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55-465: Almelo has about 72,000 inhabitants in the middle of the rolling countryside of Twente , with the industrial centres of Enschede and Hengelo as close neighbours but also with tourist towns like Ootmarsum , Delden and Markelo only a bicycle ride away. Almelo received city rights in 1394. Within the city limits lies the castle of the Counts of Almelo. Located in the city centre is Huize Almelo,

110-726: A tree of life , cross , anchor and heart , a sun wheel, and two rampant horses. These gewelteekns are mounted vertically onto the ridge of the house at the front and the back gable. The symbols are believed to either invoke prosperity or ward off misfortune. The development of modern architecture in the region has been closely related to its industrial development in the 19th and 20th century, as can be recognized in multiple factory complexes, public buildings, as well as housing projects, including garden villages such as Tuindorp 't Lansink (1910s, arch. Karel Muller). Many well-known names within Dutch architectural history have left their traces in

165-578: A castle that in its current form dates back to 1662 (This castle is not open to the public). There are mosaics which decorate the walls of the tunnel close to the railway station . The city is also known for its local association football club Heracles Almelo , which plays in the Eredivisie , the highest football league in the Netherlands. The club uses the Erve Asito . At the end of

220-470: A grave offence. A number of traditional cultural practices have been preserved in Twente, such as blowing mid-winter horns around Christmas and burning Easter fires. Twente is also known for its considerable number of so-called klootsketersverennigings ( road bowling associations), which is commonly considered the "local traditional sport". In the small town of Ootmarsum , a tradition known as vlöggeln

275-1005: A professional level, Twente houses two football clubs that play in the national Eredivisie league: Heracles Almelo and FC Twente from Enschede , the latter of which is one of the most successful sides of recent years, having won the Eredivisie title in 2010 and the KNVB Cup in 2011. Twente is also the home region of Olympic Gold swimmers such as Marleen Veldhuis and Hinkelien Schreuder , and of internationally renowned equestrians ( horse driving and horse jumping ), such as Jeroen Dubbeldam , Gerco Schröder and Jos Lansink . A number of well-known bicycle racing pros are from Twente, including Bram Tankink , Tom Stamsnijder and Joost Posthuma . On an amateur level, many people participate for leisure in popular team sports with local clubs, such as handball, tennis, soccer and volleyball . A local traditional sport, klootskeetn , which

330-436: A relatively small area. There is an open stone quarry at Losser , while there are several salt mines at Hengelo and Boekelo . The western Twente town of Nijverdal is the only place in the Netherlands where gold was ever found. Twente is largely reliant on agriculture , next to services , and to a lesser degree tourism . The improved national image of Twente has stimulated an increase in sales of regional products. One of

385-522: A specific part of its premises for the Twentse Taalkamer (‘language room’), where visitors may become (further) acquainted with the language. Twents is largely mutually intelligible with dialects from surrounding areas, such as Achterhooks to the south, Sallaands in the west, Grafschafter Platt ( Grafschaft Bentheim ) and Münsterlandisch ( Münsterland ) across the Dutch - German border. On

440-690: Is Twents . It is a dialect of the Westphalian branch of the Low German language group, which, together with Limburgs , is one of the two officially recognised regional languages of the Netherlands. Twents is spoken in all parts of Twente, but may vary from village to village in pronunciation or lexicon, though such varieties are mutually intelligible and form part of the Low German dialect continuum . Dialects are often divided into two main categories, namely East-Twents and Twents-Groafskops, though

495-523: Is a bright red cloth with a white rampant horse, which is believed to be derived from the Saxon Steed , the rampant horse in the coats of arms of Westphalia and Lower Saxony , also introduced in the (modern) coat of arms of the English county of Kent . People in Twente sometimes go by the epithet "Tukker". In the more rural parts of Twente, a notion called noaberskop , literally neighbourship ,

550-420: Is a historical dominion in the west and north of the present Dutch province of Overijssel . Nowadays Salland is usually used to indicate a region corresponding to the part of the former dominion more or less to the west of Twente. Salland (or Salalant , as it was known) is first mentioned during the early Middle Ages . The region is most likely named after the river IJssel , anciently known as Isala , and

605-587: Is a region in the eastern Netherlands . It encompasses the most urbanised and easternmost part of the province of Overijssel . Twente is most likely named after the Tuihanti or Tvihanti, a Germanic tribe that settled in the area and was mentioned by the Roman historian Tacitus . The region's borders are defined by the Overijssel region of Salland in the northwest and west (the river Regge roughly defines

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660-488: Is a spicy pork sausage, usually approximately 15 cm in diameter. The sausage is cut into 1 cm slices and baked. It is not usually served for dinner, but is often eaten for lunch, on a sandwich . It is mainly a seasonal product; as it is a hot and hearty snack, it is only available during the winters. There are several dishes that are often termed "typically Twents", although they are not much served today. Examples include stip in de pan and balkenbriej . Perhaps

715-604: Is also a train every 2 hours into Germany serving cities such as Osnabrück , Hannover and Berlin . Heracles Almelo , a professional football club playing in the Eredivisie is based in Almelo. Since 1983 Almelo has organised the Profronde van Almelo , an elite men's and women's professional road bicycle racing event. Almelo is twinned with: Denizli , Turkey Twente Twente ( Dutch : Twente [ˈtʋɛntə] , Tweants dialect : Tweante )

770-517: Is deemed of great importance. In short, noaberskop involves neighbours looking after each other or giving good counsel whenever a neighbour asks for advice. For instance, it may include collecting each other's mail and watering plants and flowers while the other family is on holiday and looking after each other's pets. Noaberskop is regarded a matter of rights and obligations. A neighbour may for instance call on another neighbour for help if something needs to be repaired or otherwise taken care of, but it

825-489: Is located in Enschede and studies the regional culture, folklore, language, cultural history and landscape of Twente. It also collects, maintains, studies and displays an extensive collection of material from the history of Twente, with a full-size historic Twents lös hoes (‘open house’, a farmhouse without separate rooms, where both livestock and humans lived together) as one of its main attractions. The museum has designated

880-566: Is made of a Salahom , located where the IJssel empties into the Sallzee, and of its acquisition by the Lorsch Abbey (near Worms ). In 1086, the four parts of Oversticht (i.e., Salland, Twente , Vollenhove , and Drenthe ) belonged first to Egbert III, descendant of Wracharius, and count of Salland, Westergo, and Estergo, but were confiscated by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV , given to

935-465: Is mainly Protestant . Today, Twente has one of the Netherlands’ largest exile communities of Assyrians . Although Twente has always been part of larger cultural areas, borrowing and adopting food traditions, there are a number of traditional "typically Twents" dishes and snacks. One of the nationally most-renowned foods from Twente is the kreantewegge . This is a type of currant bread , that

990-727: Is partly formed by river IJssel ; to the north by the Meppelerdiep stream and the provincial border with Drente , which partly consists of the Reest stream; to the east by the borders with the German state of Lower Saxony and the eastern Overijssel region of Twente ; and to the south by the border with the Gelderland region of Achterhoek , part of which is formed by the Schipbeek stream – in other words, all of Overijssel with

1045-570: Is practised annually around Easter . Firstly, a group of eight young bachelors called Poaskearls (Easter Men) are selected. On Easter morning, the Poaskearls form a human chain by joining hands. They go through some of the houses of the town while singing psalms, after which the other inhabitants and other spectators may join the chain. After a while, the chain halts in the town centre, where fathers may lift their young children three times, while shouting "Halleluja". The gathering continues towards

1100-459: Is said to stem from * þrija-hantja meaning "three lands", Twente is said to stem from * twai-hantja or "two lands". Although Twente is the most urbanized part of the province of Overijssel, it is renowned for its scenic countryside. This is sometimes characterized as a bocage landscape, attracting many tourists from other parts of the country, with popular sights such as the Lutterzand on

1155-1101: Is similar to Irish road bowling , has seen an increase in interest over the last decades. It is mainly played for leisure or for cultural engagement. There are, however, a number of (semi)-professional klootsketer clubs. It is a popular activity for staff trips. Aadorp -- Albergen —Beckum -- Beuningen -- Boekelo -- Borne -- Bornerbroek -- Breklenkamp -- Buurse -- Daarle -- Daarlerveen -- Delden -- De Lutte -- Denekamp -- Deurningen -- Diepenheim -- Enschede -- Enter -- Fleringen -- Glanerbrug -- Goor -- Haaksbergen -- Hengelo -- Hengevelde -- Lattrop -- Lonneker -- Losser -- Mander -- Markelo -- Oldenzaal -- Ootmarsum -- Overdinkel -- Rossum -- Saasveld -- Tilligte -- Tubbergen -- Twekkelo -- Usselo -- Vasse -- Vriezenveen -- Vroomshoop (partly Salland ) -- Weerselo -- Wierden -- Zenderen 52°19′18″N 6°46′13″E  /  52.32167°N 6.77028°E  / 52.32167; 6.77028 Salland Salland ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɑlɑnt] ; Low Saxon : Sallaand )

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1210-436: Is traditionally baked to celebrate the birth of children. The kreantewegge was usually a long loaf, sometimes extending over as much as one meter, cut into thick slices. It is currently still a popular accompaniment with a cup of coffee, though it is no longer exclusively linked to child birth. Another typically Twents food is bakleaverworst (roughly translated as baked liver sausage ), mostly abbreviated to bakworst . This

1265-459: Is very indecent to refuse if the other neighbour then asks for a favour in return. Neighbours are expected to help each other preparing wedding celebrations, funerals, birthday parties, etc. Though modern social security service has reduced the need for strong noaberskop bonds, some communities do appreciate newcomers adapting to these old customs and "making neighbourship" with the others, and not fulfilling noaberskop duties may be still regarded

1320-579: The Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht , and incorporated into the margravate of Islegowe . Salalant gradually grew to the north as far as the rivers Meppelerdiep and Reest and to the west as far as the Regge . In 1046 Deventer and its vicinity belonged to the county of Hamaland but was incorporated along with the area between Dalfsen and Gramsbergen into Salland in 1246. In 1225, the office of episcopal sheriff ( bisschoppelijke schout ) for Salland

1375-490: The US and Asia . Twente also has many machine manufacturing companies, like machinery for agriculture, oil piping, food manufacturing, assembly automation, etc. Many of them with a global customer base. Next to aforementioned occupations, many Twents people are engaged in the transport sector. The second half of the twentieth century saw an explosive increase in the number of freight transportation companies. The flag of Twente

1430-730: The Zwarte Water and (Overijsselse) Vecht rivers; the Regge stream, which flows through Twente to spend its last few kilometers in Salland before ending in the Vecht near Ommen; the Schipbeek stream; and the Soestwetering stream, which merges with a number of lesser streams near Zwolle to form river Zwarte Water. Three of Overijssel's major cities, Deventer , Kampen and the province's capital , Zwolle , lie within Salland, if

1485-460: The 1970s the industry dwindled and most factories were relocated to countries with cheaper labour. Some factories remain in the city centre and are now in use for apartments or offices. Currently, a major employer in Almelo is Urenco Nederland . This is a uranium enrichment plant which uses the gas centrifuge method and produces uranium with about five percent U-235 , for nuclear reactors . An industrial bakery, Bolletje, Malvern Panalytical ,

1540-461: The 19th century textile emerged as a major employer and drew many workers to Almelo, at first from within the Netherlands. Since the 1960s workers from Spain and Turkey came to Almelo. The first mosque of the Netherlands was built in Almelo in 1976 for the Turkish population of the city. Almelo also has a sizeable number of Armenians who built their own Armenian Apostolic Church in 2003. In

1595-510: The Stichting Ziekenhuisgroep Twente (a hospital) and the regional court are also major employers. As of 2020, Almelo has a total population of about 73,107. The city has a significant Turkish population. Almelo has 2 railway stations: The main station is Almelo and offers links to Hengelo , Enschede , Amersfoort , Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , Utrecht , Gouda , Rotterdam , The Hague and Zwolle . There

1650-688: The Twente Region as defined by the Dutch government). Specifically, this regards Holten (now part of the Rijssen-Holten municipality) and Den Ham (now part of the Twenterand municipality). Industrial and commercial ties with Twente and its location east of the Sallandse Heuvelrug hill ridge caused the municipality of Hellendoorn to switch association earlier in the twentieth century. (The boundary changes mentioned in

1705-580: The best internationally known beverage from Twente is Grolsch lager . Though it is originally from the town of Groenlo which is in the adjacent Achterhoek region, the brewery moved to Boekelo near Enschede . It is therefore currently often considered a Twents brand. A relatively new brand of lager, Twents Bier, is brewed in the town of Beckum . Twente also has a longstanding tradition of distilling bitters . There are many locally distilled bitters, which are often produced and consumed for special occasions and celebrations. Often, they aren't for sale outside

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1760-532: The centre of that era and thus having been able to become the "unofficial capital" of Salland. The Salland tourism board describes Salland as the land in between the river IJssel and the hills, and agrees thus on a much smaller Salland than the historical dominion of that name. Intra-Overijssel municipal reforms of the early twenty-first century have somewhat blurred the boundary between Salland and Twente, as municipalities historically associated with Salland have merged with Twente municipalities (and now form part of

1815-427: The definition ascribing the largest area to Salland, is used. Other places of import include Ommen and Hardenberg , which are both quite often described as being in the "Vechtstreek" (Vecht Region) or "Vechtdal" (Vecht Valley), named after the river, rather than in Salland. Nowadays however, Salland is usually used to indicate the rural area in between Deventer, Zwolle, Ommen and Rijssen-Holten, with Raalte being in

1870-455: The dialect has been stigmatised for a considerable period over the last century, leading to a decline in use, interests in preserving and promoting the use of it are currently rising, resulting in initiatives such as dialect festivals, writing competitions and other culturally engaging projects. The municipality council of Rijssen-Holten holds one conference per year in dialect, and in 2008 declared their desk workers officially bilingual, to lower

1925-459: The differences are largely insignificant. The dialects work as a certain shibboleth ; minor accent differences help speakers define others' place of origin. As a result, speakers do not usually refer to their dialect by the umbrella term Twents , but rather by the name of their local variety. Speakers from Markelo , for instance, may call their dialect Maarkels , whereas speakers from Overdinkel may state that they speak Oaverdeenkels . Although

1980-497: The entire height, were mostly thatched and supported by a frame of thick beams. The TwentseWelle museum in Enschede has reconstructed a lös hoes on their premises. Many contemporary houses are designed with Twents Saxon elements, such as thatched roofs, wooden planks to decorate the gables, and gewelteekns    [ nl ; nds-nl ] (gable signs), which are wooden planks shaped with several stylised symbols, such as

2035-469: The exception of Twente and the municipality of Steenwijkerland. Geologically, most of Salland's landscape consists of a lowland covered with river sediment . To the east, large moors have been drained to provide pastures . These moors, together with the hilly Holterberg region, were the natural border with Twente. On the Holterberg, stretches of the originally vast heathland have been preserved. In

2090-457: The fields, where a large Easter Fire has been built by the community. The gathering sings a psalm and then the Poaskearls light the bonfire. It is commonly believed to be a Roman Catholic adaptation of a pre-Christian fertility tradition. An extravagant carnival is celebrated in Oldenzaal, which, like the most of eastern Twente has a considerable group of Roman Catholics . The west of Twente

2145-402: The home village. Though Twents families traditionally ate potatoes, vegetables and meat for dinner, the influx of many immigrants from all over the world to Twente, who brought with them their own food traditions, has broadened the average Twenteman's nutritional horizon. Twente is a region with rural areas and urban centres, both of which have developed distinct architectural traditions, while

2200-479: The lakeland Sallzee at the confluence of the rivers Vecht and IJssel. The region may be the original residence of the Salian Franks . Salalant at this time was a shire ( gouw ) made up of the area between Wijhe , Mastenbroek , and Dalfsen , in other words, the region circling Zwolle . In 795, Salalant belonged to a count Wracharius and remained in his family until the 11th century. In 814, mention

2255-570: The largest Dutch beer breweries, the Grolsch Brewery , is in Twente. Twente has many construction companies, most notably in the town of Rijssen , which houses over twenty companies in construction and related services, such as electricity , plumbing , and insulation . Some north-western Twents villages, such as Westerhaar-Vriezenveensewijk , are known for their many inhabitants employed in road engineering . Some construction companies have set up or invested in offices overseas, such as in

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2310-591: The latter of which has a noteworthy Romanesque church called Oale Grieze (the ‘Old Grey’), which is the oldest Romanesque church in the Netherlands. Eight Twents towns have obtained city rights : Almelo , Delden , Diepenheim , Enschede , Goor , Oldenzaal , Ootmarsum , and Rijssen . Since Twente's economy is to a great extent reliant on agriculture, this leaves its marks on the landscape, with many meadows and pastures , alternating with undergrowth , scrubs and copse . There are several fens , marshes and peat bogs, which long made Twente less accessible for

2365-556: The meandering Dinkel, or the wide heather fields on the Frezenbaarg near Markelo . Twente is bisected from north to south by a range of hills in western Twente (Holterberg, Rijsserberg, Friezenberg, Nijverdalse Berg, Hellendoornse Berg), and hills in the east, with the Tankenberg near Oldenzaal being the highest point. The towns of Ootmarsum , and Oldenzaal to a lesser extent, are known for their scenic historical buildings,

2420-607: The northwest, reclaimed boglands used for peat digging have resulted in low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding, pre-1932 (in that year, the Zuiderzee was closed off from the North Sea to become the IJsselmeer lake ). Salland is a low-lying area dominated by a number of rivers and streams, which have deposited rich layers of river clay . The most important of these waterways is of course river IJssel; others include

2475-648: The other main urban centres, Almelo and Hengelo, but also in some smaller towns. In the town of Goor , for example, a construction company has built their main office in the style of Friedensreich Hundertwasser , who was known for using lively colours and natural forms. Many construction companies have their origins, or main office, in Twente. Especially in the town of Rijssen, which houses over twenty more or lesser known construction companies next to companies that provide related services, such as plumbing , building insulation and electricity . This makes Twente an attractive place for architects. The local language variety

2530-577: The region is also known for its contemporary architecture. The Saxon heritage of Twente is reflected in the design of more traditional farms and residential houses. Twente has the only remaining lös hoes in the Netherlands (literally ‘loose house’), a type of construction design that was previously common throughout the east of the Netherlands and the north of Germany. A lös hoes consisted mostly of one room in which both humans and livestock lived together. The roofs, which are relatively large in comparison to contemporary houses, making up approximately 2/3 of

2585-503: The region, among them Piet Blom , Van den Broek & Bakema , Willem Dudok , Han van Loghem , and Gerrit Rietveld , to name but a few. Of particular interest is the architecture at the campus of the Universiteit Twente , located in Enschede, built in 1961 according to the masterplan by Wim van Tijen and Samuel van Embden. Other examples of modern and contemporary architecture can be found in Enschede too, as well as in

2640-409: The rest of the Netherlands, and which formed some natural defence. It also made the inhabitants of Twente incline towards the east ( Westphalia and Münster , more precisely) in trade, politics and fashion, rather than to the more western parts of the Netherlands. Geologically, Twente is one of the most interesting areas of the Netherlands. It has strata (earth layers) from various eras concentrated in

2695-538: The ruins of Vercovicium , a Roman guard post on Hadrian's Wall near present-day Housesteads in Northern England . The Tvihanti served in a Roman-Frisian cavalry unit that was stationed there. Another explanation of the origins of the name, is that Twente was part of the Oversticht , a Medieval administrative construction which included the adjacent shires of Twente and Drenthe . As the name Drenthe

2750-469: The three constituent parts of the new dominion of Overijssel , which in turn became one of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic in 1581 (Drenthe became a dominion in its own right). The borders of Salland are not well defined, but the largest area which may be indicated by Salland, corresponding to the historical dominion, is bound to the west by the provincial border with Gelderland , which

2805-563: The three sheriffdoms of Twente, Vollenhove, and Salland. In time they were demoted to bailiwicks ( drostambten ), and even though they were superseded by the sheriffdoms of IJsselmuiden , Diepenheim , Haaksbergen , and the sheriff of Hasselt was made high sheriff, the original three bailiwicks have nonetheless served as the basis for Oversticht's three-way division to this day. When the Archbishop of Utrecht sold his domains to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1527, Salland became one of

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2860-487: The threshold for the inhabitants of Rijssen who feel more comfortable in speaking Twents, rather than Dutch . Other municipality councils have recently indicated that they are willing to try dialect conferences, such as the municipalities of Hellendoorn and Wierden . The former Van Deinse Instituut , which is now incorporated in the TwentseWelle museum, is involved in researching the past and present of Twente. It

2915-808: The western border), the German County of Bentheim in the northeast and east (the river Dinkel roughly defines the eastern border) and the Gelderland region of the Achterhoek in the south. Twente has approximately 620,000 inhabitants, most of whom live in its three largest cities: Almelo , Hengelo and Enschede , the latter being the main city of the region. It comprises fourteen municipalities : Almelo , Borne , Dinkelland , Enschede , Haaksbergen , Hellendoorn , Hengelo , Hof van Twente , Losser , Oldenzaal , Rijssen-Holten , Tubbergen , Twenterand and Wierden . The whole of Hellendoorn and

2970-456: The western parts of both Rijssen-Holten and Twenterand historically belong to the cultural region of Salland , but to the city region of Twente. Various sources provide several explanations of the name Twente . In his work Germania , the Roman historian Tacitus mentions a tribe called Tvihanti , who lived near or in present-day Twente. This same name was found on two altar stones found in

3025-518: Was established, and in 1308 the bishop granted a dike-right ( dijkrecht ) over the land between the Hunnepe to the coast; this area later became known as the Salland sheriffdom ( Sallandse Schouw ). In 1336, the bishop pledged over almost all of Overijssel – including Salland – to the count of Guelders . Ten years later, the new bishop, Jan van Arkel, was able to retrieve the pledged territories. He also reformed administration by breaking Oversticht into

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