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50-471: Apeldoorn ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ; Dutch Low Saxon : Apeldoorne ) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands . The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the of villages of Beekbergen , Loenen , Ugchelen and Hoenderloo , had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on

100-520: A Dutch-based orthography. Several long vowel shifts happened in Veluws, Urkers, Sallaans, Stellingwarfs, Drèents and in some variants of Gronings; the change occurred as the Hollandic dialect rose in prestige during the 17th century. For example, the oe [uː] changed into uu [yː] . Tweants, Eastern Achterhooks and some variants of Gronings and Drents, by contrast, retained their old vowels. Compare

150-521: A Tweants song received more than €10,000 in the annual fundraising campaign Het Glazen Huis (The Glass House). As the song received more than €17,000, Veenstra kept his promise. An increasing number of local political parties have used Low Saxon in their 2014 electoral campaigns. In 2014, a Facebook page called "Tukkers be like" gained more than 18,000 followers within a week. The page uses Twents cultural concepts and expressions in Twents. The idea of

200-488: A big competitor to Dynamo, is Alterno . Because of the growth of Apeldoorn, and the population's interest in sports, Apeldoorn has built a new stadium for volleyball, indoor athletics and track cycling. The stadium, Omnisport Apeldoorn , opened in 2008 and has hosted the 2011 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and the European Track Championships in 2011 and 2013 . In 2016 the city hosted

250-690: A match between an English touring XV Thomas Cook's Rugby Club and RC Hilversum in front of 2,671 spectators. It was a 3 points draw. See film clip of first overseas tour to Holland 1958 The present rugby club, Rams RFC, was founded in December 1971. The most successful club in Apeldoorn is the SV Dynamo volleyball team, who are the 15-fold champion in the Dutch A-League, most recently in 2023. Another successful volleyball club in Apeldoorn, and

300-567: A rapid spreading fire completely destroyed the largest store of "Karwei" DIY centres in The Netherlands, located at the Laan van de Dierenriem in Apeldoorn. No one was injured, and as of 2020 the location was rebuilt and reopened. A part of the new building is now up for rent for another business. Akzo Diosynth once operated a facility that produced base materials for medicine manufacture, but production has since ceased. The terrain located at

350-524: A song about two bikers who died in an accident, took the charts by storm, and it is now regarded a true evergreen of Dutch music. It quickly garnered them a large fan base, even in non-Low Saxon areas, such as Friesland and Limburg . They inspired many other young rock 'n' roll artists to sing in Low Saxon, who now form a subgenre of their own in the Dutch music industry, which is gradually becoming aware of

400-522: A strictly synchronic point of view, however, some linguists classify Dutch Low Saxon as belonging to the Dutch language area. Also, as a practical matter, Dutch Low Saxon, since the 17th century, has been influenced by Standard Dutch, but the Low Saxon dialects in Germany are influenced by Standard German . Recent studies have, however, shown that mutual intelligibility is not necessarily impaired and that

450-479: Is a zoo in Apeldoorn , Netherlands . It specializes in apes and monkeys . It opened in 1971 and was the first zoo in the world where monkeys could walk around freely in the forest and between the visitors. It started with just a few species, now it displays more than 30 different primates , among them bonobo , gorilla and orangutan . Apenheul Primate Park was conceptualised by photographer Wim Mager in

500-678: Is also an amusement park situated in Apeldoorn, called the Koningin Juliana Toren (Queen Juliana Tower). It is situated nearby the Apenheul and lies on the road to Hoog Soeren. It is called the Koningin Juliana Toren because of the tower, which was built in 1910 and was later named after Queen Juliana . The local hospital is the Gelre Hospital "Lukas", offering secondary health care to Apeldoorn and

550-463: Is increasingly being used in popular culture, marketing, and local politics. The Tweants municipality of Rijssen-Holten , for example, has officially adopted a bilingual status for their town hall desks, and customers may opt for Dutch or Low Saxon help. In 2012, a radio presenter for national broadcasting station 3FM , Michiel Veenstra from Almelo , promised to present in Tweants for an hour if

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600-407: Is located in the nature park of Berg en Bos (Mountain and Wood) and proved popular with visitors and primatologists alike, leading to subsequent expansions. In 1976, gorillas were introduced to Apenheul Primate Park, with the first gorilla baby being born three years later. This was only the second healthy baby that was born in captivity in the Netherlands and the third in the entire world. The baby

650-625: Is not unanimous. From a diachronic point of view, the Dutch Low Saxon dialects are merely the West Low German ( Northern Low Saxon and Friso-Saxon in the case of Gronings ) dialects native to areas in the Netherlands, as opposed to areas beyond the national border with Germany. Some Dutch Low Saxon dialects like Tweants show features of Westphalian , a West Low German dialect spoken in adjacent Northern Germany . From

700-545: Is now used as a distribution centre for Picnic, an internet grocery home delivery service, although Royal Reesink is still using the office parts of the building. In August 2018 PostNL opened a large package sorting centre at the Oude Apeldoornseweg, newly built at the industrial area now known as "FizzionParc" but once was known as an industrial estate of Philips Data Systems, the new PostNL location will provide work for around 400 employees. On 27 November 2018,

750-479: Is often dismissed, but a 2012 study indicates it may be a useful addition in international trade communications. As of 2015, language enthusiasts attempt to start up courses for the language and culture, especially in the Tweante region. They are mostly studies aimed at the elderly but still prove to be very popular. There still is no professional attempt to promote the language into the school curriculum. Probably

800-525: The Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley. The oldest known reference to Apeldoorn, then called Appoldro, dates from the 8th century. The settlement came into being at the point where the old road from Amersfoort to Deventer crossed that from Arnhem to Zwolle . A 1740 map refers to it as A pp eldoorn. Close by is the favourite country-seat of the royal family of the Netherlands called

850-400: The rock 'n' roll band Normaal boldly shook all perceptions of Low Saxon and its speakers. Until then, Low Saxon was mostly restricted to traditional folklore music. Normaal openly denounced all Dutch disdain, praised farmers and local farm life and boldly used Achterhooks Low Saxon, voicing the opinion and feelings of many Dutchmen of non-Dutch-speaking origin. Their hit song "Oerend Hard",

900-447: The 1960s, when it was legal for private citizens to own monkeys . Mager, who himself had several monkeys as pets, believed both humans and primates would benefit from housing the animals in a more natural forest-like environment. He created the apen-heul (from apen meaning monkeys, and heul, an old Dutch word for a safe haven). Apenheul Primate Park opened in 1971 as a small but revolutionary park housing wool-monkeys and other species. It

950-482: The Language). Many of them were mainly interested in preserving rather than promoting the language. The prevailing tone was one of melancholy and nostalgia. Their focus was often on preserving cultural traits considered typical to speakers of the language, such as rural life and traditional practices, crafts and costumes. That merely confirmed many of the existing stereotypes about speakers of the language. Another tone

1000-647: The Netherlands, the same happened. The doe : ie/ieje/ij isogloss runs close to the Dutch border, except in Groningen , where it enters the Dutch territory. In Twente , it is present in the easternmost villages of Denekamp and Oldenzaal , but its disappearance from the rest of the region is only a relatively recent development. In the Achterhoek ( Gelderland ), dou can be found in Winterswijk and Groenlo . Apenheul Apenheul Primate Park

1050-537: The Tweants and Sallaans equivalents: hoes : huus ("house"). In many dialects, the oe sound was preserved in some words but changed to uu in others. As a result, in Sallaans house is huus , but mouse is moes (as in Tweants). Dutch has lost the word doe "thou" and replaced it with jij , equivalent to English " ye ", originally the second person plural. In many Low Saxon dialects in

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1100-526: The Vlijtseweg has been renamed after the product that was produced here before that, Zwitsal. It is now known as "Zwitsal Apeldoorn" and the former facility now houses many new local businesses, such as the beer brewery "De Vlijt". Apenheul is a zoo which hosts a number of different types of apes and monkeys , many of which are free to walk around the visitors. It is situated at the western edge of Apeldoorn and can easily be reached by local bus. There

1150-435: The basis remains the same. Shortly after Second World War , linguists claimed that speaking a dialect other than the standard language would impair children's (language) learning abilities. In combination with a generally condescending attitude by the upper classes of Dutch society and the media towards speakers of Low Saxon varieties (or in fact anything different from Standard Dutch), that goaded many parents to stop passing

1200-538: The city are provided by Keolis and has 18 lines. Until early 2013, Apeldoorn housed the professional football club AGOVV Apeldoorn ( Eerste Divisie ), that played its matches in the Stadion Berg & Bos in the western part of Apeldoorn. However, AGOVV was forced to declare bankruptcy on 8 January 2013, because of an €400,000 tax debt. In 1958 the AGOVV stadium was used to promote Dutch Rugby Football, by staging

1250-418: The collection from Singapore Zoo to commemorate the zoo's fortieth anniversary. In 2012 Bena died due to heart failure. In 2013 Julau died due to liver failure. Later that year two males (Goalie, 3, and Jeff, 4) joined Bagik. However, Goalie died a few months after he arrived due to a blood protein deficiency. Two remained in Apenheul until early 2015 when Bagik, the last of the three original males, died due to

1300-513: The colonnades which linked the corps de logis to the wings on either side were replaced by four pavilions. These pavilions contained the new apartments of William III and Mary II, a new Dining Room, a Long Gallery and a Chapel. Queen Mary did not return to the Netherlands after 1689 and never saw the enlargement. On the death of King William III in 1702 there was disagreement about his inheritance, but eventually, in 1732, Het Loo descended to Willem IV (1711–1751) who was, from 1747, Stadtholder of all

1350-512: The driver himself, who died the following day. Although the Royal family was unharmed, it is believed to be the first attack on the Dutch royal family in modern times. Apeldoorn is twinned with: Dutch Low Saxon The UNESCO Atlas of endangered languages lists the language as vulnerable. The percentage of speakers among parents dropped from 34% in 1995 to 15% in 2011. The percentage of speakers among their children dropped from 8% to 2% in

1400-748: The entire industrial estate now known as "Van Gelder Park" are now also located a local head office of Rabobank, the main police and fire department offices along with some other local companies. Apeldoorn has a considerable meat processing industry with production and storage facilities of among others; Vion NV , Van Drie Group (ESA, Ekro), Grolleman Groep (cold stores, transport and meat processing), Amsterdam Meat Company (Ameco). Other big/larger companies or ones that are of local importance include Hanos international (horesca), Hamer B.V. (installation), HSL Logistics (since merged with GVT Logistics), HCA Holland Colours (industrial plastics coloring), Remeha (heating boilers), Royal Reesink N.V. The former distribution centre

1450-470: The genre's commercial potential. In 1996, Dutch Low Saxon was added to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . Dutch provinces now receive minor funds for preserving and promoting the use of Low Saxon. A general rise in regional pride and appreciation for the Low Saxon identity made the earlier openly disdainful attitude towards Low Saxon seem to have subsided somewhat. Low Saxon

1500-554: The intersection of two major Dutch motorways. The A1 runs west from Amsterdam to the German border, where it leads towards Hannover, and Berlin. The A50 connects the north of the Netherlands with the south. Apeldoorn used to be well known as a town of paper making and clothes washing companies, due to the clean filtered groundwater which seeped through the sand of push moraines down to the IJsselvallei east of Apeldoorn. In 2008

1550-404: The job market. The result was a string of Dutch dialects with Low Saxon features, which were also looked down upon. As of 2014, Low Saxon is still not a part of the Dutch school curriculum. It is neither a subject nor a mode of communication. This causes a general lack of knowledge about, and appreciation for the language. Its possible role as a language of trade between the Netherlands and Germany

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1600-567: The language on to their children. It also brought about a general opinion among speakers of Low Saxon that having the slightest accent, in Dutch, would reduce job opportunities and social status. Throughout the 1960s, the language decline inspired many to form dialect preservation circles and groups, such as the Tweants Kreenk vuur de Twentse Sproake (Circle for the Twents language) or the Drèents Huus van de Taol (House of

1650-409: The languages made Low Saxon be regarded a dialect of Dutch, and shifting from Low Saxon to Dutch would be relatively easy. Instead of adapting the school curriculum and guiding the children into learning Dutch as a second language and embracing the potential of the Low Saxon language, non-Dutch speaking parents were advised to speak Dutch with their children instead to increase their chances of success on

1700-459: The largest paper mill of what was left of "Van Gelder Papier" after reorganizations went bankrupt. In 1996 a devastating fire destroyed the remnants of the last part of the original factory. Other parts of the production facility that remained are now in use as a production facility by AFP (Apeldoorn Flexible Packaging B.V.), since early 2021 known as "Trioworld" because AFP merged with "Trioplast", Loparex B.V. and Owens Corning Veil Netherlands B.V. On

1750-626: The largest single body of work ever produced in Dutch Low Saxon is the Dutch Low Saxon Misplaced Pages , begun in 2006 as a separate project from the German Low Saxon Misplaced Pages, which preceded it by three years. A lot of the dialects have been affected by the Hollandic expansion of the 17th century. All of them are lexically dependent on Dutch rather than German for neologisms. When written down, they use

1800-406: The long open or open-mid back rounded vowel (pronounced [ɒː] or [ɔː] , depending on the dialect) should be written as either ⟨oa⟩ or ⟨ao⟩ . That resulted in little co-operation and no nationwide coordination. Other attempts to unite the different dialect circles were met with cynicism. The conception prevailed that the dialects were too different to unite. In 1975,

1850-521: The major building projects of the 19th century and those of the period following World War II . The Protestant church was restored after a fire in 1890. The Roman Catholic Mariakerk is a national monument. Apeldoorn possesses large paper-mills, many offices ( Centraal Beheer , an insurance company; the Dutch Tax services; the "Kadaster", the government land registry service; and some more), a hospital and nursing homes. With over 100,000 people working in

1900-767: The municipality, Apeldoorn is one of the most important employment centres in the eastern Netherlands. Apeldoorn also has several important educational institutes, such as the Saxion University of Applied Sciences (hotel and facility management), the Wittenborg University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands Police Academy and the Theological University of Apeldoorn. Apeldoorn is well suited to logistical and distribution companies because of its location close to

1950-459: The opening time-trial stage of the Giro d'Italia . Apeldoorn houses the following football clubs: On 30 April 2009, the Dutch national holiday Koninginnedag (Queen's Day) , a man drove his car at high speed into a parade which included Queen Beatrix and other members of the Royal family. The driver hit members of the public lining the street leaving twenty-two injured and eight dead, including

2000-615: The page was based on the Internet meme "Bitches be like", which gained enormous popularity in 2013, and inspired many to create their own versions. The meme presents an image of a certain situation, to which a certain group would respond in a typical way. Dutch Low Saxon has long been stigmatised and kept out of schools. People of older generations may relate numerous accounts of their childhood in which contemporaries were afraid to go to school for fear of being reprimanded, or purposely ignored, for not speaking Dutch. The similarities between

2050-414: The palace het Nieuwe Loo (now Het Loo ). It was originally a hunting lodge of the dukes of Gelderland, but in its present form dates chiefly from the time of the then Stadtholder William III of England (1685–1686). The younger sister of Princess Beatrix , Princess Margriet , lives nearby the palace Het Loo, with her husband Pieter van Vollenhoven . Apeldoorn was a relatively insignificant place until

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2100-615: The palace was inhabited by the House of Orange for three centuries starting with the King Stadtholder William III of England up to and including Queen Wilhelmina . In November 1684 Prince William III of Orange, then Stadtholder of Gelderland , purchased Het Loo with the intentions of building a palatial hunting lodge somewhere on the property. On 5 April 1685, the first contract was tendered and in September of

2150-448: The provinces. Both Willem IV and his son Willem V (1748–1806) used the palace in the 18th century as a summer residence. As of 2020, Apeldoorn had a total population of 163,818 people. Apeldoorn experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ) similar to almost all of the Netherlands . Very small hamlets are printed in italics. There are four railway stations in Apeldoorn, these are: The bus services in

2200-596: The royal family's bus. The southwestern corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park . It is the final Battle Honour of The Royal Canadian Regiment who took part in the town's liberation in World War II. Paleis Het Loo reflects the historical ties between the House of Orange-Nassau and the Netherlands . The central part of the palace and the lateral pavilions show how

2250-486: The same period. According to a 2005 study 53% indicated to speak Low Saxon or Low Saxon and Dutch at home and 71% they could speak Low Saxon in the researched area, accounting for a total of 1.6 million speakers at home and 2.15 million total, ranging from "reasonably" to "very well" in terms of proficiency. The Netherlands recognizes Dutch Low Saxon as a regional language under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . The classification of Dutch Low Saxon

2300-567: The same year the stonework of the middle section (or corps de logis) of what came to be known as Het Loo was completed. In 1686, the year given on the facade of the building, the wings, originally linked by colonnades to the corps de logis were added, the walls were built and the gardens were laid out. Het Loo became the favorite hunting seat and country palace of William III and his wife Princess Mary II , and until his death in 1702 furnishings and decorations both inside and outside underwent repeated alterations and embellishments. At that time symmetry

2350-505: The surrounding towns. Apeldoorn railway station is, among regular national and international services, the terminus for the Veluwse Stoomtrein Maatschappij , a preserved steam railway that runs to Dieren via Beekbergen . In April 2009 Apeldoorn made world news, when eight people were killed after a man tried to attack the Dutch royal family during a Queen's Day celebration by crashing his car near

2400-836: Was considered ideal and the design for the building and grounds featured a central axis with mirror image components on either side. Inside the palace the axis consisted of the Entrance Hall, the Staircase and the Great Hall on the first floor. West and east of the Great Hall respectively were the apartments of William III and Mary II. The apartments of the courtiers and the Dining Room were on the ground floor. In 1689 William III became King of England, Scotland and Ireland and this elevation of his position and power brought an enlargement of Het Loo in its wake. Between 1691 and 1694

2450-1478: Was raised by its own mother, which remains a rare event. A major setback occurred in 1981 when the cabin in which Apenheul Primate Park burned to the ground, killing 46 monkeys. The building was subsequently replaced. Apenheul is home to about 70 species of animals, 35 of which are primates. The park houses lemurs from Madagascar , monkeys from Central and South America, and monkeys and apes from Asia and Africa. Primates include black-capped squirrel monkeys , yellow-breasted capuchins , black howlers , Lac Alaotra bamboo lemurs , crowned sifakas , ring-tailed lemurs , red ruffed lemurs , black-and-white ruffed lemurs , red bellied lemurs , crowned lemurs , blue-eyed black lemurs , bonobos , Bornean orangutans , East Javan langurs , collared mangabeys , lion-tailed macaques , barbary macaques , western lowland gorillas , patas monkeys , L'Hoest's monkeys , white-faced saki monkeys , golden-headed lion tamarins , northern white-cheeked gibbons , emperor tamarins , silvery marmosets , Goeldi's monkeys , Venezuelan red howlers , grey-legged night monkeys , pygmy marmosets , Colombian white-headed capuchins , Colombian spider monkeys , Hanuman langurs , pied tamarins , red titi monkeys , golden lion tamarins , black-tufted marmosets , black bearded sakis , and woolly monkeys . In summer 2011, three adult male proboscis monkeys (9-year-old twin brothers Julau and Bagik, and 10-year-old half-brother Bena) joined

2500-435: Was rather literary in nature. Though well-intended, it caused even more estrangement with younger generations. At the same time, knowledge of and appreciation for related varieties was poor, which stifled cooperation between most of the dialect preservation groups. Instead of forming an organisation to stand together and help one another to improve the status for all the different varieties, fiery discussions arose about whether

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