40°47′24″N 73°58′17″W / 40.789997°N 73.971269°W / 40.789997; -73.971269
121-548: The Apthorp Farm occupied the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City between the 18th and early 20th centuries. It straddled the old Bloomingdale Road, laid out in 1728, which was re-surveyed as The "Boulevard" – now Upper Broadway . The Apthorp Farm was the largest block of real estate remaining from the " Bloomingdale District ", a rural suburb of 18th-century New York City . Legal disputes between
242-526: A beer garden, public inn and picnic grounds called "Elm Park". Apthorp's house faced the Hudson River , whose far shore and the Hudson Palisades were visible from its elevated position. It stood on a fieldstone service basement lit from a light well that surrounded the house. Six steps led to a wide and deeply recessed entrance bay and an arch-headed main door with flanking windows united by
363-488: A century the event was commemorated annually with patriotic and political connotations, as well as embracing a general holiday atmosphere. Sometimes featured were greasy pole climbing contests for boys to recreate taking down the Union Jack . Evacuation Day also became a time for theatrical spectacle, with for example an 1832 Bowery Theatre double bill of Junius Brutus Booth and Thomas D. Rice . David Van Arsdale
484-505: A college education or higher. The percentage of the Upper West Side students excelling in math rose from 35% in 2000 to 66% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 43% to 56% during the same time period. The Upper West Side's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In the Upper West Side, 14% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , less than
605-424: A common cornice, the " Palladian window ". A similar grouping over it lit the central upper hall. On either side there were two flanking bays with pedimented window surrounds on the grand main floor and square three-over-three windows on the bedroom floor. There were two dormer windows in the attic. At each corner was a colossal fluted Ionic pilaster ; the architecturally correct entablature was carried straight across
726-533: A cultural work. However, with the support of Councilwoman Margaret Chin , and after supporters of the renaming pointed to streets and plazas named after "Do the Right Thing Way", "Diversity Plaza", "Hip Hop Boulevard", and " Ragamuffin Way ", the council reversed its decision and approved the renaming of the street on February 5, 2016. NEW YORK, Nov As the sun rise guns pealed forth at Fort William. Old Glory
847-459: A deal with Trump. The community's links to the events of September 11, 2001 were evinced in Upper West Side resident and Pulitzer Prize winner David Halberstam 's paean to the men of Ladder Co 40/Engine Co 35, just a few blocks from his home, in his book Firehouse . Today, this area is the site for several long-established charitable institutions; their unbroken parcels of land have provided suitably scaled sites for Columbia University and
968-567: A flagpole at Fort George on the Battery at the southern tip of Manhattan. The pole was greased as a final act of defiance. After a number of men attempted to tear down the British colors, wooden cleats were cut and nailed to the pole and, with the help of a ladder, an army veteran, John Van Arsdale , was able to ascend the pole, remove the flag, and replace it with the Stars and Stripes before
1089-503: A lane forty-feet wide extending down to the Bloomingdale Road. The New York Times observed in 1910 "Had this tract been handed down from son to son on the British landed gentry system the owner to-day would virtually be New York's Duke of Westminster ." The house gained its name of "Elmwood" from the mature American elms that shaded it until it was demolished in 1891 to make way for 91st Street, having served for decades as
1210-609: A library shelf. One such book owned by Charles Ward Apthorp is known, for he inscribed his name and the date 1759 in a copy of a translation of Sébastien Leclerc 's architectural treatise that was published in London as A Treatise of Architecture, with Remarks and Observations By that Excellent Master thereof Sébastien Leclerc, Knight of the Empire, Designer and Engraver to the Cabinet of the late French King... Its four dedications were to
1331-479: A low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 5%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in the Upper West Side is 0.0083 milligrams per cubic metre (8.3 × 10 oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Ten percent of Upper West Side residents are smokers , which
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#17327797645011452-450: A lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 95.5% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 0 murders, 14 rapes, 116 robberies, 102 felony assaults, 136 burglaries, 877 grand larcenies, and 75 grand larcenies auto in 2022. Of the five major violent felonies (murder, rape, felony assault, robbery, and burglary), the 20th Precinct had a rate of 250 crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019, compared to
1573-489: A mixture of income levels and occupations patronized the same gay bars in the neighborhood, making it markedly different from most gay enclaves elsewhere in the city. The influx of white gay men in the Fifties and Sixties is often credited with accelerating the gentrification of the Upper West Side. In a subsequent phase of urban renewal, the rail yards which had formed the Upper West Side's southwest corner were replaced by
1694-579: A part of the New York based Military Society of the War of 1812. "I saw the hand of Asa Bird Gardiner behind all this. He tried to do me out of I my privileges before, and he has succeeded now. The Veteran Corps was really wiped out in 1872 and in 1892 Mr. Gardiner was instrumental in organizing the present one. He wanted me and C. B. Riker to join, but we refused. In former years the Anderson Post,
1815-417: A part of the Upper West Side – the present-day Manhattan Valley neighborhood – located between 96th and 110th Streets and bounded on the east by Amsterdam Avenue and on the west by Riverside Drive , Riverside Park , and the Hudson River . Its name was a derivation of the description given to the area by Dutch settlers to New Netherland , likely from Bloemendaal , a town in the tulip region . The name
1936-428: A position he held right through the British occupation of New York, until the 1783 evacuation , earning him the fierce opprobrium of his Patriot neighbors. Aside from his private drive, Apthorp laid out cross-lanes on his farm, long known as Stryker's Lane and Jauncey's Lane. Jauncey's Lane gained its name from the rich Englishman, William Jauncey, who purchased Apthorp's "Elmwood". Also called "Apthorp's Lane" or simply
2057-476: A revival late in the 20th century, largely through the efforts of the Riverside Park Fund, a citizen's group. Largely through their efforts and the support of the city, much of the park has been improved. The Hudson River Greenway along the river-edge of the park is a common route for pedestrians and bicyclists; an extension to the park's greenway runs between 83rd and 91st Streets on a promenade in
2178-415: A scuffle between a British officer and the proprietress of a boarding house, as she defiantly raised her own American flag before noon. Following the departure of the British, the city was secured by American troops under the command of General Henry Knox . Entry to the city under General George Washington was delayed until a still-flying British Union Flag could be removed. The flag had been nailed to
2299-708: A street in Lower Manhattan , to Evacuation Day Plaza was proposed by Arthur R. Piccolo, the chairman of the Bowling Green Association, and James S. Kaplan of the Lower Manhattan Historical Society. The proposal was initially turned down by the New York City Council in 2016 because the council's rules for street renaming specify that a renamed street must commemorate a person, an organization, or
2420-457: A venue that was favored by the large German immigrant community in Manhattan. It was also used as a parade ground by the 69th Regiment in 1855. In 1870, it was the site of the first Orange riot , in which Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics clashed, killing 8 people. The Apthorp , the grand apartment block that commemorates Apthorp's name, was built in 1908 on the site of a house built in
2541-472: Is Columbus Avenue to a slightly lesser extent. The following lists a few prominent ones: The Upper West Side is patrolled by two precincts of the NYPD . The 20th Precinct is located at 120 West 82nd Street and serves the part of the neighborhood south of 86th Street , while the 24th Precinct is located at 151 West 100th Street and serves the part of the neighborhood north of 86th Street. The 20th Precinct has
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#17327797645012662-497: Is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City . It is bounded by Central Park on the east, the Hudson River on the west, West 59th Street to the south, and West 110th Street to the north. The Upper West Side is adjacent to the neighborhoods of Hell's Kitchen to the south, Columbus Circle to the southeast, and Morningside Heights to the north. Like the Upper East Side opposite Central Park,
2783-680: Is bounded on the south by 59th Street , Central Park to the east, the Hudson River to the west, and 110th Street to the north. The area north of West 96th Street and east of Broadway is also identified as Manhattan Valley . The overlapping area west of Amsterdam Avenue to Riverside Park was once known as the Bloomingdale District. From west to east, the avenues of the Upper West Side are Riverside Drive , West End Avenue (11th Avenue), Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue (10th Avenue), Columbus Avenue (9th Avenue), and Central Park West (8th Avenue). The 66-block stretch of Broadway forms
2904-569: Is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 93% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", the highest rate in the city and more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in the Upper West Side, there are 3 bodegas . Mount Sinai Urgent Care Upper West Side is located in the Upper West Side. Upper West Side is located in three primary ZIP Codes . From south to north, they are 10023 south of 76th Street, 10024 between 76th and 91st Streets, and 10025 north of 91st Street. In addition, Riverside South
3025-482: Is home to the largest community of young Modern Orthodox singles outside of Israel. However, the Upper West Side also features a substantial number of non-Orthodox Jews. A number of major synagogues are located in the neighborhood, including the oldest Jewish congregation in the United States, Shearith Israel ; New York's second-oldest and the third-oldest Ashkenazi synagogue, B'nai Jeshurun ; Rodeph Sholom ;
3146-410: Is less than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In the Upper West Side, 10% of residents are obese , 5% are diabetic , and 21% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 10% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which
3267-585: Is part of 10069. The United States Postal Service operates five post offices in the Upper West Side: The Upper West Side generally has a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 . A majority of residents age 25 and older (78%) have a college education or higher, while 6% have less than a high school education and 16% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have
3388-592: Is said to have raised the flag after his father's death in 1836. There was also a traditional parade from near the current Cooper Union down the Bowery to the Battery. The importance of the commemoration was waning in 1844, with the approach of the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848. However, the dedication of the monument to William J. Worth , the Mexican–American War general, at Madison Square
3509-511: The 79th Street Boat Basin , but also cut pedestrians off from direct access to most of the riverfront by building the Henry Hudson Parkway by the river's edge. According to Robert Caro 's book on Moses, The Power Broker , Riverside Park was designed with most of the amenities located in predominantly white neighborhoods, with the neighborhoods closer to Harlem getting shorter shrift. Riverside Park, like Central Park, underwent
3630-718: The Cathedral of Saint John the Divine , as well as for some vanished landmarks, such as the Schwab Mansion on Riverside Drive . The name Bloomingdale is still used in reference to a part of the Upper West Side, essentially the location of old Bloomingdale Village, the area from about 96th Street up to 110th Street and from Riverside Park east to Amsterdam Avenue. The triangular block bound by Broadway, West End Avenue, 106th Street and 107th Street, although generally known as Straus Park (named for Isidor Straus and his wife Ida),
3751-904: The Century and Majestic by Irwin Chanin, the Orwell House by the firm of Mulliken and Moeller, and the San Remo and El Dorado by Emery Roth . Roth also designed the Beresford , the Alden, and the Ardsley on Central Park West. His first major commission, the Belle Époque -style Belleclaire Hotel , is on Broadway, while the moderne -style Normandy stands on Riverside at 86th Street. Along Broadway are several large apartment houses, including
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3872-817: The Confederation Congress was then meeting at the Maryland State House to consider the terms of the Treaty of Paris. At their session in the Old Senate Chamber, he made a short statement and offered his sword and the papers of his commission to the President and the delegates, thereby resigning as commander-in-chief . He then retired to his plantation home, Mount Vernon , in Virginia . Public celebrations were first held on
3993-644: The Continental Army retreated across the East River by benefit of both a retreat and holding action by well-trained Maryland Line troops at Gowanus Creek and Canal and a night fog which obscured the barges and boats evacuating troops to Manhattan Island. On September 15, 1776, the British flag replaced the American atop Fort George , where it was to remain until Evacuation Day. Washington's Continentals subsequently withdrew north and west out of
4114-693: The General Society of the War of 1812 , were the true heirs of the Veteran Corps of Artillery . In 1900, Christopher R. Forbes was denied the honor of raising the flag at the Battery on Independence Day and on Evacuation Day and it appears that neither he nor any Veterans' organization associated with the Van Arsdale-Riker family or the Anderson Zouaves took part in the ceremony after this time. In 1901, Forbes raised
4235-538: The Hudson River , before long to become a right-of-way for the Hudson River Railroad . William Burnham rented it from 1839, maintaining it as the somewhat genteel roadhouse called "Burnham's Mansion House" A large parcel of the southern part of the Apthorp farm extending north to 89th Street, was purchased in 1860 by the real estate magnate William B. Astor whose son, John Jacob Astor III , had married
4356-717: The Navesink Twin Lights , Princeton , and Ramapo Mountain State Forest near Oakland. The five New York locations which contributed to the celebration are; Bear Mountain State Park , Storm King State Park , Scenic Hudson's Spy Rock (Snake Hill) in New Windsor, Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site in Newburgh, Scenic Hudson's Mount Beacon . The renaming of a portion of Bowling Green ,
4477-709: The New York Institute of Technology in the Columbus Circle proximity and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School located at the south end. The Upper West Side is part of Manhattan Community District 7 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10023, 10024, 10025, and 10069. It is patrolled by the 20th and 24th Precincts of the New York City Police Department . The Upper West Side
4598-567: The North River was little used or traversed by the Lenape people. A combination of the stream valleys, such as that in which 96th Street runs, and wetlands to the northeast and east, may have protected a portion of the Upper West Side from the Lenape's controlled burns; lack of periodic ground fires results in a denser understory and more fire-intolerant trees, such as American Beech . In
4719-616: The Old Guard . Future commemorations were forestalled by the American entry into World War I and the alliance with Britain. The position of the flagstaff at this time was described as near Battery Park's sculptures of John Ericsson and Giovanni da Verrazzano . The commemorative flagpole was still listed as an attraction on a map of Battery Park in the WPA New York City Guide of 1939. On Evacuation Day 1922,
4840-661: The Riverside South residential project, which included a southward extension of Riverside Park. The evolution of Riverside South had a 40-year history, often extremely bitter, beginning in 1962 when the New York Central Railroad , in partnership with the Amalgamated Lithographers Union , proposed a mixed-use development with 12,000 apartments, Litho City, to be built on platforms over the tracks. The subsequent bankruptcy of
4961-676: The Stephen Wise Free Synagogue ; and numerous others such as the Jewish Center , and West Side Institutional . From the post-WWII years until the AIDS epidemic , the neighborhood, especially below 86th Street, had a substantial gay population. As the neighborhood had deteriorated, it was affordable to working class gay men, and those just arriving in the city and looking for their first white collar jobs. Its ethnically mixed gay population, mostly Hispanic and white, with
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5082-558: The Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle, and the Riverside South apartment complex built by Donald Trump , the area from 58th Street to 65th Street is increasingly referred to as Lincoln Square by realtors who acknowledge a different tone and ambiance than that typically associated with the Upper West Side. This is a reversion to the neighborhood's historical name. The long high bluff above useful sandy coves along
5203-584: The statue of Daniel Webster in Central Park was dedicated. A traditional children's rhyme of the era was: It's Evacuation Day, when the British ran away, Please, dear Master, give us holiday! Over time, the celebration and its anti-British sentiments became associated with the local Irish American community. This community's embrace also may have inspired Evacuation Day in Boston , which began to be celebrated there in 1901, and taking advantage of
5324-450: The "Battery Flagstaff" was built adjacent on newly reclaimed land at the Battery. It was privately managed by William and then Lois Keefe. Referred to colloquially as "the churn", as it resembled to some a gigantic butter churn, Washington Irving described a September 1804 visit to the commemorative flagpole in his A History of New York as "The standard of our city, reserved, like a choice handkerchief, for days of gala, hung motionless on
5445-609: The "Crossroad to Harlem," it extended eastwards to Harlem Commons later taken into Central Park . The Crossroad to Harlem had a part to play in the Battle of Harlem Heights , 16 September 1776, for it was the route the British General Clinton took after marching up from the city along the Boston Post Road , in cutting across the island; they failed to intercept Silliman's brigade of militia , toiling up
5566-414: The 1760s by Apthorp and sold in 1767 to his brother-in-law (via both his wife and sister) James McEvers, with its "houses, outhouses, kitchens, barns and stables." McEvers' heirs sold it in 1792 to the second wife of John C. (Jan Cornelius) Van den Heuvel; following her death in 1792 he became Apthorp's son-in-law when he married Charlotte Augusta Apthorp. In 1827 his heirs sold the property, extending down to
5687-489: The 1976 United States Bicentennial . A bicentennial of Evacuation Day in 1983 featured the labor leader Harry Van Arsdale Jr. A commemorative plaque marking Evacuation Day was put on a flagpole at Bowling Green in 1996. The Sons of the Revolution fraternal organization continues to hold an annual 'Evacuation Day Dinner' at Fraunces Tavern , and giving the thirteen toasts from 1783. Though little celebrated in
5808-654: The Belnord (1908), the Apthorp (1908), the Ansonia (1902), the Dorilton (1902), and the Manhasset . All are individually designated New York City landmarks. The serpentine Riverside Drive also has many pre-war houses and larger buildings, while West End Avenue is lined with pre-war Beaux-Arts apartment buildings and townhouses dating from the late-19th and early 20th centuries. Columbus Avenue north of 87th Street
5929-483: The Bloomingdale Road to rejoin the American troops at twilight. The picturesque and leafy lanes marked property boundaries when he left his estate of some 200 acres (0.81 km) among his ten children, but they were abolished, on paper at least, by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 that laid out the present grid plan of Manhattan, which, it was assumed, would take more than a century to build upon. Early suits over
6050-468: The British flag and hoisted the American colors I’d like to know where Mr. Clausen’s great-grandfather was and what he was doing. Later even this tramp permission was revoked. To-day I received another letter from Mr. Clausen informing, me that instead of my participating with the Park Department employees in hoisting the flag, that ceremony would be performed by the Veteran Corps of Artillery ,
6171-502: The British fleet had completely sailed out of sight. The same day, a liberty pole with a flag was erected at New Utrecht Reformed Church ; its successor still stands there. Another liberty pole was raised in Jamaica, Queens , in a celebration that December. Finally, seven years after the retreat from Manhattan on November 16, 1776, General George Washington and Governor of New York George Clinton reclaimed Fort Washington on
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#17327797645016292-522: The Caribbean moved in during the '50s and the '60s. The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opened in the 1960s. The early 20th century marked the beginning of a significant Jewish presence on the Upper West Side. By 1930, Jewish residents constituted approximately one-third of the population living between West 79th and West 110th Streets, from Broadway to the Hudson River. In the 1900s,
6413-503: The New York City government classifies the Upper West Side as part of two neighborhood tabulation areas: Upper West Side (up to 105th Street) and Lincoln Square (down to 58th Street ), divided by 74th Street . Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the combined population of the Upper West Side was 193,867, a change of 1,674 (0.9%) from the 192,193 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 1,162.29 acres (470.36 ha),
6534-652: The Upper West Side is an affluent, primarily residential area with many of its residents working in commercial areas of Midtown and Lower Manhattan . Similarly to the Museum Mile district on the Upper East Side, the Upper West Side is considered one of Manhattan's cultural and intellectual hubs, with Columbia University and Barnard College located just to the north of the neighborhood, the American Museum of Natural History located near its center,
6655-561: The Upper West Side is in New York's 12th congressional district . It is in the New York State Senate 's 30th and 47th districts, the New York State Assembly 's 67th, 69th, and 75th districts, and the New York City Council 's 6th and 7th districts. The apartment buildings along Central Park West , facing the park, are some of the city's most opulent. The Dakota at 72nd Street has been home to numerous celebrities including John Lennon , Leonard Bernstein , and Lauren Bacall . Other buildings on CPW include four twin-towered structures:
6776-453: The Van den Heuvel's granddaughter, Charlotte Gibbes. The Van den Heuvel house, partly rebuilt after a fire but as "Burnham's" still occupying a full city lot between 78th and 79th Streets, west of Broadway to West End Avenue, was purchased by William Waldorf Astor , son of John Jacob Astor III and second great grandson to Charles Ward Apthorp Jr., in 1878. Notes Further reading Upper West Side The Upper West Side ( UWS )
6897-411: The White population. The entirety of Community District 7, which comprises the Upper West Side from 59th Street to 110th Street , had 214,744 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 84.7 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most residents are adults: a plurality (34%) are between
7018-407: The Worshipful Companies of Carvers, Joyners, Bricklayers and Masons of London, each represented by their coat-of-arms. The book passed to Apthorp's nephew, the architect Charles Bulfinch . The ultimate source for all such neo-Palladian five-bay villas with recessed loggia entrances under a pediment, is Palladio's own Villa Emo . Apthorp had been appointed to the Governor's Council the previous year,
7139-502: The ages of 25–44, while 27% are between 45 and 64, and 18% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 15% and 5% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 7 was $ 123,894. In 2018, an estimated 9% of Upper West Side residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty residents (5%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or
7260-435: The anniversary of the lifting of the Siege of Boston in 1776, which was by coincidence on Saint Patrick's Day . As part of Evacuation Day celebrations in 1883 (on November 26), a statue of George Washington was unveiled in front of what is now Federal Hall National Memorial . In the 1890s, the anniversary was celebrated in New York at Battery Park with the raising of the Stars and Stripes by Christopher R. Forbes,
7381-419: The area south of 67th Street was heavily populated by African-Americans and supposedly gained its nickname of " San Juan Hill " in commemoration of African-American soldiers who were a major part of Theodore Roosevelt 's assault on Cuba 's San Juan Hill in the Spanish–American War . By 1960, it was a rough neighborhood of tenement housing, the demolition of which was delayed to allow for exterior shots in
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#17327797645017502-414: The area. The stately tall apartment blocks on West End Avenue and the townhouses on the streets between Amsterdam Avenue and Riverside Drive, which contribute to the character of the area, were all constructed during the pre-depression years of the twentieth century. A revolution in building techniques, the low cost of land relative to lower Manhattan, the arrival of the subway, and the popularization of
7623-409: The boroughwide average of 632 crimes per 100,000 and the citywide average of 572 crimes per 100,000. The 24th Precinct also has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 94.1% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 1 murder, 9 rapes, 150 robberies, 188 felony assaults, 180 burglaries, 526 grand larcenies, and 89 grand larcenies auto in 2022. Of
7744-500: The boroughwide rate of 49 per 100,000 and the citywide rate of 59 per 100,000. Its incarceration rate is 211 per 100,000 people, compared to the boroughwide rate of 407 per 100,000 and the citywide rate of 425 per 100,000. In 2019, the highest concentration of felony assaults and robberies in the Upper West Side was on Columbus Avenue between 100th Street and 104th Street (going through the Frederick Douglass Houses ), where there were 24 felony assaults and 15 robberies. The area around
7865-436: The city began straightening and grading the section of the Bloomingdale Road from Harsenville north, and it became known as "Western Boulevard" or "The Boulevard". It retained that name until the end of the century, when the name Broadway finally supplanted it. Development of the neighborhood lagged even while Central Park was being laid out in the 1860s and '70s, then was stymied by the Panic of 1873 . Things turned around with
7986-519: The city). The British also evacuated over 3,000 Black Loyalists , former slaves they had liberated from the Americans, to Nova Scotia , East Florida , the Caribbean , and London , and refused to return them to their American slaveholders and overseers as the provisions of the Treaty of Paris had required them to do. The Black Brigade were among the last to depart. Carleton gave a final evacuation date of 12:00 noon on November 25, 1783. An anecdote by New York physician Alexander Anderson told of
8107-420: The city. By the 18th century it contained numerous farms and country residences of many of the city's well-off, a major parcel of which was the Apthorp Farm . The main artery of this area was the Bloomingdale Road, which began north of where Broadway and the Bowery Lane (now Fourth Avenue) join (at modern Union Square ) and wended its way northward up to about modern 116th Street in Morningside Heights, where
8228-522: The citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 83% of high school students in the Upper West Side graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%. The New York City Department of Education operates the following public elementary schools in the Upper West Side: The following public middle schools serves grades 6-8 unless otherwise indicated: The following public high schools serve grades 9-12 unless otherwise indicated: Evacuation Day (New York) Evacuation Day on November 25 marks
8349-484: The company drinking to: The morning after, Washington had a public breakfast meeting with Hercules Mulligan , which helped dispel suspicions about the tailor and spy. Washington was still staying at Fraunces Tavern the night of the earthquake a few days later , but being accustomed to battle, his sleep was untroubled. A week later, on December 3, the British detachment under Captain James Duncan, under orders of Rear Admiral Robert Digby , evacuated Governors Island ,
8470-421: The date was also diminished by the Thanksgiving Day Proclamation by 16th President Abraham Lincoln on October 3, 1863, that called on Americans "in every part of the United States, and also those who are at sea and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next as a day of thanksgiving." That year, Thursday fell on November 26. In later years, Thanksgiving
8591-480: The day in 1783 when the British Army departed from New York City on Manhattan Island , after the end of the American Revolutionary War . In their wake, General George Washington triumphantly led the Continental Army from his headquarters north of the city across the Harlem River , and south through Manhattan to the Battery at its southern tip. Following the significant losses at the Battle of Long Island on August 27, 1776, General George Washington and
8712-427: The east of the aqueduct and Bloomingdale to the west. Bloomingdale, in the latter half of the 19th century, was the name of a village that occupied the area just south of 110th Street. Much of the riverfront of the Upper West Side was a shipping, transportation, and manufacturing corridor. The Hudson River Railroad line right-of-way was granted in the late 1830s to connect New York City to Albany, and soon ran along
8833-452: The eaves, broken slightly forward over the entrance bay, where it was surmounted by a pediment. Ionic pilasters marched across the end fronts, three bays deep, whose gables were treated as pediments. The wooden siding was scored to imitate ashlar masonry. It seems that such an unusual design has been adapted from an engraving in one of the illustrated architectural guides, addressed to gentlemen and builders alike, that by 1767 could have filled
8954-481: The eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the Upper West Side-to-be contained some of colonial New York's most ambitious houses, spaced along Bloomingdale Road. It became increasingly infilled with smaller, more suburban villas in the first half of the nineteenth century, and in the middle of the century, parts had become decidedly lower class. The name "Bloomingdale District" was used to refer to
9075-419: The enlarged, but short-lived Penn Central Railroad brought other proposals and prospective developers. The one generating the most opposition was Donald Trump 's "Television City" concept of 1985, which would have included a 152-story office tower and six 75-story residential buildings. In 1991, a coalition of civic organizations proposed a purely residential development of about half that size, and then reached
9196-417: The evacuation of New York. He informed the President of the Confederation Congress that he was proceeding with the subsequent withdrawal of refugees, liberated slaves, and military personnel as fast as possible, but that it was not possible to give an exact date because the number of refugees entering the city recently had increased dramatically (more than 29,000 Loyalist refugees were eventually evacuated from
9317-583: The eventual heirs of the Loyalist Charles Ward Apthorp and purchasers of parcels of real estate held in abeyance the speculative development of the area between 89th and 99th Streets, from Central Park to the Hudson River until final judgment was awarded in July 1910; at that time The New York Times Magazine estimated its worth at US$ 125 million (equivalent to $ 3 billion in 2023). Charles Ward Apthorp Jr. (1729–1797)
9438-502: The film musical West Side Story . Thereafter, urban renewal brought the construction of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and Lincoln Towers apartments during 1962–1968. The Upper West Side is a significant Jewish neighborhood, populated with both German Jews who moved in at the turn of last century, and Jewish refugees escaping Hitler's Europe in the 1930s. Today the area between 85th Street and 100th Street
9559-406: The five major violent felonies (murder, rape, felony assault, robbery, and burglary), the 24th Precinct had a rate of 414 crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019, compared to the boroughwide average of 632 crimes per 100,000 and the citywide average of 572 crimes per 100,000. As of 2018 , Manhattan Community District 7 has a non-fatal assault hospitalization rate of 25 per 100,000 people, compared to
9680-401: The flag at the dedication of Bennett Park . In the early 20th century, the 161-foot flagpole used was the mast of the 1901 America's Cup defender Constitution designed by Herreshoff , replacing a wooden pole struck by lightning in 1909. The event was officially celebrated for the last time on November 25, 1916, with a march down Broadway for a flag raising ceremony by sixty members of
9801-483: The flag on the Fourth, and I received a reply from President Clausen, on June 5 giving me permission to participate in the raising of the flag by the employes of the Park Department. Now any tramp can participate in the raising of the flag if he stands by and looks on, and that was the kind of permission that was given to me. If this was not a snub and an insult, I’d like to know what is. When my great-grandfather hauled down
9922-409: The flag-staff, which forms the handle to a gigantic churn ". In 1809, a new flagstaff further east on the Battery was erected with a decorative gazebo , and was operated as a concession until it was demolished about 1825. The military band led by Patrick Moffat of George Izard 's Second Regiment of Artillery sometimes held evening concerts. The Battery Flagstaff commemorated Evacuation Day, and
10043-440: The foot of 96th Street and the river. The original divisions were carefully made by Apthorp's Patriot son-in-law Hugh Williamson , who had married Maria Apthorp at Elmwood, 3 January 1789. For a time in the mid- to late-19th century, until 1891, the mansion and its grounds, between 90th and 92nd Streets and Ninth (now Columbus) and Tenth (now Amsterdam) Avenues, served as a beer garden, inn and picnic ground known as "Elm Park",
10164-566: The formerly expensive elevator made it possible to construct large apartment buildings for the middle classes. The large scale and style of these buildings is one reason why the neighborhood has remained largely unchanged into the twenty-first century. The neighborhood changed from the 1930s to the 1950s. In 1932, the IND Eighth Avenue Line opened under Central Park West. In 1940, the elevated IRT Ninth Avenue Line over Columbus Avenue closed. Immigrants from Eastern Europe and
10285-515: The fourth anniversary in 1787, with the city's garrison performing a dress review and feu de joie , and in the context of a Federalist push for constitutional ratification following the Philadelphia Convention . On Evacuation Day 1790, the Veteran Corps of Artillery was founded, and it played a significant role in later commemorations. The British Fort George at Bowling Green was also demolished in 1790, and in that year
10406-551: The great civic events of the nineteenth century in New York City." David Van Arsdale had died in November 1883 just before the centennial, having helped revive the event the year previous, and he was succeeded by his grandson. On Evacuation Day 1893, the statue of Nathan Hale in City Hall Park was unveiled. In 1895, Asa Bird Gardiner disputed the rights to organize the flag-raising, claiming that his organization,
10527-507: The great-grandson of John Van Arsdale, with the assistance of a Civil War veterans' association from Manhattan—the Anderson Zouaves . John Lafayette Riker , the original commander of the Anderson Zouaves, was also a grandson of John Van Arsdale. Riker's older brother was the New York genealogist James Riker , who authored Evacuation Day, 1783 for the spectacular 100th anniversary celebrations of 1883, which were ranked as "one of
10648-530: The intersection of 72nd Street and Broadway also had 14 robberies in 2019. The Upper West Side is served by multiple New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations: As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers in the Upper West Side are lower than the city average. In the Upper West Side, there were 78 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 7.1 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). The Upper West Side has
10769-581: The introduction of the Ninth Avenue elevated in the 1870s along Ninth Avenue (renamed Columbus Avenue in 1890), and with Columbia University 's relocation to Morningside Heights in the 1890s, using lands once held by the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum . Riverside Park was conceived in 1866 and formally approved by the state legislature through the efforts of city parks commissioner Andrew Haswell Green . The first segment of park
10890-468: The last of part of the-then City of New York to be occupied, and afterward Major-General Guy Carleton departed Staten Island on December 5. It is claimed a British gunner fired the last shot of the Revolution either on Evacuation Day or when the last British ships left a week later, loosing a cannon at jeering crowds gathered on the shore of Staten Island as his ship passed through the Narrows at
11011-475: The main monument at Battle Pass in Brooklyn's Prospect Park was dedicated. The flagpole was removed during the 1940-1952 construction of Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and the relandscaping of the park. In 1955, the 102-foot Marine Flagstaff was erected in the approximate area of the one formerly commemorating Evacuation Day. Later, City Council President Paul O'Dwyer expressed interest in a restored flagpole for
11132-438: The mid-block break between apartment buildings fronting Broadway just north of the northwest corner of 91st Street and running diagonally west to West End Avenue, and formerly all the way to Riverside Drive, and that of Stryker's Lane in the similar gap between 93rd and 94th Streets, once running to the house built by Gerrit Stryker overlooking Stryker's Bay, a river landing now represented by infilled parkland of Riverside Park at
11253-643: The mouth of New York Harbor , though the shot fell well short of the shore. This has been described by historians as an urban legend. On December 4, at Fraunces Tavern , at Pearl and Broad Streets, General Washington formally said farewell to his officers with a short statement, taking each one of his officers and official family by the hand. Later, Washington headed south, being cheered and fêted on his way at many stops in New Jersey and Pennsylvania . By December 23, he arrived in Annapolis, Maryland , where
11374-416: The neighborhood had a population density of 166.8 inhabitants per acre (106,800/sq mi; 41,200/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 69.5% (134,735) White , 7.1% (13,856) African American , 0.1% (194) Native American , 7.6% (14,804) Asian , 0% (48) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (620) from other races , and 2% (3,828) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.3% (25,782) of
11495-500: The neighborhood ranged from the former village of Harsenville, centered on the old Bloomingdale Road (now Broadway) and 65th Street , west to the railroad yards along the Hudson, then north to 110th Street, where the ground rises to Morningside Heights. With the construction of Lincoln Center , its name, though perhaps not the reality, was stretched south to 58th Street. With the arrival of the corporate headquarters and expensive condos of
11616-522: The northwest corner of Manhattan Island and then led the Continental Army in a triumphal procession march down the road through the center of the island onto Broadway in the Town to the Battery . The evening of Evacuation Day, Clinton hosted a public dinner at Fraunces Tavern, which Washington attended. It concluded with thirteen toasts , according to a contemporary account in Rivington's Gazette ,
11737-566: The occupation—more Patriots died on these ships than died in every single battle of the war, combined. These men are memorialized, and many of their remains are interred, at the Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument in Fort Greene Park , Brooklyn . In mid-August 1783, Sir Guy Carleton , the last British Army and Royal Navy commander in the former British America , received orders from his superiors in London for
11858-517: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 40% in the Upper West Side, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Community District 7 is not considered to be gentrifying : according to the Community Health Profile, the district was not low-income in 1990. The Upper West Side is part of Manhattan Community District 7 . Politically,
11979-565: The population. The racial composition of the Upper West Side changed moderately from 2000 to 2010, with the greatest changes being the increase in the Asian population by 38% (4,100), the decrease in the Black population by 15% (2,435), and the increase in the Hispanic / Latino population by 8% (2,147). The White population remained the majority, experiencing a slight increase of 2% (2,098), while
12100-865: The previous century, the 225th anniversary of Evacuation Day was commemorated on November 25, 2008, with searchlight displays in New Jersey and New York at key high points. The searchlights are modern commemorations of the bonfires that served as a beacon signal system at many of these same locations during the revolution. The seven New Jersey Revolutionary War sites are Beacon Hill in Summit , South Mountain Reservation in South Orange, Fort Nonsense in Morristown, Washington Rock in Green Brook,
12221-623: The privilege of raising and lowering the flag at the Battery on Evacuation Day and the Fourth of July, and claims that he inherited the right from his great-grandfather, John Van Arsdale, who tore down the British’colors on the spot and hoisted the American flag instead, he feels very sore over the way in which he has been treated by the Park Department. Van Arsdale family members from New York to San Francisco remain aghast. He said last evening: "Early in June I made an application for permission to raise
12342-430: The property were brought as early as 1799, and final litigation among the Apthorp heirs, and their assigns who had purchased parcels of the Apthorp property, for building rights over the former route of the Bloomingdale Road and lanes abandoned by the city, in order to close them once and for all, dragged on for five years, 1905–1911. The ghostly passage of the lanes can still be detected; that of Jauncey's Lane subsists in
12463-730: The remainder of the American Revolutionary War , much of what is now Greater New York was under British control. New York City (occupying then only the southern tip of Manhattan, up to what is today Chambers Street), became, under Admiral of the Fleet Richard Howe, Lord Howe and his brother Sir William Howe, General of the British Army , the British political and military center of operations in British North America . David Mathews
12584-748: The river itself. 1868 saw the opening of the now demolished IRT Ninth Avenue Line – the city's first elevated railway – which opened in the decade following the American Civil War . The Upper West Side experienced a building boom from 1885 to 1910, thanks in large part to the 1904 opening of the city's first subway line , which comprised, in part, what is now a portion of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line , with subway stations at 59th , 66th , 72nd , 79th , 86th , 91st , 96th , 103rd , 110th , 116th , and 125th Streets. This further stimulated residential development of
12705-499: The riverbank. One major non-industrial development, the creation of Central Park in the 1850s and '60s, caused many squatters to move their shacks into the Upper West Side. Parts of the neighborhood became a ragtag collection of squatters' housing, boarding houses, and rowdy taverns. As this development occurred, the old name of Bloomingdale Road was being chopped away and the name Broadway was progressively applied further northward to include what had been lower Bloomingdale Road. In 1868,
12826-557: The road further north was known as the Kingsbridge Road. Within the confines of the modern-day Upper West Side, the road passed through areas known as Harsenville, Strycker's Bay, and Bloomingdale Village. With the building of the Croton Aqueduct passing down the area between present day Amsterdam Avenue and Columbus Avenue in 1838–42, the northern reaches of the district became divided into Manhattan Valley to
12947-641: The small population of all other races experienced a negligible increase of 1% (58). Taking into account the two census tabulation areas, the overall decreases in the Black and Hispanic / Latino populations were concentrated in the Upper West Side area, with the Hispanic / Latino population actually increasing by a smaller margin in Lincoln Square. On the other hand, the increases in the White and Asian populations were mostly in Lincoln Center, especially
13068-524: The spine of the neighborhood and runs diagonally north–south across the other avenues at the south end of the neighborhood; above 78th Street Broadway runs north parallel to the other avenues. Broadway enters the neighborhood at its juncture with Central Park West at Columbus Circle (59th Street), crosses Columbus Avenue at Lincoln Square (65th Street), Amsterdam Avenue at Verdi Square (71st Street), and then merges with West End Avenue at Straus Park (aka Bloomingdale Square, at 107th Street). Traditionally
13189-467: The town and following the Battle of Harlem Heights and later action at the river forts of Fort Washington and Fort Lee on the northwest corner of the island along the Hudson River on November 16, 1776, evacuated Manhattan Island . They headed north for Westchester County , fought a delaying action at White Plains , and retreated across New Jersey in the New York and New Jersey campaign . For
13310-463: Was Anglicized to "Bloomingdale" or "the Bloomingdale District", covering the west side of Manhattan from about 23rd Street up to the Hollow Way (modern 125th Street ). It consisted of farms and villages along a road (regularized in 1703) known as the Bloomingdale Road. Bloomingdale Road was renamed The Boulevard in 1868, as the farms and villages were divided into building lots and absorbed into
13431-527: Was Mayor of New York during the occupation. Many of the civilians who continued to reside in town were Loyalists . On September 21, 1776, the city suffered a devastating fire of an uncertain origin after the evacuation of Washington's Continental Army at the beginning of the occupation. With hundreds of houses destroyed, many residents had to live in makeshift housing built from old ships. In addition, over 10,000 Patriot soldiers and sailors died on prison ships in New York waters ( Wallabout Bay ) during
13552-606: Was acquired through condemnation in 1872, and construction soon began following a design created by the firm of Frederick Law Olmsted , who also designed the adjacent, gracefully curving Riverside Drive . In 1937, under the administration of commissioner Robert Moses , 132 acres (0.53 km ) of land were added to the park, primarily by creating a promenade that covered the tracks of the Hudson River Railroad. Moses, working with landscape architect Gilmore D. Clarke also added playgrounds, and distinctive stonework and
13673-688: Was celebrated on or near the 25th, making Evacuation Day redundant. On Evacuation Day 1864, the Booth brothers held a performance of Julius Caesar at the Winter Garden Theatre to raise funds for the Shakespeare statue later placed in Central Park . That same day, Confederate saboteurs attempted to burn down the city, lighting an adjoining building on fire and for a time disturbing the performance. On Evacuation Day 1876,
13794-669: Was officially designated Bloomingdale Square in 1907. The neighborhood also includes the Bloomingdale School of Music and Bloomingdale neighborhood branch of the New York Public Library . Adjacent to the Bloomingdale neighborhood is a more diverse and less affluent subsection of the Upper West Side called Manhattan Valley , focused on the downslope of Columbus Avenue and Manhattan Avenue from about 96th Street up to 110th Street. For census purposes,
13915-565: Was purposely held on Evacuation Day 1857. In August 1863, the Battery Flagstaff was destroyed by a lightning strike; it was subsequently replaced. Before it was a national holiday, Thanksgiving was proclaimed at various dates by state governors – as early as 1847, New York held Thanksgiving on the same date as Evacuation Day, a convergence happily noted by Walt Whitman , writing in the Brooklyn Eagle . The observance of
14036-410: Was run up to the truce of the city flagstaff at Battery Park on the site where stood the staff to which the British nailed their flag before sailing down the harbor. The British flag was torn down and replaced by the American colors by Van Arsdale, the sailor boy, and the "flag run up by one of his lineal descendants, Christopher R. Forbes, who was assisted by officers of the Anderson Zouaves . The flag
14157-459: Was saluted by the guns at Fort William . The day was also celebrated by raising the flag at sunrise at the Battery by Christopher R. Forbes, great-grandson of John Van Arsdale, assisted by the Anderson Zouaves. Sixty-second Regiment, New-York Volunteers. Capt. Charles E. Morse, and Anderson and Williams Post, No. 394, Grand Army of the Republic . Christopher R. Forbes, who for many years has had
14278-464: Was the eldest son of prominent and wealthy Boston-born British agent Charles Apthorp in Massachusetts . He assembled the property in Manhattan through purchases in 1762 and 1763. In 1764 he built for himself an ambitious house, one of the grandest pre-Revolutionary houses on the island, on the rise of ground between what are now 90th and 91st Streets, and Columbus and Amsterdam Avenues , with
14399-533: Was the original 1783 Evacuation Day flag until the museum's burning in 1865, and flew it on Evacuation Day and the Fourth of July. On Evacuation Day 1811, the newly completed Castle Clinton was dedicated with the firing of its first gun salute . On Evacuation Day 1830 (or rather, on November 26 due to inclement weather), thirty thousand New Yorkers gathered on a march to Washington Square Park in celebration of that year's July Revolution in France. For over
14520-485: Was the site of the city's annual flag-raising celebration for over a century. A flag-raising was held twice a year, on Evacuation Day and on the Fourth of July , and after 1853 flag-raisings on these days were also held at The Blockhouse further north. John Van Arsdale is said to have been a regular flag-raiser at the early commemorations. The Scudder's American Museum / Barnum's American Museum held what it claimed
14641-586: Was the spine for major post-World War II urban renewal. Broadway is lined with such architecturally notable apartment buildings as The Ansonia , The Apthorp , The Belnord , the Astor Court Building , and The Cornwall , which features an Art Nouveau cornice. Newly constructed 15 Central Park West and 535 West End Avenue are among some of the prestigious residential addresses in Manhattan. Both Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue from 67th Street up to 110th Street are lined with restaurants and bars, as
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