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41-510: The 108 was launched at the Paris Motor Show in autumn 1957, but production volumes were low and the company’s principal offering continued to be the older 106 model until 1960. The Alpine 106 had taken its name from the first three digits of the four-digit homologation number of the old Renault 4CV on which the car was based. Applying the same logic, the new car should have been called 109 because it used mechanical components from

82-543: A bank, and newspaper kiosks along the avenue. Paris Métro Line 1 runs under the Champs-Élysées. Several stations are located along it - stations from west to east are: Charles de Gaulle – Étoile at the street's west end at Arc de Triomphe , George V by the Hôtel George-V , Franklin D. Roosevelt at the rond-point des Champs-Élysées, Champs-Élysées – Clemenceau at place Clemenceau and Concorde at

123-667: A first effort to stem these changes, the City of Paris (which has called this trend " banalisation ") initially decided in 2007 to prohibit the Swedish clothing chain H&;M from opening a store on the avenue; however, a large H&M store opened two years later at 88 Champs-Élysées. In 2008, American clothing chain Abercrombie & Fitch was given permission to open a store. The Champs-Élysées has mid-size shopping malls, extending

164-581: Is a biennial auto show in Paris. Held during October, it is one of the most important auto shows, often with many new production automobile and concept car debuts. The show presently takes place in Paris expo Porte de Versailles . The Mondial is scheduled by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles , which considers it a major international auto show. In 2016,

205-618: Is the oldest standing committee in Paris. The committee has always dedicated itself to seeking public projects to enhance the avenue's unique atmosphere, and to lobby the authorities for extended business hours and to organizing special events. Today, the committee, in coordination with other professional organisations, may review with the Parisian administration the addition to the avenue of new businesses whose floor area would exceed 1000 square meters. The arrival of global chain stores in recent years has strikingly changed its character, and in

246-574: The COVID-19 pandemic 48°49′51″N 2°17′12″E  /  48.8308°N 2.2867°E  / 48.8308; 2.2867 Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es The Avenue des Champs-Élysées ( UK : / ˌ ʃ ɒ̃ z eɪ ˈ l iː z eɪ , ɛ -/ , US : / ʃ ɒ̃ z ˌ eɪ l i ˈ z eɪ / ; French: [av(ə)ny de ʃɑ̃z‿elize] ) is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris , France, 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide, running between

287-544: The First World War motor shows were suspended, meaning that the show of October 1919 was only the 15th "Salon". There was again no Paris Motor Show in 1925, the venue having been booked instead for an Exhibition of Decorative Arts . In October 1926, the Motor Show returned, this being the 26th Paris Salon de l'Automobile . The outbreak of war again intervened in 1939 when the 33rd Salon de l'Automobile

328-659: The French Revolution , two equestrian statues, made in 1745 by Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou, were transferred from the former royal palace at Marly and placed at the beginning of the boulevard and park. After the downfall of Napoleon and the restoration of the French monarchy, the trees had to be replanted, because the occupation armies of the Russians, British, and Prussians during the Hundred Days had camped in

369-628: The Paris Opera , in 1883. Throughout its history, the avenue has been the site of military parades; the most famous were the victory parades of German troops in 1871 and again in 1940 celebrating the Fall of France on 14 July 1940, and the three most joyous were the parades celebrating the Allied victory in the First World War in 1919, and the parades of Free French and American forces after

410-726: The Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located. It is known for its theatres, cafés, and luxury shops; as the finish of the Tour de France cycling race; and for its annual Bastille Day military parade . The name is French for the Elysian Fields , the place for dead heroes in Greek mythology . It has been described as

451-701: The Third French Republic became the official residence of the Presidents of France. The park served again as an exposition site during the Universal Exposition of 1900 ; it became the home of the Grand Palais and Petit Palais . It also became the home of a new panorama theater, designed by Gabriel Davioud , the chief architect of Napoleon III, in 1858. The modern theater Marigny was built by Charles Garnier , architect of

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492-538: The Tuileries Palace , which had been built in 1564, and which Le Nôtre had rebuilt in his own formal style for Louis XIV in 1664. Le Nôtre planned a wide promenade between the palace and the modern Rond Point, lined with two rows of elm trees on either side, and flowerbeds in the symmetrical style of the French formal garden . The new boulevard was called the "Grand Cours", or "Grand Promenade". It did not take

533-431: The first round of voting in the 2017 French presidential election . On 19 June 2017, a suspected terrorist drove a munitions-laden car into a police vehicle on the Champs-Élysées. The attacker was then shot dead. On 16 March 2019, Gilets Jaunes protests on the Champs-Élysées erupted into violence. A portion of the 10,000 protesters in the city, about 1,500 people, looted and/or set on fire some 80 shops, restaurants,

574-597: The largest military parade in Europe passes down the Champs-Élysées, reviewed by the President of the Republic . Every year during Advent , Christmastide , and Epiphany , the 'Champs-Élysées' Committee contribute for the holidays seasons lighting of the Champs-Élysées. This generally occurs from late November until early January. From 1975 to 2023, the last stage of the Tour de France cycling race has finished on

615-525: The "most beautiful avenue in the whole world". The avenue runs for 1.91 km (1.19 mi) through the 8th arrondissement in northwestern Paris , from the Place de la Concorde in the east, with the Obelisk of Luxor , to the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly the Place de l'Étoile ) in the west, location of the Arc de Triomphe . The Champs-Élysées forms part of the Axe historique . The lower part of

656-533: The 100,000 pedestrians who visited the Champs-Élysées each day in 2019 were tourists and another 22% worked there. At the beginning of 2021, the Mayor of Paris , Anne Hidalgo , announced that the city would transform the Champs-Élysées into an "extraordinary garden" which will reduce the space for auto traffic by half, add more pedestrian space, and create "tunnels of trees" for improved air quality. A walkway will connect over 200 acres of green space stretching between

697-684: The Arc de Triomphe, the Place de la Concorde, and the Tuileries Gardens. The city intends to adopt the plans formulated by the Champs-Élysées Committee, which has been campaigning for a redesign of the avenue since 2018 and which held a public consultation as to what the redesign should include. The plans are meant to make the avenue more "ecological, desirable and inclusive," and will cost an estimated €250 million. It will include

738-518: The Avenue itself. The Champs-Élysées ends at the Arc de Triomphe , built to honor the victories of Napoléon Bonaparte . Until the reign of Louis XIV , the land where the Champs-Élysées runs today was largely occupied by fields and kitchen gardens. The Champs-Élysées and its gardens were originally laid out in 1667 by André Le Nôtre as an extension of the Tuileries Garden , the gardens of

779-751: The Champs-Élysées, from the Place de la Concorde to the Rond-Point, runs through the Jardin des Champs-Élysées , a park which contains the Grand Palais , the Petit Palais , the Théâtre Marigny , and several restaurants, gardens, and monuments. The Élysée Palace on the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré — official residence of the President of the French Republic —borders the park, but is not on

820-510: The Champs-Élysées. Between 1854 and 1870, Napoléon III orchestrated the reconstruction of the French capital. The medieval centre of the city was demolished and replaced with broad tree-lined boulevards, covered walkways and arcades. In 1855, Emperor Napoleon III selected the park at the beginning of the avenue as the site of the first great international exposition to be held in Paris, the Exposition Universelle . The park

861-589: The Champs-Élysées. The subsequent awards ceremony also takes place directly on the avenue. In 1995, terror attacks by Algerian militants took place in France; one attack took place at the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, wounding 17. Huge gatherings occasionally take place on the Champs-Élysées in celebration of popular events, such as New Year's Eve, or when France won the FIFA World Cup in 1998 and 2018 . The Champs-Élysées has occasionally been

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902-478: The Paris Motor Show welcomed 1,253,513 visitors, making it the most visited auto show in the world, ahead of Tokyo and Frankfurt. The key figures of the show are: 125,000 m (1,350,000 sq ft) of exhibition, 8 pavilions, 260 brands from 18 countries, 65 world premieres, more than 10 000 test drives for electric and hybrid cars, more than 10 000 journalists from 103 countries. Until 1986, it

943-686: The architect Mariano Ruiz de Chavez was commissioned to redesign the Place de la Concorde and the gardens of the Champs-Élysées. He kept the formal gardens and flowerbeds essentially intact, but turned the garden into a sort of outdoor amusement park, with a summer garden café, the Alcazar d'eté; two restaurants, the Ledoyen and the restaurant de l'Horloge; a theater, the Lacaze; the Panorama, built in 1839, where large historical paintings were displayed; and

984-495: The avenue has been closed to motor traffic on the first Sunday of every month, in an effort to cut pollution in the city. A 2019 article in The Guardian stated that the avenue "has more and more visitors and big name businesses battle to be on it, but to French people it's looking worn out.” It has also become mainly a tourist attraction, which Parisians largely avoid. According to the architect Philippe Chiambaretta, 72% of

1025-405: The cirque d'eté (1841), a large hall for popular theater, musical, and circus performances. He also placed several ornamental fountains around the park, of which three are still in place. In 1846, Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, the future Napoleon III , Emperor of the French, lived for a brief period in lodgings just off Lord Street, Southport . It is claimed the street is the inspiration behind

1066-498: The introduction of an Alpine 108 cabriolet and a 2+2 coupé. These versions were slightly longer than the original and featured a newly developed “beams and backbone” chassis with the beams at each end supporting cradles which carried respectively the engine at the rear and the steering mechanism at the front. This basic architecture would be used for Alpine sports cars until the Alpine A110 was phased out in 1977. These models, like

1107-484: The late 19th century, the Champs-Élysées had become a fashionable avenue; the trees on either side had grown enough to form rectangular groves ( cabinets de verdure ). The gardens of the town houses of the nobility built along the Faubourg Saint-Honoré backed onto the formal gardens. The grandest of the private mansions near the Avenue was the Élysée Palace , a private residence of the nobility which during

1148-573: The liberation of the city, respectively, the French 2nd Armored Division on 25 August 1944, and the US 28th Infantry Division on 29 August 1944. In 1860, the merchants joined to form the Syndicat d'Initiative et de Défense des Champs-Élysées , an association to promote commerce along the avenue. In 1980, the group changed its name to the Comité des Champs-Élysées and to Comité Champs-Élysées in 2008. It

1189-545: The modern buildings of the Parc des Expositions , on the south western edge of central Paris at the Porte de Versailles , where the show had been held since 1962. There was no "Salon de l'Automobile" in 1920 There was no "Salon de l'Automobile" in 1925 due to the venue having been allocated to an Exhibition of Decorative Arts No shows were held from 1939 until 1945 There was no "Salon de l'Automobile" in 2020 due to

1230-570: The name of Champs-Élysées until 1709. In 1710 the avenue was extended beyond the Rond-Point as far as the modern Place d'Étoile. In 1765 the garden was remade in the Le Nôtre style by Abel François Poisson , the marquis de Marigny, brother of the Madame de Pompadour and Director-General of the King's Buildings. Marigny extended the avenue again in 1774 as far as the modern Porte Maillot . Following

1271-575: The newer Renault Dauphine which was registered under the French homologation number 1090, but instead the new car, which inherited many of its non-mechanical components from the 106, was given the name Alpine 108. In this form, where the 106 had used an engine from the Renault 4CV , the new model, as launched in 1957, used the Gordini version of the 845 cc engine fitted in the Dauphine. 1960 saw

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1312-567: The original coupé, were assembled by Chappe et Gessalin , but with a wheelbase lengthened by 7 cm (2.8 in). The mechanical elements were as before, with the Renault Dauphine engine offered in 845 cc or 904 cc form. The lesser engine offered 37 hp (27 kW), while the bigger one claimed 53 hp (39 kW). By the time production of the 108 came to an end in 1965, fewer than 100 of these lengthened versions had been produced. The 108 played an important part in

1353-745: The park and used the trees for firewood. The avenue from the Rond-Point to the Étoile was built up during the Empire . The major monument of the Boulevard, the Arc de Triomphe , had been commissioned by Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz , but it was not finished when he fell from power in 1815. The monument remained unfinished until 1833–1836, when it was completed by King Louis Philippe . The Champs-Élysées itself became city property in 1828, and footpaths, fountains, and, later, gas lighting were added. In 1834, under King Louis Philippe I ,

1394-954: The shopping area: Élysées 26 (26) with Agatha jewellery and l'Eclaireur fashion, Galeries du Claridge (74) with Annick Goutal perfumes, Fnac, Paul & Shark, Arcades des Champs-Élysées (78) with Starbucks. The list of fashion stores include Adidas (22), Abercrombie & Fitch (23), Zara (40, 44), J.M. Weston (55), Foot Locker (66), Longchamp (77), Nike (79), Levi's (76), H&M (88), Morgan (92), Lacoste (93–95), Marks & Spencer (100), Louis Vuitton (101), Hugo Boss (115), Massimo Dutti (116), Petit Bateau (116), Milady (120), Dior (127), Celio (146, 150). The list of perfume stores include Guerlain (68) (Le 68 de Guy Martin), Sephora multi brand (70), Yves Rocher (102). Jewellers: Tiffany & Co. (62), Bulgari (136), Swarovski (146), Cartier (154). Book and music store: FNAC (74). The list of car show-rooms include Citroen (42), Renault (53), Toyota (79), Mercedes (118), Peugeot (136). Every year on Bastille Day on 14 July,

1435-427: The site of large political protest meetings. On 20 April 2017, a police officer was shot dead on the Champs-Élysées by an extremist and two other officers were injured. They were all sitting in a parked police van, when the attacker pulled up in front of the van. The attacker tried to shoot civilians (including a tourist) and was immediately shot dead by other police on the spot. The shooting happened two days before

1476-572: The southern end of the avenue, where the Place de la Concorde is located. The Champs-Élysées has encountered rising problems with air pollution from the estimated 3,000 vehicles per hour which drive through its eight lanes. It is more polluted than the Périphérique ring road which encircles the city, with nitrogen dioxide levels twice as high as the recommended limit set by the World Health Organization . Since 2016,

1517-546: The transformation of Alpine into a mainstream (though always low volume) car producer. In 1960, an upgraded version of the model known as the Berlinette Tour de France replaced the original “coach” version of the car. The obvious visual difference was at the front, where the headlights were now integrated into the front wing behind a windcheating perspex cover. This was the model offered in the showrooms from autumn 1960 and which continued in production until 1965, preparing

1558-599: The way for the commercially more successful A110 . The A108 was also produced in Brazil, thanks to an agreement with Willys-Overland. Renamed as Willys Interlagos, the model was built in three versions: berlinette , coupé , and convertible . The car also had a successful racing career. From 1962 to 1966, a total of 822 Interlagos were made in São Bernardo do Campo , São Paulo . Paris Motor Show The Paris Motor Show ( French : Mondial de l'Automobile )

1599-586: Was called the Salon de l'Automobile ; it took the name Mondial de l'Automobile in 1988 and Mondial Paris Motor Show in 2018. The show was held annually until 1976; since which time, it has been held biennially. The show was the first motor show in the world, started in 1898 by industry pioneer, Jules-Albert de Dion . After 1910, it was held at the Grand Palais in the Champs-Élysées . During

1640-479: Was cancelled at short notice. Normality of a sorts returned some six years later and the 33rd "Salon" finally opened in October 1946. In January 1977, it was announced that no Paris Motor Show would take place that year, because of the "current economic situation": at the same time the organisers confirmed that a 1978 Auto Salon for Paris was planned. The 65th Salon de Paris duly opened on 15 October 1978 in

1681-748: Was the location of the Palace of Industry, a giant exhibit hall which covered thirty thousand square meters, where the Grand Palais is today. In 1858, following the Exposition, the Emperor's prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann , had the gardens transformed from a formal French garden into a picturesque English style garden, based on a small town called Southport, with groves of trees, flowerbeds, and winding paths. The rows of elm trees, which were in poor health, were replaced by rows of chestnut trees. By

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