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47-458: A graphical interface for JavaScript's Plug-in, which aids developers by demonstrating how Java applets perform on macOS. Provides tools to adjust the performance, behavior and user experience in applets in development. A graphic presentation of audio units helping software developers to examine their results in decibels. AU Lab can be used to test audio units, conduct live mixing, and playback of audio content. Audio units are controlled visually with

94-704: A microscope is necessary. Fresnel lenses are used as magnifiers, for example for reading printed text. The magnifying glass icon (🔍), represented by U+1F50D in Unicode, has evolved into a universal symbol for searching and zooming functions in digital interfaces. Originating from its practical use for detailed examination and discovery, it has been adopted by modern computer software and websites to denote tools for users to find information or closely inspect content. The right-pointing version, U+1F50E (🔎), continues this theme, often used to initiate searches. The integration of these icons into user interface design reflects

141-421: A "standard" value of 0.25 m. A magnifying glass operates as the simplest form of optical instrument. It is essentially a hand-held lens that converges light to produce an enlarged, upright image that appears to stand where light doesn't actually converge, known as a 'virtual' image. To view an item in greater detail, it is positioned between the lens and its focal point, and the optimal observation occurs when

188-541: A glass globe filled with water, used to cauterize wounds. ( Seneca wrote that it could be used to read letters "no matter how small or dim". ) A convex lens used for forming a magnified image was described in the Book of Optics by Ibn al-Haytham in 1021. After the book was translated during the Latin translations of the 12th century , Roger Bacon described the properties of a magnifying glass in 13th-century England . This

235-441: A larger distance away, and a good image can be obtained very easily; the focus is not very sensitive to the eye's exact position. The magnifying power in this case is roughly MP  = (0.25 m)Φ. A typical magnifying glass might have a focal length of 25 cm, corresponding to an optical power of 4 dioptres. Such a magnifier would be sold as a "2×" magnifier. In actual use, an observer with "typical" eyes would obtain

282-469: A magnifying power between 1 and 2, depending on where lens is held. A magnifying glass can serve as a fire-starting tool in survival situations. Any transparent lens with significant magnifying ability, such as a standard magnifying glass or a jeweler's loupe, can concentrate sunlight to ignite tinder. The technique involves positioning the lens to focus a small, intense spot of light onto the tinder, awaiting ignition with patience. The advantage of this method

329-466: A multiple-lens magnifier, such as a Hastings triplet . High power magnifiers are sometimes mounted in a cylindrical or conical holder with no handle, often designed to be worn on the head; this is called a loupe . Such magnifiers can reach up to about 30×, and at these magnifications the aperture of the magnifier becomes very small and it must be placed very close to both the object and the eye. For more convenient use or for magnification beyond about 30×,

376-468: A plugin-based architecture for applying filters and effects within the Quartz graphics rendering layer. The framework was later added to iOS in iOS 5 . Core Image abstracts the pixel-level manipulation process required when applying a filter to an image, making it simple for applications to implement image transformation capabilities without extensive coding. In a simple implementation, Core Image applies

423-566: A range of threads . It provides color-coded time-line views of thread activity and can display backtraces of activity at specific points in time. It was merged in Instruments app, and can be accessed via "System Trace" instrument. Xcode is an integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS containing a suite of software development tools developed by Apple for developing software for macOS, iOS , iPadOS , watchOS , tvOS , and visionOS . Xcode supports developing source code for

470-470: A single Image Filter to the pixel data of a given source to produce the transformed image. Each Image Filter specifies a single transform or effect, either built into Core Image or loaded from a plugin called an Image Unit . Combined with preset or user-defined input parameters, the filter can be applied to the original pixel data without modifying it, thereby providing non-destructive image editing. Like Photoshop , Core Image can apply multiple filters to

517-652: A tool of both practical utility and significant symbolic value. "The evidence indicates that the use of lenses was widespread throughout the Middle East and the Mediterranean basin over several millennia". Archaeological findings from the 1980s in Crete's Idaean Cave unearthed rock crystal lenses dating back to the Archaic Greek period , showcasing exceptional optical quality. These discoveries suggest that

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564-481: Is a convex lens that is used to produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle. Beyond its primary function of magnification, this simple yet ingenious tool serves a variety of purposes. It can be employed to focus sunlight, harnessing the Sun's rays to create a concentrated hot spot at the lens's focus , which is often used for starting fires. In another innovative form,

611-525: Is a different quantity). The magnifying power is the ratio of the sizes of the images formed on the user's retina with and without the lens. For the "without" case, it is typically assumed that the user would bring the object as close to one eye as possible without it becoming blurry. This point, known as the near point of accommodation , varies with age. In a young child, it can be as close as 5 cm, while, in an elderly person it may be as far as one or two metres. Magnifiers are typically characterized using

658-563: Is created with C source code to initialize OpenGL (using the GLUT library) and run the shader program. Note that this program is no longer recommended for editing GLSL shaders as "GLSLEditorSample," available as an example program, is generally regarded as superior. Creates application .pkg installer bundles for installing applications using the Installer application. A magnifying glass application for magnifying small sections of

705-437: Is less likely to interfere with the statistics it is gathering with the exception of some disk fragmentation devices. This tool assists developers in debugging and optimizing OpenGL usage under macOS. Supported features: An integrated environment to develop and debug OpenGL GPU programs ( Shaders ) under macOS. Features supported by OpenGL Shader Builder: One notable feature is 'Export to Xcode'. A sample Xcode project

752-461: Is no longer included as a separate application and all editing of plist files is done within Xcode. The last stand-alone version was version 5.3 in Xcode 3.2.6. A visual programming language for processing and rendering data. Using OpenGL , Core Image , Core Video , and other technologies to build an API and serves as a simple visual programming paradigm. Quartz Composer is a core technology of

799-606: Is preferred , the compiler can operate in a CPU fallback mode, generating commands suitable for the current CPU architecture instead. CPU fallback uses the vector processing capabilities of the current CPU or CPUs, and it is multi-processor aware. Thus, Core Image performance depends on the GLSL capabilities of the GPU or the processing power of the CPU. With a supported GPU, most effects can be rendered in realtime or near-realtime. Core Image

846-535: Is represented by a 128-bit vector (four 32-bit color channels). For color spaces of lower bit-depth, the floating-point calculation model employed by Core Image provides exceptional performance, which is useful when processing multiple images or video frames. Any programmable GPU that supports the required OpenGL Shader ( GLSL ) commands is Core Image capable. Apple has used the following graphics cards to support Core Image GPU processing in Mac OS X 10.4 and Aperture, so

893-608: Is the simplicity of the lens and the minimal effort required. However, its effectiveness is contingent upon clear, strong sunlight, which may be inconsistent depending on geographic location and time of year. Beyond survival uses, magnifying glasses are invaluable tools for jewelers and hobbyists. Jewelers rely on them to scrutinize the quality and authenticity of precious gems, ensuring accurate evaluations. Hobbyists, from those engaged in sewing and needlework to stamp collectors, depend on magnifying glasses for detailed work, enhancing both precision and enjoyment. This versatility underlines

940-527: The programming languages C , C++ , Objective-C , Objective-C++ , Java , AppleScript , Python , Ruby , ResEdit (Rez), and Swift , with a variety of programming models, including but not limited to Cocoa , Carbon , and Java. Core Image Core Image is a pixel-accurate, near-realtime, non-destructive image processing technology in Mac OS X. Implemented as part of the QuartzCore framework of Mac OS X 10.4 and later, Core Image provides

987-451: The action. Showcases Core Image, a technology introduced in Mac OS X 10.4 , supported by newer graphic hardware. A developer utility for setting report parameters for Apple's Crash Reporter application. A staple of macOS's developer tools since the days of NeXTSTEP , FileMerge graphically compares two or more versions of a file. True to its name, FileMerge allows the user to easily merge

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1034-566: The application's resources. Includes tools to analyze the data produced by a sampling run. Since Mac OS X 10.7 , it is not on the Apple site any more and was replaced by Instruments . Spin Control is a performance tool used for monitoring hang activity in software programs. The program gets its name from the spinning pinwheel on macOS. Discontinued as of Xcode 4.2. Thread Viewer is a performance tool which graphically displays activity across

1081-403: The audio unit's graphic interface and touch screen. A set of software tools, collectively Computer Hardware Understanding Development Tools (CHUD Tools) measure software performance on macOS, to aid in optimizing. Also provides hardware system benchmarks. Used in testing Core Image units, which function similar to Adobe Photoshop filters. Each has a specific action, with parameters customize

1128-619: The code for this instruction pipeline with a just-in-time compiler , which is executed by either the CPU or graphics card's GPU, whichever can perform the calculation faster. Filters are written in the Core Image Kernel Language , which shares a subset of commands with OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) . When a compatible GPU is available, the Core Image compiler writes the instruction pipeline using GLSL, handling buffers and states transparently. Although GPU rendering

1175-408: The code. Assistance for assessing memory usage and detecting memory leaks in programs. Assesses an application's memory usage by monitoring a user as they interact with an application, which allows MallocDebug to build a memory profile that unfortunately is limited in size. Real time access to the inner workings of the graphics processing unit. Runs locally or over a network using Bonjour which

1222-450: The command-line utility iconutil, which ships with macOS. Instruments is a GUI for tracing framework DTrace from Sun's OpenSolaris . It is used to profile time usage, memory allocations, system activity, call trace analysis, GPU performance analysis, energy logging (on iOS devices) etc. Java tool that aids in packaging an application's component files into a single double-clickable application. Properties can be modified to optimize

1269-435: The computer's screen, centered around the mouse cursor , giving the user a detailed view of the screen, as well as the pixel coordinates of the mouse. Provides several levels of zoom, "locking" the image under the mouse for closer examination, and saves the magnified image one of several formats. Helps ensure visual elements are aligned precisely. Edits application preference plist files. As of Xcode 4, Property List Editor

1316-448: The device in 1609, employing the magnifying lens in an innovative manner, further extending the application of optical technologies developed through the ages. The magnification of a magnifying glass depends upon where it is placed between the user's eye and the object being viewed, and the total distance between them. The magnifying power is equivalent to angular magnification (this should not be confused with optical power , which

1363-449: The following list could be considered an example of minimum requirements: Note that any GPU capable of handling Core Image instructions is also Quartz Extreme capable. The requirements for Core Image are greater than those of Quartz Extreme. macOS includes many built-in filters, including the following ones. Mac OS X 10.4 introduced over 100 of them, and Mac OS X 10.5 added to the list. Magnifying glass A magnifying glass

1410-419: The image is at the closest distance at which the eye can focus comfortably. The lens's magnification is the ratio of the image's apparent height to the object's actual height, correlating to the proportion of the distances from the image to the lens and the object to the lens. Moving the object nearer to the lens amplifies this effect, increasing magnification. The highest magnifying power is obtained by putting

1457-408: The intuitive connection between the physical act of magnifying to see more clearly and the metaphorical act of searching for information in the digital space. Beyond its digital symbolization for search functions, the magnifying glass also holds a place in educational symbolism, often representing curiosity, exploration, and the quest for knowledge. Educational institutions and programs frequently use

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1504-408: The lens very close to one eye, and moving the eye and the lens together to obtain the best focus . The object will then typically also be close to the lens. The magnifying power obtained in this condition is MP 0  = (0.25 m)Φ + 1, where Φ is the optical power in dioptres , and the factor of 0.25 m represents the assumed near point (¼ m from the eye). This value of

1551-427: The lower-power types being much more common. At higher magnifications, the image quality of a simple magnifying glass becomes poor due to optical aberrations , particularly spherical aberration . When more magnification or a better image is required, other types of hand magnifier are typically used. A Coddington magnifier provides higher magnification with improved image quality. Even better images can be obtained with

1598-595: The macOS. Quartz Composer creations work in any QuickTime -aware application (beginning with Mac OS X 10.4), from the Quartz Composer application, or embedded into Cocoa or Carbon applications. Quartz Composer has many similarities to Max/MSP although its primary usage is for graphical rather than audio processing. Offers the ability to construct interactive video compositions that react to audio or MIDI signals and can be played from any QuickTime aware application. Pierre-Olivier Latour originally developed

1645-436: The magnifying glass can manifest as a sheet magnifier , employing numerous slender, concentric, ring-shaped lenses. These are collectively known as a Fresnel lens , which, despite being significantly thinner, operates effectively as a single lens. This particular design finds its utility in applications such as screen magnifiers for TVs, offering a lightweight and efficient solution for enlarging visuals. The cultural impact of

1692-415: The magnifying glass extends far into the realms of literature and pop culture, symbolizing the pursuit of truth and the uncovering of secrets. It is famously associated with the investigative work of fictional detectives, with Sherlock Holmes being the most iconic figure to wield it, cementing its status as an emblem of detective fiction . Through its various forms and functions, the magnifying glass remains

1739-592: The magnifying glass's enduring utility across a spectrum of activities, from professional assessments to leisure pursuits. Advanced digital magnifiers and apps have emerged as modern alternatives to traditional magnifying glasses, offering features such as variable magnification levels, high-contrast modes, and text-to-speech for visually impaired users. These tools not only magnify text and objects but also enhance readability and accessibility, making them invaluable for daily living and educational purposes. Magnifying glasses typically have low magnifying power: 2×–6×, with

1786-424: The magnifying power is the one normally used to characterize magnifiers. It is typically denoted " m ×", where m  =  MP 0 . This is sometimes called the total power of the magnifier (again, not to be confused with optical power). However, magnifiers are not always used as described above because it is more comfortable to put the magnifier close to the object (one focal length away). The eye can then be

1833-425: The operating system's phonemic translation engine, creates graphs of the generated tone, to visually adjust the intonation, and records samples for reference. Shark is a profiler , used by software developers to optimize software programs on macOS. It samples software at set time intervals (or driven by hardware performance monitors events) taking snapshots of the stack, showing the functions which require more of

1880-513: The predecessor to Quartz Composer under the name PixelShox Studio. A resurgence in interest in Quartz Composer has come about, as the Facebook design team has been showcasing their utilization of the program to prototype interactions that they couldn't have otherwise depicted with flat mockups in Photoshop . Optimizes the performance of the built-in text-to-speech software for macOS. Tests

1927-436: The same image source. Instead of applying a series of filters individually, Core Image assembles a dynamic instruction pipeline so that only one calculation needs to be applied to the pixel data to achieve a cumulative effect. Applying the pixel operations associated with multiple filters can be achieved simultaneously and without a significant increase in processing time. Regardless of the number of filters, Core Image assembles

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1974-594: The two or more versions into one file. The utility is often used to track changes to source code. macOS's opendiff command provides the ability to launch FileMerge from the command line. The -ancestor parameter can be used for three-way merging . Creates an index file for the macOS built-in Help Viewer . Views the resources for an .icns file, displaying the Mini, Small, Large, Huge, Thumbnail & Tile sizes in all color depths and masks . Icon Composer

2021-516: The use of lenses for magnification and possibly for starting fires was widespread in the Mediterranean and Middle East, indicating an advanced understanding of optics in antiquity . The earliest explicit written evidence of a magnifying device is a joke in Aristophanes 's The Clouds from 424 BC, where magnifying lenses to ignite tinder were sold in a pharmacy, and Pliny the Elder 's "lens",

2068-473: Was an icon editor that does not have any editing features other than composing Apple Icon Image files and Windows ICO files . External editors must do all the image manipulation, then the results may be imported into the converter to create the finished icon. As of Xcode 8.2, Icon Composer is no longer available in Additional Tools, as it cannot create high resolution icons. Apple recommends using

2115-431: Was followed by the development of eyeglasses in 13th-century Italy . Building on this foundation, in the late 1500s, two Dutch spectacle makers Jacob Metius and Zacharias Janssen crafted the compound microscope by assembling several magnifying lenses in a tube, marking a significant advancement in optical instruments. Not long after, Hans Lipperhey introduced the telescope in 1608 and Galileo Galilei improving on

2162-400: Was inspired by that of Core Audio. All pixel processing provided by an Image Unit is performed in a pre-multiplied alpha ( RGBA ) color space, storing four color channels: red, green, blue, and transparency ( alpha ). Each color channel is represented by a 32-bit, floating point number. This provides exceptional color depth, far greater than can be perceived by the human eye , as each pixel

2209-574: Was introduced with Mac OS X 10.4 . Early examples of its use can be found in the ripple effect in Dashboard , and Apple's professional digital photography application, Aperture . Starting with Mac OS X 10.5 , any application that implements Image Kit can utilize Core Image. Preview and iPhoto are common examples. In 2011, Apple added Core Image to iOS in iOS 5.0. The Xcode Tools include Core Image Fun House and Quartz Composer ; both utilize Core Image. The Core Image plugin architecture

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