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45-577: In the fall of 1885, James Hamilton Howe , the first dean of the Music School at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana , invited seven women from the school to a meeting to form a fraternity. Those women were Anna Allen Smith, Olive Burnett Clark, Bertha Deniston Cunningham, Amy DuBois Rieth, Nellie Gamble Childe, Bessie Grooms Keenan, and Estelle Leonard. Alpha Chi Omega was formed on October 15, 1885. Howe collaborated with James G. Campbell,

90-447: A Beta Theta Pi , to establish Alpha Chi Omega as a national fraternity. Campbell laid out its first constitution and by-laws. According to this first constitution, "The object of this fraternity is...to attain the highest musical culture and to cultivate those principles that embody true womanhood." On February 26, 1886, the fraternity hosted a musical soiree to introduce itself to the campus community. In its early years, Alpha Chi Omega

135-581: A help line providing advice, and there is also a national 24/7 help line, 1800RESPECT. In Canada, the networks of rape crisis centres are provincially- and territorially-based, but there is a national body named the Canadian Association of Sexual Assault Centres (CASAC). In Ontario , the Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres (OCRC) is the umbrella body for centres in that province. Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter

180-666: A Seattle School of Music professor. By December 1922, Howe had composed 200 works. His The Olympic Suite was inspired by a trip on the Great Northern Railway through the Cascade Range and Rocky Mountains in July 1922. It included twelve movements including "Ode to Mount Olympus", "The Red Velvet Rose of Seattle", "The Rippling Waters of Queets", and "Tahoma Suite". Howe performed "The Rippling Waters of Queets" on piano for Washington State Federation Day at

225-400: A case. RCCs are further separated from mainstream organisations by their consistent efforts to reform how these organisations respond to rape, primarily through the provision of training in appropriate rape definitions and responses. RCCs may receive funding from a number of sources and funding can vary greatly for each RCC depending on its location, if it is affiliated with a host agency, and

270-789: A combined chorus of 200 to 250 singers. Ultimately, Howe was unable to secure enough money or find the material needed to carry out his long-term plans for the oratorio societies. His competition, H. B. Steward, also failed, and oratorio died out in San Francisco. In the summer of 1899, Howe founded and was the director of the Pacific Grove Summer School of Music in Pacific Grove, California . The summer school provided two months of study with first-class musicians. Howe taught chorus, composition, harmony, oratorio interpretation, and pianoforte. He also directed

315-542: A general (social) fraternity by 1905. Alpha Chi Omega joined the National Panhellenic Conference in 1903. Alpha Chi Omega's founders chose Alpha ( Α ), the first letter of the Greek alphabet because they were forming the first fraternity in the school of music. Since they thought they might also be founding the last such fraternity, Omega ( Ω ) seemed appropriate, considering it stands for

360-617: A mix of paid staff and trained volunteers, and are run with the support of or collaboration with local councils, police forces, and corporate sponsors. Edinburgh Rape Crisis is one of Scotland's largest centres. However, as of April 2023 rape crisis centres across the UK have had to close waiting lists owing to shortage of funds and staff. Rape Crisis Northern Ireland, located in Belfast , covers Northern Ireland . The first American rape crisis centers (RCCs) were formed in several states throughout

405-482: A musical fraternity, it is still connected to its musical heritage through the symbol of the lyre, and the name of its publication is The Lyre . The new member badge (pin) worn by uninitiated members is a lozenge emblazoned with the symbol of a lyre and the sorority's colors of scarlet red on the upper half of the badge, and olive green on the lower half of the badge. Members of Alpha Chi Omega have several national programs. In 1911, Alpha Chi Omega began supporting

450-815: A number of state- and territory-based rape crisis centres, such as Full Stop Australia (the first in Australia, founded as Sydney Rape Crisis Collective in 1971) in New South Wales ; Canberra Rape Crisis Centre in the Australian Capital Territory ; Yarrow Place in South Australia . In Victoria , the Sexual Assault Services Victoria (SASVic, formerly CASA Forum) is the umbrella body for Centres Against Sexual Assault , or CASAs, located across

495-470: A number of not-for-profit centres focusing on different groups, such as Māori women , or male victims, some explicitly named rape crisis centre, such as Wellington Rape Crisis . There are local and national help lines. In South Africa, Thuthuzela Care Centres have become a model for best practice in care after sexual assault. The name is derived from the Xhosa word thuthuzela , meaning "comfort". In

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540-450: A sexual assault. Undergraduate and alumnae chapters focus on increasing the awareness of domestic violence and its effects, and on aiding victims of domestic violence through activities, service projects, and financial support. This work is done through local agencies, such as rape crisis centers , emergency shelters and safe houses for victims of domestic violence and their children, and long-term assistance centers for battered women in

585-425: A will, Howe wrote a certificate of gift on September 4, 1933, in consideration of his engagement with Chastain. Chastain told the press that they had not set a date for their marriage. Rape crisis centre A rape crisis centre , also known as a sexual assault crisis centre or sexual assault referral centre ( SARC ), is a specialised centre to support victims of rape or other sexual assault , both in

630-497: Is Canada's longest-running rape crisis centre. In Ireland, the Dublin Rape Crisis Centre, a national service, provides a range of services, including a 24-hour helpline, counselling services, accompanying victims to court, and outreach services, along with provision of training and advocacy work. In New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa ), groups to support victims of rape and sexual abuse were set up during

675-456: Is the holly . Its patron Greek divinity is Hera . Alpha Chi Omega chose the three-stringed lyre to be their official symbol since it was the first instrument played by the Greek gods on Mount Olympus . The badge (pin) worn by initiated members is in the shape of a lyre, typically featuring pearls and the Greek letters ΑΧΩ on the crossbar. Although Alpha Chi Omega no longer is strictly

720-464: Is the phenomenon of RCCs moving toward more professionalisation and hierarchy and away from the radical activism that defines their roots. Many RCCs, rather than being freestanding collectives, are incorporated into the mainstream organisations that they once worked against, such as hospitals or other social services agencies. These trends are related to the political climate and also the availability of government money to fund their activities. Despite

765-472: The MacDowell Colony , founded by Marian MacDowell who was an Alpha Chi Omega alumna During World War I and World War II , the fraternity helped orphaned French children and provided day nurseries for working mothers who were married to servicemen. In 1947, Alpha Chi Omega adopted Easter Seals as its national philanthropy and supported other projects associated with cerebral palsy . In 1992,

810-629: The Pacific Northwest Products Exhibition in February 1923. He premiered parts of The Olympic Suite in a series of radio concerts on KDZE that were heard by some 100,000 people. The radio show included Howe's narration, violinist Arnold Krauss, soprano Florita Munson-Wroten, soprano Dimples Marie David, and a chorus of twelve. The Olympic Suite was published as a book with related photographs. In February 1923, Howe composed "Our Washington", intended to be

855-552: The 1970s, and in 1986 "Rape Crisis and Related Groups" (RCRG) were established. These groups were run by trained volunteers, and provided immediate crisis support as well as ongoing counselling; judicial advocacy work; and help for victims in their dealings with police, doctors, Accident Compensation Corporation , and the Department of Social Welfare . Over time, the number of support groups first grew, and then declined, largely through lack of funding and changing legislation. RCRG

900-732: The Howe Club of San Francisco in 1904. Howe left San Francisco and moved to Seattle in 1906. He was the first musical director and conductor of the Seattle Choral Symphony Society in 1906. However, he soon had a falling out with the members of the Ladies Musical Club who had chartered the society. They created the Seattle Symphony Orchestra Association, a rival organization; however, Howe already had most of

945-538: The Music School and its students. He invited seven students—Anna Allen, Olive Burnett, Bertha Deniston, Amy DuBois, Nellie Gamble, Bessie Grooms and Estelle Leonard—to a meeting to discuss creating a society. As a result, Alpha Chi Omega women's fraternity was established on October 16, 1885. It was one of the first six Greek letter organizations for women in the United States. Howe formally introduced

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990-426: The Music School, Howe established its curriculum and a vigorous performance schedule. He fought opposition to an opera program. Between 1884 and 1894, hundreds of students took classes, with 22 graduating. Although the school had strong enrollment, Howe's administration resulted in $ 3,000 in debt ($ 101,469 in 2022's money); the debt consisted of outstanding student deposits and unpaid faculty salaries. In 1896, Howe

1035-1329: The UK, sexual assault referral centres or SARCs exist across the country, funded and run by the National Health Service . Their staff comprise specifically-trained doctors, nurses, and other support staff. The first SARC was established in 1986 at St Mary's Hospital in Manchester , as St Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre or SARC. In the 1990s, there were two more SARCs established, REACH in Northumbria and STAR in West Yorkshire . There are also crisis centres run as charitable organisations, overseen by umbrella organisations Rape Crisis England & Wales and Rape Crisis Scotland. They not only work to end sexual assault and abuse, but also provides specialist information and support to anyone who has been affected by any other form of sexual violence and abuse in England and Wales . They act as an umbrella organisation for 39 member rape crisis centres as of 2023 . The member organisations, such as Northamptonshire Rape Crisis, are typically independent charities staffed by

1080-728: The United States. In 1978, the fraternity created the Alpha Chi Omega Foundation, a nonprofit organization to oversee funds for the fraternity's philanthropic projects and educational programming. The foundation which continues to grant funds to the fraternity's former partners, the MacDowell Colony and Easter Seals . The foundation supports members and those closely related to Alpha Chi Omegas through various grants. The fraternity has initiated more than 300,000 members to its collegiate and alumnae chapters since 1885. Alpha Chi Omega has chartered more than 194 chapters at colleges and universities and 279 alumnae chapters in

1125-461: The United States. Alumnae chapters allow women of post-graduate age to continue the mission and values of Alpha Chi Omega. Collegiate chapters work directly with alumnae chapters to link sisters across the country. As of 2023, there are 140 active collegiate and 170 active alumnae chapters. James Hamilton Howe James Hamilton Howe (November 14, 1856, – April 12, 1934) was an American pianist , composer , conductor , and academic. Howe

1170-426: The country in the early 1970s, largely by women associated with the second-wave feminist movement . Central to second-wave feminism was the practice of consciousness raising , which allowed groups of women to speak openly about their experiences with sexual violence and the shortcomings of law enforcement, health care providers, and the criminal justice system to effectively and constructively respond to survivors.Among

1215-411: The end. " Kai " (και), meaning "and", was added to form " the beginning and the end ". "Kai" was soon changed to Chi ( Χ ), a letter of the Greek alphabet which has the same English pronunciation. Alpha Chi Omega's colors of scarlet red and olive green were chosen to commemorate the fraternity's fall founding. Its flower is a red carnation , which exemplifies the fraternity's colors, and its tree

1260-492: The fact that RCCs now more closely resemble mainstream organisations, they still occupy an important place in the anti-rape movement. When dealing with rape survivors, the fact that RCCs have no interest other than in providing emotional support and assistance to survivors distinguishes them from physicians who are primarily concerned with treating injuries, law enforcement officers who are primarily concerned with ascertaining facts, or prosecutors who primarily concerned with building

1305-499: The first was the Washington D.C. Rape Crisis Center, founded in 1972 by women identifying with the radical branch of the women's movement. The D.C. RCC published a pamphlet entitled "How to Start a Rape Crisis Center", which provided a model for other early RCCs to follow. While the goals of RCCs have remained largely unchanged since their creation in the 1970s, they have undergone a number of structural changes. Among these changes

1350-518: The fraternity adopted supporting victims of domestic violence as its primary national philanthropy. As of 2018, Alpha Chi Omega is partnered with Mary Kay , The Allstate Foundation's Purple Purse, The One Love Foundation, RAINN , and It's On Us . The fraternity also supports Kristin's Story in cooperation with Delta Delta Delta , a nonprofit set up by the Delta Delta Delta mother of an Alpha Chi Omega member who committed suicide following

1395-513: The fraternity to the university with a soirée musical on February 26, 1886. He would maintain his involvement in Alpha Chi Omega after leaving the university, for the next 25 years. Howe created a second music sorority called Phi Mu Epsilon in 1892. It remained a local sorority until 1902, when a second chapter was established at Syracuse University , before affiliating with Mu Phi Epsilon in 1906. During his ten years as dean of

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1440-453: The immediate aftermath of the assault and in the months and sometimes years following the attack. They are usually situated in a secure location and employ a multidisciplinary team of practitioners to provide medical, psychological, and practical support to the victim. Rape crisis centres typically provide medical, practical, and emotional support to the victim in the aftermath of rape, sexual assault or sexual abuse . In Australia, there are

1485-711: The of Mr. and Mrs. James E. Gordon. The couple did not have any children. Howe was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution . After a long sickness, Howe died on April 12, 1934, in Seattle, Washington at the age of 75. He was buried in the Harmony Cemetery in Boxford, Massachusetts. Howe left his estate to Ruth G. Chastain, his student for two years and a former music teacher. Rather than

1530-648: The piano, organ, orchestra, and vocals. Howe was born November 14, 1856, in Boxford in Essex County, Massachusetts . His parents were Mary Ann (née Lowe) and Edward Everett Howe. He was the sixth of their eight children. Howe graduated from the New England Conservatory of Music in 1878. He enrolled in the College of Music of Boston University , graduating with an M.B. in 1882. Howe

1575-706: The state song, with Martha Washington. He composed for the Seattle Oratorio Society in 1928. In 1929, he performed music and gave lecture-recitals for ladies clubs and colleges. One of his lectures, "The Red Devils of the Board of Trade", was not musical and showed his new interest in the stock market and consumer issues. He also wrote The Dragon and Juggernaut of Speculation as Exemplified in Gambling in Prices of Our Food Products. A variety of dahlia

1620-539: The state. In the Northern Territory , there are a number of Sexual assault referral centres (SARCs) which provide support, education, and advocacy. There is only 24/7 access to medical, legal and counselling information at Darwin and Alice Springs SARCs. In Western Australia there are five Sexual Assault Support Services in the regions, and a SARC in Perth . Most of the state and territory services have

1665-410: The summer school for a second year in 1900. The Pacific Grove Summer School of Music continued into the 1950s. Howe was the organist and music director of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in San Francisco in 1900 In 1901, he was the organist and director of the choir at St. Dominic's Catholic Church in San Francisco. He also taught organ, pianoforte, harmony, and voice. He was the musical director of

1710-577: The symphony-quality musicians of Seattle on contract. In September 1916, Howe was the pianist and accompanist for several concerts in Alaska and British Columbia and with Aileen Ferluce , an Alaskan prima donna and harpist . In 1922, Howe was the dean of the American College of Music in Seattle. He taught classes, gave concerts and developed the college's course of study. He was also

1755-452: The “History of Pianoforte Technique” and “My System of Pianoforte Technique". Howe's program was recreated by piano professors Glen Sherman, Claude Cymerman , and Lorna Griffitt for the celebration of the School of Music's centennial in 1984. In 1885, Howe noticed that the other departments at DePauw had student organizations and decided that a national women's musical society would benefit

1800-539: Was a pianist . Howe taught at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. In addition, he worked as an organist and choir director in Boston. In 1884, Howe became the first dean of the Music School at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana . During his first year as dean, he performed the first recital of the School of Music. He also presented lecture recitals on

1845-456: Was considered to be a professional music society and its members were music majors. Later, the minimum membership requirement became registration in any music course. In 1889, a national literary fraternity offered to merge with Alpha Chi Omega; however, unlike typical professional fraternities, Alpha Chi never considered admitting members of other fraternities. In 1900, the fraternity added literary qualifications, which led to it being considered

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1890-659: Was named in his honor. Howe married Liley Cramphorn in the First Methodist Episcopal Church of San Jose on December 12, 1899. She was originally from Rochester, England but was living in San Jose where she was the secretary of the Pacific Grove Summer School of Music . The church was decorated by the San Jose Oratorio Society. The San Francisco Oratorio Society and San Francisco Philharmonic Society hosted their reception at

1935-614: Was run as a collective , and was underpinned by a feminist philosophy, which clashed with neo-liberal ideologies which came to the fore in the 21st century. By 2000 there were only 25 functioning rape crisis centres, and the national office in Wellington was closed. By 2018 there were only six such centres. As of 2023 , the Sexual Abuse Assessment and Treatment Service (SAATS) is a national service providing medical assistance to sexual assault victims. There are

1980-729: Was the conductor of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra for a series of ten semi-popular symphony concerts in held the Golden Gate Hall. He was one of two oratorio leaders of San Francisco. He was the conductor of the San Francisco Oratorio Society, the Oakland Oratorio, and the San Jose Oratorio Society. In April 1897, Howe was the conductor for a music festival that featured the three oratorio socieities and

2025-404: Was the first dean of the Music School at DePauw University . He was instrumental in creating Alpha Chi Omega collegiate women's fraternity, one of the first Greek letter organizations for women in the United States. Howe was the conductor of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra and director of numerous oratorio societies in San Francisco and Seattle. He was also a composer of music for

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