Misplaced Pages

#682317

37-592: The Appenzeller Sennenhund is the traditional working dog of the Sennen – Alpine cattle-herders and dairymen – of the Appenzell region of north-eastern Switzerland. The earliest written description of it is that of Friedrich von Tschudi in Das Thierleben der Alpenwelt , published in 1853. In the late nineteenth century Max Sieber, a forester who had seen the dogs at cattle shows in eastern Switzerland, asked

74-682: A dog to livestock or at noncompetitive herding tests. Individuals exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials. In Australia , New Zealand and the United States herding dogs are known as working dogs irrespective of their breeding. Some herding breeds work well with any kind of animals; others have been bred for generations to work with specific kinds of animals and have developed physical characteristics or styles of working that enhance their ability to handle these animals. Commonly mustered animals include cattle , sheep , goats and reindeer , although it

111-761: A job to do. These dogs have been bred as working dogs and need to be physically and mentally active. They retain their herding instincts and may sometimes nip at people's heels or bump them in an effort to 'herd' their family, and may need to be trained not to do so. Their activity level and intelligence makes them excellent canine athletes. The Australian Shepherd , Shetland Sheepdog , Rough Collie , Smooth Collie and Old English Sheepdog are more popular as family companion dogs. Dogs of herding breeds now often live in urban or suburban neighbourhoods. Their owners need to maintain their physical and mental health, taking into consideration their herding instinct and qualities. The services of dog-trainers are in demand, along with

148-653: A number of kennel clubs classify various pedigree dog breeds into a "working group" or "working dogs group", although it varies between kennel club what breeds are so classified. The Kennel Club classifies mastiff , pinscher , sled dog , select livestock guardian dog and some other breeds in their working group. The American Kennel Club 's working group and the Canadian Kennel Club 's working dogs group are very similar to The Kennel Club's except they include all livestock guardian dog breeds and all full sized spitz breeds (not just sled dogs) recognised by

185-473: A subcategory of working dogs , but for conformation shows they usually form a separate group. Australia has the world's largest cattle stations and sheep stations and some of the best-known herding dogs, such as the Koolie , Kelpie , Red and Blue Heelers are bred and found there. Creating herding dog breeds is associated with the development of cattle breeding. Domestication of sheep and goats began in

222-407: A tight lump, paw pads are thick, claws are strong. The coat has structure and density to protect from getting wet and temperature extremes common in the region of the breed origin. All herding dogs have excellent eyesight and hearing. Cattle dog colors are varied and depend on local breeders' preferences, but all herding dogs should have well-pigmented eyelids, lips, nose and paw pads, because pink skin

259-561: A working dog is, they are sometimes described as any dog trained for and employed in meaningful work; other times as any dog whose breed heritage or physical characteristics lend itself to working irrespective of an individual animal's training or employment; and other times again it is used as a synonym for herding dog . Roles performed by dogs that sometimes sees them classified as working dogs include: Working dogs are known as an Australian icon. They are prevalent in Australia due to

296-414: Is a medium-sized dog: dogs stand some 52–56 cm at the withers , bitches about 2 cm less; weights are in the range 22–32 kg . The coat is double, the top-coat thick, straight and glossy. It is always tricoloured: the principal colour may be either black or Havana brown, with white markings to the chest, face and feet, and reddish-brown areas between those and the base colour. The tail

333-489: Is not unusual for poultry to be handled by dogs. The term "herding dog" is sometimes erroneously used to describe livestock guardian dogs , whose primary function is to guard flocks and herds from predation and theft, and they lack the herding instinct. Although herding dogs may guard flocks their primary purpose is to move them; both herding dogs and livestock guardian dogs may be called "sheep dogs". In general terms when categorizing dog breeds, herding dogs are considered

370-465: Is set high and is carried in a tight curl over the back when the animal is moving. The ears are set high and are triangular and fairly small; they hang close to the cheeks when the animal is at rest, and are raised and turned forward when it is alert. Among the faults that disqualify a dog from registration are a wall eye , a kinked tail, a single coat and a coat that is not three-coloured. Dogs may be expected to live for some 12–14 years. According to

407-429: Is too delicate and prone to wounds and sunburn. In countries where herding is preserved, herding dogs continue to work for their main purpose and are appreciated as effective and even irreplaceable helpers that can save labor costs and avoid investments in expensive equipment. Economic studies in Australia have shown that herding dogs are worth more than five times their cost, including training and maintenance. Meanwhile,

SECTION 10

#1732787243683

444-551: The Border Collie , get in front of the animals and use what is called strong eye to stare down the animals; they are known as headers . The headers or fetching dogs keep livestock in a group. They consistently go to the front or head of the animals to turn or stop the animal's movement. The heelers or driving dogs keep pushing the animals forward. Typically, they stay behind the herd. The Australian Kelpie and Australian Koolie use both these methods and also run along

481-633: The Netherlands , through the Mediterranean Sea to the Alps , up the Rhone to central and southwestern France. The development of agriculture, increasing number of settlements and foundation of cities have led to a decrease in the number of predators. After the extinction of large predators in most of Europe and Great Britain , with the massive spread of sheep breeding and with an increase in

518-630: The Schweizerische Kynologische Gesellschaft  [ de ] to recognise the breed; a commission was established with financing from the canton of St. Gallen and the Appenzeller Sennenhund was recognised in either 1896 or 1898. Eight of the dogs were shown at the international dog show in Winterthur in 1898; they were entered in a new Sennenhunde class. In 1906 a breed society ,

555-665: The United Kingdom , Ireland , South Africa , Chile , Canada , the USA , Australia , New Zealand and other farming nations, and have occasionally even become primetime television fare. In the US, regular events are run by the United States Border Collie Handler's Association, Australian Shepherd Club of America, American Kennel Club and many others. The world record price for a working sheep dog

592-419: The breeds that were developed for herding. A dog specifically trained to herd sheep is known as a sheep dog or shepherd dog, and one trained to herd cattle is known as a cattle dog or cow dog. All herding behavior is modified predatory behavior. Through selective breeding, humans have been able to minimize the dog's natural inclination to treat cattle and sheep as prey while simultaneously maintaining

629-515: The canton of Appenzell , with 259 out of a total of 1358 registrations in the canton, or about 19% ; in the whole of Switzerland it accounted for 360 of a total of 33 470 , or about 1.1% of all dogs registered by the Schweizerische Kynologische Gesellschaft. It is the only Swiss dog breed considered to be at risk by ProSpecieRara , which lists it as gefährdet , 'endangered'. Numbers are stable but

666-801: The gene pool is narrow; the association is in collaboration with the breed society, the Schweizerischer Club für Appenzeller Sennenhunde , to broaden it. The Appenzeller Sennenhund is the third-largest of the Sennenhund or Swiss mountain dog group, which also includes the Grosser Schweizer Sennenhund , the Berner Sennenhund or Bernese Mountain Dog , and the Entlebucher Sennenhund . It

703-492: The 8-7th millennium BC. Originally this process began in Western Asia , on the territory of modern Iran and Iraq . Shepherding was a difficult task: primitive herders did not have horses and moved their cattle for grazing on foot as horses and donkeys were not yet fully domesticated and obedient enough. Dogs that were previously helping humans in hunting, became assistants in livestock maintenance. The main task for dogs in

740-589: The Appenzeller Sennenhunde Club, was established at the instigation of the cynologist Albert Heim , who in 1914 drew up the first full breed standard . The breed was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1954. It has spread from Appenzell to other parts of Switzerland and to other European countries. A study published in 2004 found it to be the most-registered breed in

777-502: The ability to manage the herd, but also to protect it. With the spread of reindeer breeding among the northern peoples, hunting spitz -like dogs were "retrained" into shepherds. Most breeds of Central European shepherd dogs – with erect ears and short hair on the head, similar to wolves, were mainly formed in the 16th to 17th centuries, the breeds of curly-haired dogs of the Northern European type were formed later. During

SECTION 20

#1732787243683

814-657: The backs of sheep so are said to head, heel, and back. Other types such as the Australian Shepherd , English Shepherd and Welsh Sheepdog are moderate to loose eyed , working more independently. The New Zealand Huntaway uses its loud, deep bark to muster mobs of sheep. Belgian Malinois , German Shepherd Dogs and Briards are historically tending dogs, who act as a "living fence", guiding large flocks of sheep to graze, while preventing them from eating valuable crops and wandering onto roads. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured when introducing

851-575: The breed standard, the Appenzeller Sennenhund is lively, high-spirited, athletic and suspicious of strangers. The Appenzeller Sennenhund was traditionally used by the Alpine cattle-herders and dairymen of the Appenzell region both to herd cattle and to guard property. It is often kept as a companion dog . Working dog A working dog is a dog used to perform practical tasks, as opposed to pet or companion dogs . Definitions vary on what

888-547: The clubs. Both the Australian National Kennel Council 's and New Zealand Kennel Club 's working dogs groups comprise herding dog breeds and select livestock guardian dog breeds recognised by those clubs. The Fédération cynologique internationale has no working group. Herding dog A herding dog , also known as a stock dog or working dog , is a type of dog that either has been trained in herding livestock or belongs to one of

925-754: The dog's hunting skills, thereby creating an effective herding dog. Dogs can work other animals in a variety of ways. Some breeds, such as the Australian Cattle Dog , typically nip at the heels of animals (for this reason they are called heelers ) and the Cardigan and Pembroke Welsh Corgis were historically used in a similar fashion in the cattle droves that moved cattle from Wales to the Smithfield Meat Market in London but are rarely used for herding today. Other breeds, notably

962-446: The early stages of cattle breeding was protecting herds from a variety of wild predators, that were very numerous. This function predetermined herding dogs' characteristics: they had to be strong, vicious, courageous, decisive, able to stand alone against a large predator and, most importantly, ready to defend their herd. The history of the ancestors of herding dogs can be traced back to six thousand years ago, archaeological findings of

999-643: The help of herding dogs turned out to be the most effective and only easily implemented way: walking through the patrolled area several times a day, the dogs force the geese to settle in places where they cause less trouble, while the nature is not being harmed. All shepherd dogs are born athletes. Their high need for physical and intellectual activity can be replenished not only by sports grazing, but also by other types of cynological sports. Border Collies as owners of outstanding sports qualities, Belgian Shepherds, Australian Shepherds invariably occupy leading positions in agility, flyball, frisbee, dog dancing, obedience. At

1036-537: The joint remains of sheep and dogs date back to 3685 BC. The place of their origin is considered to be the territories of modern Turkey , Iraq and Syria . Shepherd dogs are mentioned in the Old Testament , the writings of Cato the Elder and Varro , their images are found in works of art created more than two thousand years ago. These dogs were used not only to guard herds, but also for military purposes. From

1073-592: The large agricultural industry. Working dogs can be seen herding cattle or sheep and are also used to guard poultry from foxes and cats. A report in 2019 stated that there were over 270,000 stock herding dogs in Australia. Some popular breeds for farm work include Border Collies , Kelpies , Maremmas and Australian Cattle Dogs . Events to showcase the skills of working dogs are held through Australia alongside key local festivals and events. Trials and performances include high jumps, sheepdog speed trials and sled or weighted pulls. When competing in conformation shows ,

1110-726: The owner and a desire to work has led to the widespread use of large European Shepherds for a number of other civil and military jobs. These are the most common police and military dogs employed in the guard, search, rescue and other types of services. The modern world presents people with new tasks, which are successfully solved with the help of dogs. For example, in the United States, legally protected geese often pose serious problems for life and work. Here, border collies and other strong-eyed herding dogs are used to patrol crops, residential and recreational areas, parks, beaches, golf courses and, above all, airports. Protection from birds with

1147-523: The popularity and the number of herding dogs are growing, and the scope of work for them is narrowing. In the 21st century herding dogs are often chosen as family pets . The collie breeds including the Bearded Collie and Border Collie are well known, as are the Australian kelpie and Australian Working kelpie, Welsh Corgis . They make good family dogs and are at their best when they have

Appenzeller Sennenhund - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-484: The regions of Western Asia, herding spread to west and north, followed by an increase in the number of domestic animals. On the territory of Europe , the progenitors of herding dogs appeared in the 6th to 7th centuries BC. According to archaeological research, cattle breeding and agriculture spread across Europe in different ways: along the Danube and Rhine rivers to the territory of modern Germany , northern France and

1221-527: The same time, in service, sport and show dogs of herding breeds that do not interact with livestock, the herding instinct is gradually weakened. The competitive dog sport in which herding dogs move animals around a field, fences, gates, or enclosures as directed by their handlers is called a sheepdog trial , herding test or stockdog trial depending on the area. Such events are particularly associated with hill farming areas, where sheep range widely on largely unfenced land. These trials are popular in

1258-406: The selection process, the physical characteristics of the dogs were formed, allowing them to do their job in the best possible way. Regardless of the conditions in which herding dogs work and what function they perform, they all have a number of common characteristics. Herding dogs are strong and have a lot of stamina. Their paws are well protected from thorns and sharp stones: toes are compressed into

1295-589: The share of cultivated and populated land, the main task of herding dogs was to protect crops, private and protected areas from harm during grazing and moving herds. Shepherd dogs were more suitable for this work than larger and stronger breeds, being medium-sized and mobile. Such dogs managed small and large livestock, as well as domestic birds. In addition to the Central European type of shepherd, another type of dog has emerged, often with thick hair, more suitable for colder areas. These dogs have shown not only

1332-415: The training centres for working and sporting herding dogs, offering sheep rental and walks in the pasture. Dogs living in the suburbs and villages can work with small groups of animals or poultry. Sometimes owners even buy a few sheep so that their dogs can enjoy what they were originally bred for. The combination of quick learning ability, physical strength, endurance, predatory behavior with dedication to

1369-517: Was broken February 2011 at the auction at Skipton Market, England, with £6,300 ($ 10,270) for Dewi Fan. The previous record was £5,145 ($ 8,390) These commands may be indicated by a hand movement, whistle or voice. There are many other commands that are also used when working stock and in general use away from stock. Herding dog commands are generally taught using livestock as the modus operandi. Urban owners without access to livestock are able to teach basic commands through herding games. These are not

#682317