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19-509: The Allier flows through the following departments, and along the following towns, from source to mouth: The main tributaries of the Allier are: The Allier is one of the rare places in southern Europe where the freshwater grayling (Thymallus thymallus), known in French as ombre des rivières , occurs in a natural habitat. Grayling like to live in shoals and are sensitive to pollution. In

38-561: A maximum recorded weight of 6.7 kg (15 lb). Of typical Thymallus appearance, the grayling proper is distinguished from the similar Arctic grayling ( T. arcticus arcticus ) by the presence of 5–8 dorsal and 3–4 anal spines, which are absent in the other species; T. thymallus also has a smaller number of soft rays in these fins. Individuals of the species have been recorded as reaching an age of 14 years. The grayling prefers cold, clean, running riverine waters, but also occurs in lakes and, exceptionally, in brackish waters around

57-402: A series of Czech nymphs under the tip of the fly rod with the flow of the river and the nymphs should entice the grayling to take one. Fly-anglers may wade in the river to perform this method where they can access deeper water. Wading does not necessarily spook the grayling as they are generally less cautious than trout and are not as easily put off by human presence. In France , too, the season

76-528: Is a junior synonym of Cancer grammarius Linnaeus, 1758 . Although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants does not contain the same explicit statement, examples make it clear that the original name is used, so that the "type species" of a genus name need not have a name within that genus. Thus in Article 10, Ex. 3, the type of the genus name Elodes is quoted as

95-482: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Occitania geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in France is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Thymallus thymallus Thymallus thymallus , the grayling or European grayling , is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family Salmonidae . It

114-429: Is a backlog of untypified names defined in older publications when it was not required to specify a type. A type species is both a concept and a practical system that is used in the classification and nomenclature (naming) of animals. The "type species" represents the reference species and thus "definition" for a particular genus name. Whenever a taxon containing multiple species must be divided into more than one genus,

133-709: Is a protected species listed in Appendix III of the Bern Convention . It has become critically endangered in the Baltic Sea. The term "grayling" is often used to refer generically to the Thymallus species, and T. thymallus is sometimes called the European grayling for clarity. There are many obsolete synonyms for the species. Thymallus thymallus is the type species of its genus. The grayling

152-423: Is fixed, in theory, to a type specimen. For example, the type species for the land snail genus Monacha is Helix cartusiana , the name under which the species was first described, known as Monacha cartusiana when placed in the genus Monacha . That genus is currently placed within the family Hygromiidae . The type genus for that family is the genus Hygromia . The concept of the type species in zoology

171-467: Is known as the 'lady of the stream'. In Europe, they used to be persecuted by anglers for the false perception that they stopped trout colonizing stretches of rivers and streams . However, research has shown that grayling and trout feed on different prey items and generally prefer different microhabitats within rivers and streams but do occupy similar niches to smaller, less-predatory trout. In England and Wales, they can be fished throughout

190-476: Is limited depending upon several factors. The Allier is one of the rare places in Southern Europe where the common grayling occurs in a natural habitat. Type species In zoological nomenclature , a type species ( species typica ) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains

209-629: Is the only species of the genus Thymallus (the graylings) native to Europe , where it is widespread from the United Kingdom and France to the Ural Mountains in Russia , and Balkans on the south-east, but does not occur in the southern parts of the continent. It was introduced to Morocco in 1948, but it does not appear to have become established there. The grayling grows to a maximum recorded length of 60 cm (24 in) and

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228-550: The Baltic Sea . Omnivorous , the fish feeds on vegetable matter, as well as crustaceans , insects and spiders , mollusks , zooplankton , and smaller fishes, such as Eurasian minnows . Grayling are also prey for larger fish, including the huchen ( Hucho hucho ). With the Arctic grayling, T. thymallus is one of the economically important Thymallus species, being raised commercially and fished for sport. The grayling

247-705: The coarse fishing season (16 June to 14 March), providing thrilling sport on the fly when the trout season is closed. There is no closed season for grayling in Scotland; where they have been introduced. There are no grayling in Ireland. Well-known grayling flies include the grayling witch, klinkhamers, various nymphs and 'red tags', along with other trout patterns. Flies tied to resemble small pink shrimps have also been found to be useful. A method known as 'Czech-nymphing' has been known to be helpful to anglers where grayling shoal up in colder periods. The method involves moving

266-444: The Allier these fish are more abundant in the stretch between Langogne and Brioude . They are economically important, being appreciated for food and fished for sport. This Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Bourgogne-Franche-Comté geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Centre-Val de Loire geographical article

285-457: The Glossary, type species is defined as The nominal species that is the name-bearing type of a nominal genus or subgenus. The type species permanently attaches a formal name (the generic name) to a genus by providing just one species within that genus to which the genus name is permanently linked (i.e. the genus must include that species if it is to bear the name). The species name in turn

304-466: The biological type specimen (or specimens). A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus . In botanical nomenclature , these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature , but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as

323-399: The type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. In bacteriology , a type species is assigned for each genus. Whether or not currently recognized as valid , every named genus or subgenus in zoology is theoretically associated with a type species. In practice, however, there

342-405: The type species automatically assigns the name of the original taxon to one of the resulting new taxa, the one that includes the type species. The term "type species" is regulated in zoological nomenclature by article 42.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , which defines a type species as the name-bearing type of the name of a genus or subgenus (a " genus-group name "). In

361-531: Was introduced by Pierre André Latreille . The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature states that the original name (binomen) of the type species should always be cited. It gives an example in Article 67.1. Astacus marinus Fabricius, 1775 was later designated as the type species of the genus Homarus , thus giving it the name Homarus marinus (Fabricius, 1775) . However, the type species of Homarus should always be cited using its original name, i.e. Astacus marinus Fabricius, 1775 , even though that

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