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77-649: The Parti Québécois (PQ), a party that supports the sovereignty of Quebec and the dominant use of French in most areas of public and business life, won a majority in the Quebec National Assembly (the province's legislature) in 1976. The vast majority of Quebec anglophones (i.e., Quebecers who speak English as a first language), who at that time made up approximately 13% of Quebec's population (see Language demographics of Quebec ), did not support this party. Some anglophones formed local lobby groups to promote federalism and argue against new laws such as

154-610: A basic understanding of French before becoming citizens of Quebec. (Note that there are no official citizens of Quebec ; residents of Quebec are citizens of Canada.) Further to her desire to protect French in Quebec, during Marois' visit to France in October 2012, she recommended that the "French elite" conduct themselves only in French on the international scene. However, some of Marois' international critics scoffed at her pretension that

231-572: A brief to the reasonable accommodation commission on minorities, which conducted hearings across the province. The commission briefing looked to reformulate the relations between Quebec's francophone and minority populations. Its task was to be a platform for the PQ's protectionism of French. Marois stated there is nothing dogmatic in Francophones wishing to declare their existence even if it includes developing legislation requiring newcomers to have

308-534: A defeat). Lucien Bouchard , a former member of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney 's Cabinet and later founder of the Bloc Québécois , a federal-level sovereigntist party, succeeded Parizeau as PQ leader, but chose not to call another referendum due to the absence of "winning conditions". Bouchard's government then balanced the provincial budget – a feat achieved in Canada only by the federal government and

385-546: A desire to promote the rights and interests of the English language community while recognizing there were legitimate goals being pursued by the provincial government in promoting the French language, such promotion having strong support in the majority Francophone population. Alliance Quebec's best-known accomplishments from its earliest years included: The group had widespread grassroots volunteer activity in its early years. It formed at least 20 regional chapters, including 8 in

462-512: A few of the ten Canadian provinces at that point – by reducing government spending , including social programs. The PQ was re-elected in the 1998 election , despite receiving fewer votes than the Quebec Liberal Party led by former federal deputy prime minister Jean Charest . Bouchard resigned in 2001, and was succeeded as PQ leader and Quebec Premier by Bernard Landry , a former PQ Finance minister. Under Landry's leadership,

539-532: A fiercely contested race, Péladeau was the frontrunner for much of the campaign, causing Jean-François Lisée to drop out in January 2015, Bernard Drainville to drop out on 22 April 2015, and Pierre Céré to follow Drainville only five days before the leadership election. On 15 May 2015, Pierre Karl Péladeau was elected permanent leader. On 2 May 2016, Péladeau announced that he was retiring from politics to dedicate more time to his family. Jean-François Lisée

616-546: A group known derisively as "angryphones" (mainly members of the tiny Equality Party and some listeners of right wing talk radio shows, particularly the Howard Galganov show). He in turn supported Equality Party members for positions on AQ's board of directors. Unlike previous presidents, he made no attempt to meet with political leaders, preferring to conduct his lobbying through media, such as on radio talk shows. Also unlike previous presidents, who generally accepted

693-553: A leadership confidence vote in March 2023. Plamondon broke a record for the PQ votes of confidence, with 98.51% support. Since the 2022 election, the PQ saw an increase in its support in polls with them polling as the second largest party but still behind the CAQ. On October 2, 2023, the PQ won its fourth seat with its win in the 2023 Jean-Talon provincial by-election , with Pascal Paradis being elected MNA. The Bloc Québécois (BQ)

770-463: A mandate to begin negotiation for sovereignty-association . It was rejected by 60 per cent of voters. The party was re-elected in the 1981 election , but in November 1984 it experienced the most severe internal crisis of its existence. Lévesque wanted to focus on governing Quebec rather than sovereignty, and also wanted to adopt a more conciliatory approach on constitutional issues. This angered

847-522: A new leader, André Boisclair , was elected 15 November 2005, through the party's 2005 leadership election . At the time of Boisclair's election, the PQ was as much as 20% ahead of the Liberals in opinion polls, suggesting that Boisclair would lead them to a landslide majority government in the next election. Progressives on the left wing of the PQ perceived a rightward move by the party towards neoliberalism under Bouchard, Landry and Boisclair. In 2006,

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924-747: A new left-wing party, Québec solidaire , was formed which included many activists who likely would formerly have been members or supporters of the PQ. Over subsequent elections, the QS attracted increasing support from left-wing sovereigntists disillusioned with the PQ. At the same time on the right, the ADQ and later the Coalition Avenir Québec attracted the votes of right-wing and soft sovereigntists who eventually become Quebec autonomists and Canadian federalists while retaining their Quebec nationalist identities. These political developments resulted in

1001-506: A new logo on 21 February 2007, at the beginning of the 2007 provincial election campaign. While maintaining the basic style of past logos, the Q was redesigned and modernized. In addition, the tail of the Q was recoloured green. This logo was replaced in 2021 with a new logo that incorporated the fleur-de-lis into the letter " Q ". The Parti Québécois centres on the protection of the Franco-Québécois identity, up to or including

1078-683: A protest vote by anglophones, either by spoiling their ballots or voting for the upstart Equality Party that opposed the Liberals' legislation. The Equality Party won four seats in the National Assembly in 1989, but quickly lost its support due to infighting, garnering only 0.3% of the vote in 1994 . Rebuffed at the ballot box, some of the Equality Party's remaining active members instead concentrated on winning elected positions in Alliance Quebec in order to have AQ promote

1155-569: Is a federal political party founded in 1990 by former Progressive Conservative MP Lucien Bouchard . It has traditionally had close ties to the Parti Québécois and shares its principal objective of sovereignty . The two parties have frequently shared political candidates, and have supported each other during election campaigns. The two parties have a similar membership and voter base. Prominent members of either party often attend and speak at both organizations' public events. Gilles Duceppe ,

1232-474: The 1970 provincial election , winning seven seats. However, Lévesque was unable to get into the renamed National Assembly. Although it lost one seat in 1973 , the decimation of the other parties, particularly the Union Nationale , allowed it to become the official opposition even though Lévesque was still unable to win a seat. In the 1976 provincial election , the Parti Québécois won government for

1309-611: The Charter of the French Language (also known as "Bill 101"). After the Parti Québécois was re-elected in 1981, several of these groups (notably the "Positive Action Committee" and the "Council of Quebec Minorities") joined in May 1982, as "The Alliance of Language Communities in Quebec" (or "Alliance Québec") in an effort to gain more influence and to start a province-level dialogue between linguistic groups. AQ's ideology reflected

1386-548: The City of Québec and Quebecor Inc. concerning the management of the new sports and entertainment complex in Quebec City. Unrest continued later in the month when a fifth MNA, Benoit Charette , also quit, citing his dissatisfaction with the party's sole focus being sovereignty. Beaudoin rejoined the PQ caucus in 2012. The party won a minority government under Marois in the 2012 provincial election with 54 of 125 seats in

1463-514: The Entartistes threw a cream pie in his face while he marched in Montreal's 1998 Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day parade. Johnson's presidential campaign and his first six months as president temporarily brought more media attention and members to Alliance Quebec, as the PQ government and Quebec nationalist groups publicly criticized AQ's new, more confrontational tone. However, Johnson called off

1540-657: The Liberal Party of Quebec , the main opposition party while the PQ was in government. The Liberal Party of Quebec won the provincial election of 1985 , and many of AQ's initial leaders were recruited to work for the new government. Several of AQ's highly educated and bilingual early staff members went on to become Liberal cabinet ministers in later years, such as Thomas Mulcair , Kathleen Weil , and Geoffrey Kelley (Jacques-Cartier), while others served as MNAs —Russell Williams ( Nelligan ), Russell Copeman ( NDG ). While this initially gave AQ strong lobbying contacts within

1617-621: The Ralliement national . Following the creation of the PQ, the Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale held a general assembly that voted to dissolve the RIN. Its former members were invited to join the new Parti Québécois. The PQ's primary goals were to obtain political, economic and social autonomy for the province of Quebec. Lévesque introduced the strategy of referendums early in the 1970s. The PQ faced its first electoral test in

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1694-574: The "French elite" were Québécois. 1989 Quebec general election Robert Bourassa Liberal Robert Bourassa Liberal The 1989 Quebec general election was held on September 25, 1989, to elect members of the National Assembly of the Province of Quebec , Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party , led by Premier Robert Bourassa , won re-election, defeating the Parti Québécois , led by Jacques Parizeau . This election

1771-446: The 1990s and continues to operate. Larger chapters also had some committees, especially in the group's early years. Parti Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois The Parti Québécois ( French for 'Quebec Party', pronounced [paʁti kebekwa] ; PQ ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec , Canada . The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of

1848-641: The Bloc and PQ. Beaulieu's election as Bloc leader was more warmly received by the PQ's rival party, Option nationale , than by the PQ. In 2018, the Montreal Gazette reported on an investigation into two closed Facebook groups, whose stated aim is to bolster the PQ, by anti-racist activist Jeff Ray. Ray found that many participants, while supporters of the PQ, were also members of far-right groups like La Meute and Storm Alliance . This included "grassroots activists to aspiring candidates to officials on

1925-488: The CAQ because they no longer believed sovereignty was a realistic goal. Notably, the party was completely shut out of Montreal for the first time in memory, including its traditional stronghold in the heavily francophone eastern portion. Historically, when the PQ won government, the eastern half of the Island of Montreal was coated light blue. Many younger sovereigntists defected to Québec Solidaire. Leader Jean-François Lisée

2002-503: The Charter of the French Language in 1994). Johnson told a crowd of demonstrators that he refused an Eaton's offer to put up English signs in their stores if AQ would quietly call off the protest, as Johnson wanted to make it a public issue. Johnson also had AQ's constitution amended to add his view that Canada's federal government should refuse to recognize a Quebec unilateral declaration of independence . Johnson also made headlines when

2079-624: The Equality Party's platform (notably, favouring a complete repeal of all mandatory use of French in Quebec, and partitioning Quebec in the event of independence). Public infighting between so-called "moderates" (sympathetic to the Liberal Party) and "radicals" (the remaining members of the Equality Party) within AQ throughout the 1990s, along with a gradual decrease in interest among the general Quebec population in language politics , led to

2156-614: The Liberal Party had campaigned in 1985 to loosen the legal restrictions on languages other than French, Bill 178 overturned the Supreme Court's "Ford" decision (see above), restoring the prohibition on non-French commercial signage (with an exception for small signs inside stores). Alliance Quebec's inability to prevent the adoption of Bill 178 by the Liberal government it had perceived as an ally, opened it to criticism from

2233-621: The National Assembly. It embarked on a program of "sovereigntist governance" in relations with the rest of Canada, to return Quebec to balanced budgets through higher taxes and debt reduction, to increase the use of French in public services, and to address resource development in Northern Quebec. However the PQ's 'new Bill 101' did not pass. The centrepiece of the government's program was a Quebec Charter of Values which would have curtailed minority religious identity by banning

2310-425: The PQ are nicknamed péquistes ( / p eɪ ˈ k iː s t / pay- KEEST , Quebec French pronunciation: [peˈkɪst] ), a French word derived from the pronunciation of the party's initials. The party is an associate member of COPPPAL . The party has strong informal ties to the Bloc Québécois (BQ, whose members are known as "Bloquistes"), the federal party that has also advocated for

2387-486: The PQ being squeezed from both sides. The PQ was unable to maintain the momentum it briefly had under Boisclair, and in the 2007 provincial election , the party fell to 36 seats and behind the conservative Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) in number of seats and the popular vote: this was the first time since 1973 that the party did not form the government or the Official Opposition . Boisclair said that

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2464-476: The PQ caucus for the time being. He was replaced by veteran MNA François Gendron , pending a leadership race and convention. Former Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe was the first to announce his intention to run for party leadership, on 11 May 2007. He was followed the same day by Pauline Marois . In a surprise move, Duceppe withdrew on the 12th – leaving Marois the only declared candidate. No other candidates came forward, and on 26 June 2007, Marois won

2541-421: The PQ is the Charter of the French Language (Bill 101), a framework law which defines the linguistic primacy of French and seeks to make French the common public language of Quebec. It allowed the advancement of francophones towards management roles, until then largely out of their reach. Despite the fact that 85% of the population spoke French and most of them did not understand English, the language of management

2618-413: The PQ lost its official party status and came in a distant fourth place. With just over 14% of the popular vote, it broke a new record low score for the party, resulting in the PQ's smallest presence ever in the National Assembly. The movement of most voter support over to the CAQ and other nationalist parties put into question the party's relevance and its ability to survive in future. On December 1, 2022,

2695-415: The PQ was likely finished in its present form, and would have to merge with another sovereigntist party to avoid fading into irrelevance. On 27 November 2018, the CAQ granted both the PQ and Québec Solidaire official status in the legislature, despite the parties being short on seats and percentage of the popular vote in order to qualify. However, on 11 March 2019, Catherine Fournier , the youngest MNA in

2772-522: The PQ's three newly elected members were barred from the Quebec legislature following their refusal to swear an oath to the King, as required by the Constitution Act, 1867 . In response, on December 9, 2022, the CAQ passed a bill abolishing the requirement, allowing the PQ into the legislature by early 2023, however its legality is being questioned. After the 2022 provincial election, the PQ held

2849-413: The Quebec sovereignty movement revived. The PQ returned to power under the leadership of hardline sovereigntist Jacques Parizeau in the 1994 Quebec election . This saw the PQ win 77 seats and 44% of the vote, on a promise to hold an independence referendum within a year. The following year, Parizeau called the 1995 Quebec referendum proposing negotiations on sovereignty. Again, the sovereigntists lost

2926-502: The anglophone community. Right-wing critics of AQ dubbed it "Compliance Quebec" and "the lamb lobby" for its perceived unwillingness to challenge the government. Internal tension arose among the directors of AQ over the issue of denied access to English language schools in the province. Tensions increased over whether or not to support the Liberals in the Quebec general election of 1989 in spite of Bill 178. Some prominent AQ leaders urged

3003-707: The anglophone neighbourhoods of Montreal. The federal government subsidized AQ in an effort to promote minority official language groups in the province, providing it with most of AQ's budget ($ 1.4 million in 1986). Similar funding was provided to French language groups outside Quebec. In addition to AQ's regional chapters, six federally funded anglophone groups outside of Montreal became affiliated with AQ and sent delegates to its annual convention. Affiliated Quebec anglophone universities, CEGEPs and health and social service institution and community associations were also allowed to send delegates. Institutional members brought AQ substantial public policy expertise and participated in

3080-480: The annual convention in 1985 had about 470 delegates while each of the conventions from 1999 onward had under 100 delegates. The annual convention chose the president and treasurer of AQ for the upcoming year. (In the William Johnson era, the president's term was lengthened to two years, although each subsequent president resigned before the end of their full two-year term.) The delegates would also choose

3157-515: The annual convention, which took place each May in Montreal. In the 1990s, six chapters in central Montreal merged, which allowed the merged chapter to send up to 54 delegates. (In the William Johnson era, the West Island chapter's number of delegates was increased to reflect that it was the chapter with the second-largest number of members.) A youth commission of members under thirty years of age also existed and could send up to 18 delegates to

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3234-899: The board . The group also had an "Advisory Council" of prominent anglophones to advise the group on important issues from time to time, but this fell into disuse by the late 1990s. The executives and directors were volunteer positions (although the president received a stipend .) There were also a number of paid staff members (around two dozen in 1994), such as a general director, a fundraiser, receptionists, researchers and organizers, paid for mainly from federal government grants. For most of its existence, AQ also maintained committees to study issues. These included (at various times)committees for health and social services, education, access to English schools, youth employment, legal affairs, communication, internal rules, and membership. Some committees organized events and activities. One of these activities, "Youth Employment Services", became independent of AQ in

3311-439: The board of directors. Half of the forty-person board of directors of AQ would be up for election annually for a two-year term; the top twenty candidates who received the most votes being elected. The new board of directors would meet immediately after the convention to choose the remaining executive positions, including vice president , vice president "off- island " (meaning from outside of Montreal), secretary , and chairman of

3388-579: The convention. Affiliated groups such as the Townshippers' Association could also send delegates, as could affiliated universities, hospitals and community groups. The outgoing president and board of directors were also entitled to vote at the convention, representing 41 delegates. In theory, an annual convention could have nearly 400 delegates during the 1990s. In practice, the number of delegates attending annual conventions decreased over time as membership fell and affiliated groups stopped participating;

3465-441: The executive council" on the PQ side, and "key personalities of the far right" on the other. The party's distinctive logo was designed in 1968 by painter and poet Roland Giguère . It consists of a stylised letter Q, represented by a blue circle broken by a red arrow. The creator meant it as an allegory of the Parti Québécois breaking the circle of colonialism which he claimed Canada was imposing on Quebec and opening Quebec upon

3542-565: The first time and took 71 of the 110 seats available. Lévesque became the Premier of Quebec . This provided cause for celebration among many French-speaking Quebecers , while it resulted in an acceleration of the migration of the province's Anglophone population and related economic activity toward Toronto . The first PQ government was known as the "republic of professors" because of the large number of scholars in Lévesque's cabinet . The PQ

3619-454: The first time in almost half a century, the 2018 election unfolded in a historic way, being the first time in a half century a party other than the Parti Québécois or Liberals were elected to power, with a Coalition Avenir Québec majority win. It also marked the first time in 42 years that the Parti Québécois did not win enough seats to maintain official status in the legislature. With only 10 seats won, not only did it lose official status, but

3696-566: The former Bloc leader, is also the son of Jean Duceppe , a Quebec actor who helped found the PQ after having been a founding member of the New Democratic Party . In June 2014, Mario Beaulieu , a former PQ riding president and Bloc candidate, was elected leader of the Bloc Québécois. Notwithstanding his previous ties to both parties, Beaulieu has been critical of what he sees as a too timid approach to sovereignty by both

3773-499: The government, the departure of many of the group's founding leaders eventually hurt the group. Some have argued that the 1985 election was the beginning of a decline in influence of Alliance Quebec, as English-speakers believed the new government was friendlier and so the need for AQ was lower, while the Liberals had more connections with English-speakers than the PQ and so relied less on AQ to transmit their points of view. The group also faced criticism, almost since its founding, that it

3850-543: The group's eight chapters on the Island of Montreal merged in order to avoid closing. In 1996, the Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec investigated alleged irregularities during the 1995 Quebec sovereignty referendum , finding among other things that votes in three mainly federalist ridings had been rejected without valid reasons. Alliance Quebec sued the Quebec government to try to force it to re-examine

3927-496: The group's lack of support, which ultimately caused it to close down: Alliance Quebec was registered as a non-profit association in Quebec, with a headquarters in Montreal. Anyone could join as a member by paying a nominal fee of $ 5–$ 10. Membership entitled them to participate in the regional chapter in which they lived. Each regional chapter had its own board of directors and executive and obtained their budget mainly from membership fees. Each chapter could send nine delegates to

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4004-408: The group's protests in October 1998 and AQ's media coverage fell considerably, never to recover. Johnson's presidency and those of his similarly minded successors also provoked a negative reaction from the mainstream community of anglophones that formerly supported AQ. Links to the community's key healthcare, educational and community institutions vanished. Several events during these years highlighted

4081-473: The leadership by acclamation . In June 2011, the party was shaken when four of its most prominent MNAs — popular actor Pierre Curzi , former cabinet minister Louise Beaudoin , and Lisette Lapointe , the wife of former premier Jacques Parizeau , and Jean-Martin Aussant — quit the party to sit as independents . They disagreed with Marois's support for a bill changing the law to permit an agreement between

4158-436: The marginalization of AQ in the province's politics. While infighting preoccupied the board of directors and annual convention, the grassroots elements of AQ became less active. Government funding allowed for a permanent staff for the group, which relied less and less on volunteers. AQ's smallest regional chapters, in Quebec's Magdalen Islands , Lower North Shore and Baie-Comeau , closed down for lack of members, while six of

4235-493: The more ardent sovereigntists, known as the purs et durs . Lévesque was forced to resign as a result. In September 1985, the party leadership election chose Pierre-Marc Johnson as his successor. Despite its social-democratic past, the PQ failed to gain admission into the Socialist International , after the membership application was vetoed by the federal New Democratic Party . The PQ led by Johnson

4312-403: The objectives of Bill 101 and focused on changing how it was applied, Johnson questioned the commitment to tolerance and human rights of those who supported Bill 101. After his election, Johnson organized two demonstrations against stores, in particular Eaton's and The Hudson's Bay Company , that did not place English on their in-store advertising (which was once again legal after amendments to

4389-560: The party and the province and the only PQ MNA from Greater Montreal, resigned from the Parti Québécois to sit as an independent, claiming the party had lost its way. At the same time, several members of the PQ's youth wing expressed concern that the party might not have a future. Fournier's defection dropped the party into fourth place, losing its standing as second opposition and potentially losing their official party status once again. The next leadership election occurred on 9 October 2020, with lawyer Paul St-Pierre Plamondon being elected as

4466-524: The party lost the 2003 election to Jean Charest's Liberals. Mid-late 2004 was difficult for Landry's leadership, which was being contested. A vote was held during the party's June 2005 convention to determine whether Landry continued to have the confidence of the party membership. Landry said he wanted at least 80% of approval and after gaining 76.2% approval on the confidence vote from party membership on 4 June 2005, Landry announced his intention to resign. Louise Harel had been chosen to replace him until

4543-506: The policy formulation process. By the end of the 1980s, AQ claimed to have 40,000 people on its membership list (including members of regional associations affiliated with AQ, such as the Townshippers' Association ). This led to critiques that people who did not renew their memberships were not removed from this list and that the actual number of dues-paying members hovered around 5,000. Many of Alliance Quebec's founders were active in

4620-575: The prospect of another referendum a focus of the campaign, as well as feminist Janette Bertrand suggesting that wealthy Muslim men were taking over swimming pools, among other incidents badly hurt the PQ. Marois' government was defeated by the Liberals, led by Philippe Couillard , in the 2014 provincial election which resulted in a Liberal majority government. The PQ won 25% of the vote and 30 seats, its worst result in terms of popular vote since 1970 . Marois lost her own seat, and announced her intention to resign as PQ leader that night. Stéphane Bédard

4697-404: The province of Quebec from Canada and establishing a sovereign state . The PQ has also promoted the possibility of maintaining a loose political and economic sovereignty-association between Quebec and Canada. The party traditionally has support from the labour movement ; however, unlike most other social democratic parties, its ties with organized labour are informal. Members and supporters of

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4774-515: The rejected ballots in all 125 Quebec ridings. The trial judge ruled against AQ in 2000. AQ appealed, but ceased operations in 2005 (see below). In 2008 the Chief Electoral Officer got the court's permission to destroy the ballots after ruling that AQ's appeal had taken too long. In May 1998, the group elected a "radical" president, Montreal Gazette columnist William Johnson . Previously a vocal critic of AQ, he won by rallying

4851-534: The secession of Quebec from Canada, but the two are not linked organizationally. As with its federal counterpart, the Parti Québécois has been supported by a wide range of voters in Quebec, from large sections of organized labour to more conservative rural voters. The PQ is the result of the 1968 merger between the Mouvement Souveraineté-Association , founded by René Lévesque (a former Quebec Liberal Party cabinet minister), and

4928-562: The tenth Parti Québécois leader. The 2022 provincial election saw even further erosion and an unprecedented loss of support for the Parti Quebecois. Not only did the party once again not form government or the official opposition, but saw its lowest number of elected seats in the history of the PQ's existence, with only three seats won. The previous lowest was in the 1973 election, where the party won six seats. Although new party leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon managed to win his seat,

5005-562: The ultimate result of sovereignty-association. Sovereigntism, however, is 'Article 1' in its party program. After then-French President Nicolas Sarkozy rejected the long-standing "non-interference, non-indifference" stance towards Quebec should it seek sovereignty in 2009, PQ leader and Premier Pauline Marois' visit to France in October 2012 saw her reinstate it with French President François Hollande. Also during her visit, Marois commented that "Canada's current foreign policy corresponds to neither our values nor our interests". The PQ delivered

5082-438: The vote. The final count showed 49.42% of voters supported negotiations that could eventually lead to sovereignty. On the night of the defeat, an emotionally drained Premier Parizeau stated that the loss was caused by "money and ethnic votes" (which led to accusations that Parizeau was racist) as well as by the divided votes amongst francophones. Parizeau resigned the next day (as he is alleged to have planned beforehand in case of

5159-476: The voters clearly did not support a strategy of a rapid referendum in the first mandate of a PQ government. Instead of a policy convention following the election, the party held a presidents' council. The party caucus in the provincial legislative assembly was said to have supported Boisclair continuing as leader. On 8 May 2007, Boisclair announced his resignation as leader of the PQ. This was effective immediately, although Boisclair confirmed he would remain within

5236-492: The wearing of religious symbols by those in the employ of the government, particularly Sikh turbans, Muslim veils and Jewish kippahs. Based on the charter's growing popularity among francophones, Marois called an early election for 7 April 2014 in an attempt to win a majority government. Despite leading in the polls when the writ was dropped, the campaign went badly due to several mishaps. The recruitment of star candidate Pierre Karl Péladeau , whose comments made sovereignty and

5313-445: The world and the future. The PQ has made very few significant modifications to its logo during its history. In 1985 it made the circle and arrow slightly thicker, and placed the tip of the latter at the centre of the circle. The original saw it span the whole diameter. When placed upon a blue background instead of a white one, the circle was commonly turned to white, the single main design variation currently observed. The party revealed

5390-399: Was elected leader of Parti Québécois on 7 October 2016. Lisée charged Manon Massé with reneging in unsuccessful deliberations for a putative electoral alliance between the Parti Québécois and Québec Solidaire in 2017. For the 2018 provincial election , the PQ ruled out holding a referendum on sovereignty until 2022 at the earliest. With the sovereignty issue taken off the table for

5467-404: Was English in most medium and large businesses. Critics, both Francophone and Anglophone, have however criticized the charter for restraining citizens' linguistic school choice, as it only permits anglophones to attend English-language schools funded by the state (private schools remained an option for those who could afford tuition). The Parti Québécois initiated the 1980 Quebec referendum seeking

5544-465: Was chosen interim parliamentary leader by the PQ caucus on 10 April 2014. In the 20 October 2014 Lévis by-election, PQ candidate Alexandre Bégin came in third place, with 8.28% of the popular vote, only narrowly beating Québec Solidaire. On 27 November 2014, Pierre Karl Péladeau announced his intentions to run for PQ's leadership, joining Bernard Drainville , Martine Ouellet , Jean-François Lisée , Alexandre Cloutier , and Pierre Céré. Despite

5621-702: Was defeated by the Quebec Liberal Party in the 1985 election that saw Robert Bourassa return as premier. The Liberals served in office for two terms and attempted to negotiate a constitutional settlement with the rest of Canada but with the failure of the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord , two packages of proposed amendments to the Canadian constitution , the question of Quebec's status remained unresolved and

5698-565: Was defeated in his own riding and resigned thereafter, accepting the blame for his party's failure and collapse. After 50 years in the forefront of Quebec politics, the Parti Québécois had been pushed into marginal status. According to The Globe and Mail , within hours of the results being known, there was speculation that the party's very survival was in doubt; there were concerns that it was no longer capable of attracting enough support "to justify its political usefulness". Christian Bourque of Montreal-based pollster Léger Marketing suggested that

5775-443: Was not aggressive enough in its demands. In December 1988, AQ's offices were destroyed in a case of arson . Then-president Royal Orr sued Le Journal de Montréal and Télé-Métropole , for falsely reporting that he was the "prime suspect" in setting the blaze. The lawsuit was eventually settled out of court. AQ's weakened bargaining position was brought to prominence in 1989 when the Liberal government passed Bill 178. Although

5852-494: Was relegated to third place (tied with Québec solidaire ). The PQ was reduced to its smallest presence in the National Assembly since its first election in 1970. In this election the Parti Québécois only garnered 17% of the popular vote, the lowest score in party's history at the time. With few exceptions, its support bled to the CAQ, which took several ridings that had been in PQ hands for 40 years or more, by large margins in many cases. A number of longtime PQ supporters defected to

5929-405: Was the first government to recognize the rights of Aboriginal peoples to self-determination, insofar as this self-determination did not affect the territorial integrity of Quebec. The PQ passed laws on public consultations and the financing of political parties, which ensured equal financing of political parties and limited contributions by individuals to $ 3000. However, the most prominent legacy of

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