192-465: The coachbuilding company A.H.A. Manufacturing Company Limited, characterized their effort as a revival rather than a recreation, although a number of changes were carried out compared to the original design. The wheels on the J2X2 are considerably smaller than period pieces, the bodywork is in a mix of aluminium and fibreglass, the steering rack was swapped to a rack and pinion unit, while the front suspension

3268-439: The definition of torque, and since the parameter of integration has been changed from linear displacement to angular displacement, the equation becomes W = ∫ θ 1 θ 2 τ ⋅ d θ {\displaystyle W=\int _{\theta _{1}}^{\theta _{2}}{\boldsymbol {\tau }}\cdot \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}} If

3344-557: The definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque . In the UK and in US mechanical engineering , torque is referred to as moment of force , usually shortened to moment . This terminology can be traced back to at least 1811 in Siméon Denis Poisson 's Traité de mécanique . An English translation of Poisson's work appears in 1842. A force applied perpendicularly to a lever multiplied by its distance from

3420-411: The derivative of a vector is d e i ^ d t = ω × e i ^ {\displaystyle {d{\boldsymbol {\hat {e_{i}}}} \over dt}={\boldsymbol {\omega }}\times {\boldsymbol {\hat {e_{i}}}}} This equation is the rotational analogue of Newton's second law for point particles, and

3496-459: The design aspects while Lexus covered all the performance essentials. That meant the P4 was powered by the LS400's 4.0 liter V8, which delivered 250 horsepower to the rear wheels. The exterior styling still retained a robust Lexus flavor. Still, Allard designers tried to make it somewhat different thanks to a revised front and rear fascia, basketweave wheels, and a red and black interior. Unfortunately,

3572-430: The early 1950s. Arriving later during a time when sports racing car design was developing rapidly, the J2X was not as successful in international racing as the J2, as it was not as competitive when compared to more advanced C and later D type Jaguars with disc brakes, alongside Mercedes, Ferrari, and Maserati works entries. Thus, it headlined less often in major international races and of 199 documented major race starts in

3648-401: The early 1960s. Cobra designer Carroll Shelby and Chevrolet Corvette chief engineer Zora Arkus-Duntov both drove Allards in the early 1950s. The first Allard cars were built to compete in "trials" events – timed rally-like events on terrain almost impassable by wheeled vehicles. Built in under three weeks, the first Allard was powered by a Ford flathead V8 in a body mainly pirated from

3724-470: The engine and most models came with a standardized wide flat hood scoop, unlike the J2s where each one has a different custom built hood arrangement. Also offered as an option was a differential with quick-change ratios, and a larger fuel tank. Its 170 hp engine could propel the car from 0-60 in 10 seconds and gave the J2X a top speed of 111.6 mph. 83 J2Xs were built. The interior remained simple with only

3800-448: The engine to be moved forward 7 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (190 mm), yielding more cockpit room. The nose was lengthened some 6 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (170 mm) to accommodate the change. In standard form, the spare wheel was carried hidden on top of the rear-mounted fuel tank, but either version could carry one or two side-mounted spares. This allowed the use of a 40 gallon long distance fuel tank. Arriving later, during

3876-491: The factory Allard team at Le Mans in 1952 and 1953. Available both in street trim and stripped down for racing, the J2 proved successful in competition on both sides of the Atlantic, including a third place overall at Le Mans in 1950 (co-driven by Tom Cole and Allard himself ) at an average 87.74 mph (141.20 km/h), powered by a Cadillac V8. J2s returned to Le Mans in 1951, one co-driven again by Cole and Allard,

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3952-540: The famed British competition roadster that stirred crowds in Europe and North America", known as the J2X MkII. While looking similar to the original J2X, its glass-fibre body is dimensionally dissimilar and the chassis and drive-train are entirely different. Aside from the badges, few if any parts are transferable between this and a Sydney Allard built car. Roger Allard and Allard Motor Works are not connected or related to

4028-461: The first-generation Lexus LS400 be rebadged and sold as Allards to help build attention and capital for the J2X-C racer. According to sources from the time, the deal between Allard and Toyota was allegedly proceeding well, but fizzled and ultimately fell flat for unknown reasons. The Allard P4 follows the same formula as another re-styled Anglo-Japanese hybrid, the Sterling 825, with Allard handling

4104-454: The force vector. The direction of the torque can be determined by using the right hand grip rule : if the fingers of the right hand are curled from the direction of the lever arm to the direction of the force, then the thumb points in the direction of the torque. It follows that the torque vector is perpendicular to both the position and force vectors and defines the plane in which the two vectors lie. The resulting torque vector direction

4180-479: The four seater L. All three were based on the Ford Pilot chassis and powered by a fairly stock 85 hp (63 kW; 86 PS) 3,622 cc (221.0 cu in) sidevalve V8 with a single carburettor and 6:1 compression, driving a three-speed transmission and low-geared rearend, for superior acceleration. Front suspension was Ballamy swing axle, rear Ford solid axle. They were bodied in aluminium by Allard's friend Godfrey Imhof . Sales were fairly brisk for

4256-568: The infinitesimal linear displacement d s {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {s} } is related to a corresponding angular displacement d θ {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}} and the radius vector r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } as d s = d θ × r {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {s} =\mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}\times \mathbf {r} } Substitution in

4332-586: The instantaneous speed – not on the resulting acceleration, if any). The work done by a variable force acting over a finite linear displacement s {\displaystyle s} is given by integrating the force with respect to an elemental linear displacement d s {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} \mathbf {s} } W = ∫ s 1 s 2 F ⋅ d s {\displaystyle W=\int _{s_{1}}^{s_{2}}\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {s} } However,

4408-417: The last car finished in 1956. Built from 1946 to 1948, the K1 used a 106 in (2,700 mm) wheelbase and was powered by a tuned version of the 221 cu in (3,622 cc) V8, with 7:1 compression, producing 95 hp (71 kW; 96 PS). The frame was made up from stamped steel channel sections by Thomsons of Wolverton specially for Allard. Side rails and cross members were designed to fit

4484-471: The low rear axle gearing. Only 12 were produced and went only to buyers who would rally them. They had good ground clearance and the front wings were removable. Copies driven by Allard himself, Maurice Wick, and others, and was a successful racer. Imhof won the 1947 Lisbon Rally in a J1 powered by a Marshall-supercharged version, while Leonard Potter took the Coupe des Alpes that year. Sydney Allard soon saw

4560-721: The option of an Ardun hemi conversion . The J2 had a disturbing tendency to catch fire when started. Importing American engines just to ship them back across the Atlantic proved problematic, so U.S.-bound Allards were soon shipped engineless and fitted out in the States variously with newer overhead valve engines by Cadillac, Chrysler, Buick, and Oldsmobile. In that form, the J2 proved a highly competitive international race car for 1950, most frequently powered by 331 cu in (5.4 L) Cadillac engines. Domestic versions for England came equipped with Ford or Mercury flatheads. Zora Duntov worked for Allard from 1950 to 1952 and raced for

4636-495: The original Allard company or Sydney Allard in London England. The 'J2X MKII' is a fibreglass bodied lookalike in the spirit of the original 1951-1954 J2X. Allard engineers hand built the car at a rate of 100 per year, while keeping it in compliance with modern standards for automotive safety. The new J2X has a GM RAM Jet V8 engine that produces about 350 hp and 400 lb/ft of torque . Other engine choices include

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4712-479: The other by Reece and Hitchings; Reece jumped an embankment, while the Allard car broke. They had no more success in 1952, both cars failing to finish. Of 313 documented starts in major races in the 9 years between 1949 and 1957, J2s compiled 40 first-place finishes; 32 seconds; 30 thirds; 25 fourths; and 10 fifth-place finishes. Both Zora Duntov and Carroll Shelby raced J2s in the early 1950s. Ninety J2s were produced between 1950 and 1952. In an effort to extend

4788-513: The potential of the economically more vibrant – but sports car starved – U.S. market and developed a special competition model to tap it, the J2. The new roadster, weighing just 2,072 pounds (940 kg), was a potent combination of a lightweight, hand-formed aluminium body fitted with new coil spring front suspension, fitted with inclined telescopic dampers , and de Dion -type rear axle, inboard rear brakes, and 110 hp (82 kW), 267 cu in (4,375 cc) Mercury flathead V8, with

4864-528: The rate of change of force is yank Y {\textstyle \mathbf {Y} } and the rate of change of position is velocity v {\textstyle \mathbf {v} } , the expression can be further simplified to: P = r × Y + v × F . {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} =\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {Y} +\mathbf {v} \times \mathbf {F} .} The law of conservation of energy can also be used to understand torque. If

4940-410: The rear had a De Dion tube system with coil springs, inboard brakes and a quick-change differential. Ninety J2s were built between 1950 and 1951. In 1952 Allard replaced the J2 with the J2X. It was produced until 1954. In an attempt to improve handling, the J2X had redesigned front suspension arrangement that allowed its engine to be positioned about 18 centimetres (7.1 in) further forward than

5016-875: The torque and the angular displacement are in the same direction, then the scalar product reduces to a product of magnitudes; i.e., τ ⋅ d θ = | τ | | d θ | cos ⁡ 0 = τ d θ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}\cdot \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}=\left|{\boldsymbol {\tau }}\right|\left|\mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}\right|\cos 0=\tau \,\mathrm {d} \theta } giving W = ∫ θ 1 θ 2 τ d θ {\displaystyle W=\int _{\theta _{1}}^{\theta _{2}}\tau \,\mathrm {d} \theta } The principle of moments, also known as Varignon's theorem (not to be confused with

5092-733: The vectors into components and applying the product rule . But because the rate of change of linear momentum is force F {\textstyle \mathbf {F} } and the rate of change of position is velocity v {\textstyle \mathbf {v} } , d L d t = r × F + v × p {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} \mathbf {L} }{\mathrm {d} t}}=\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {F} +\mathbf {v} \times \mathbf {p} } The cross product of momentum p {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} } with its associated velocity v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} }

5168-431: Was also available. American enthusiasts modified their cars by fitting an Oldsmobile , Chrysler , or Cadillac V8 . J2s exported to the United States were shipped without engines. Then, an engine of the buyer's choice installed locally. This proved to be very successful, and the use of American components made it very easy to find parts for Allard's customers. The front suspension was a swing axle with coil springs while

5244-463: Was an attempt to cash in on the era's burgeoning microcar market. A tiny glass-fibre-bodied car powered by a rear-mounted 346 cc Villiers twin-cylinder motorcycle engine, it claimed to seat three people abreast with room for two children in an optional Dicky seat . About 20 were made. Allard introduced the Palm Beach roadster in 1952. It had a 96 in (2,400 mm) wheelbase, it

5320-417: Was changed to a more conventional wishbone design. The brakes were power assisted, and the front drums were replaced by discs . It was available in kit form, or fully built. The fully built version received Chrysler's 5.2-liter V8 engine and a four-speed manual gearbox, although an automatic unit was available. The car also received rudimentary protection from the elements in the form of loose side windows and

5396-477: Was distributor of the superchargers, later also taking over production of them. Allard's son, Alan, marketed the Allardette 105, 109, and 116, using the straight-four-cylinder engine from the Ford Anglia and other Ford models. In 1966 Sydney Allard died on the same night a fire destroyed the Clapham factory and some of the Allard Motor Company factory records. The factory site in Clapham, South West London,

5472-570: Was given custom magnesium-alloy bodywork by Essex Aero . This 1953 car was a lightweight specialist racer, powered by a Cadillac engine claimed to produce 300 hp (220 kW; 300 PS). Entered at Le Mans that year, the Allard/Fotheringham-Parker car suffered a broken rear suspension, while the Duntov/Merrick car also retired. This was the marque's last effort at Le Mans. Seven cars were built in total, with

5548-575: Was never fully competitive in the period. Two cars competed in the 1952 Le Mans, but both cars retired in the fifteenth hour. The best results were a second place in a 1952 Formula Libre race at Snetterton , and a handful of victories in American SCCA races. Beginning their work in 1981, two Canadian enthusiasts in Ontario revived the J2X concept as the J2X2 . Mel Stein and Arnold Korne, who owned

5624-490: Was powered by either a 1,508 cc (92.0 cu in) Ford Consul inline four or 2,622 cc (160.0 cu in) Ford Zephyr inline six. Priced under £1200, the MkI was built until 1958. It sold poorly. A Mark II was introduced in 1956, with more modern bodywork. It could be had with 2,553 cc (155.8 cu in) Zephyr or 3,442 cc (210.0 cu in) Jaguar XK120 inline six. The split front axle

5700-419: Was replaced by torsion bars and coil springs were fitted in the back. Car designer Chris Humberstone licensed the Allard name from Sydney's son Alan Allard in the 1990s. He developed the J2X-C prototype racer, powered by a 3.5 liter Cosworth V8 engine and a transmission also grafted from an F1 car. Short of money, Humberstone allegedly attempted to work a deal with Toyota, which would have seen examples of

5776-455: Was to cut the beam in half and mount the halves as swing axles and these swing axles were used on nearly all later Allard specials. Further Allards were soon built to order. Allard's brother, Leslie, was a customer, while racer Ken Hutchinson purchased a 4.4-litre (270 cu in) Lincoln-Zephyr V12 -powered version. It led to the pair forming a team, dubbed Tail Waggers, to race the car, which proved quite successful, including setting

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