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29-659: It is located on a hill overlooking the Çoruh River near the Deriner Dam . It is a former bishopric and (vacant) Armenian Catholic titular see and the home of Artvin Çoruh University . Artifacts dating back to the Bronze Age and even earlier have been found. The area was part of the kingdom of Colchis and part of the Greater Armenia but was always vulnerable to invasions, first the Scythians from across

58-436: A 11.7 m (38 ft) diameter. The foundation required extensive excavation because layers of decompressed rock existed above the sound granodiorite rock. To secure the foundation, over 2,000 re-stressable post-tensioned rock anchors were installed. At the end of 2005, workers began pouring concrete for the dam's foundation but because of funding, this was delayed between September 2006 and September 2007. By January 2008,

87-517: A long time the region became a cultural safe-house and one of the most important religious centers of Georgia. The Seljuk Turks of Alp Arslan conquered the area in 1064 AD; but soon, it was briefly recaptured by the Georgians with the help of the Byzantines. But in 1081 Turkish forces led by Saltukoğlu Beylik managed to take it back with the aid of Melikşah . With the collapse of

116-512: A maximum of 7,000 m /s (250,000 cu ft/s) of water. The dam's other spillway consists of two tunnels, each on opposing banks behind the dam. The right tunnel is 459 m (1,506 ft) long and the left is 472 m (1,549 ft) long. Each tunnel is controlled by a 6.5 m (21 ft) high, 24 m (79 ft) long flap gate. Each of these tunnels have the same capacity as both combined can discharge up to 2,250 m /s (79,000 cu ft/s) of water. The reservoir behind

145-483: A vacant residential see until 1971, but in 1972, suppressing it as such, began to list Artvin as the Armenian Catholic titular bishopric of Artvin (Curiate Italian) / Artwin / Artuinen(sis) Armenorum (Latin). However it never has had a titular incumbent, who should be of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank. In the census of 1897, the town of Artvin was mainly populated by Armenians, part of whom came from

174-454: Is a 249 m (817 ft) high, 720 m (2,360 ft) long double-curved arch dam . It has a base width of 60 m (200 ft) and a crest width at the top cantilever of 1 m (3.3 ft). A total of 3,400,000 m (4,400,000 cu yd) of concrete forms the dam's body which also contains its orifice spillway . This spillway consists of 8 2.8 m (9.2 ft) x 5.6 m (18 ft) flap gates that can discharge

203-527: Is a concrete double-curved arch dam on the Çoruh River 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Artvin in Artvin Province , Turkey . The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and additionally flood control . Construction on the dam began in 1998, the reservoir began to fill in February 2012 and the power station was completed by February 2013. It will have a 670 MW power house and

232-927: Is known for the Caucasus (Kafkas in Turkish) Culture and Arts Festival, a celebration that takes place at the Kafkasör plateau every year. The most famous event is the bull wrestling which draws many local and international visitors. Artvin has an Oceanic climate (Cfb) under the Köppen classification. It also has a warm summer oceanic climate (Dob) according to the Trewartha classification system . Highest recorded temperature:43.0 °C (109.4 °F) on 18 August 1961 Lowest recorded temperature:−16.1 °C (3.0 °F) on 14 January 1950 Deriner Dam Deriner Dam ( Turkish : Deriner Barajı )

261-766: Is the tallest dam in Turkey. The dam is being implemented by Turkey's State Hydraulic Works and constructed by a consortium of Turkish, Russian and Swiss companies. The dam is named after İbrahim Deriner, who died while serving as the Chief Engineer of its research team. In 1969, a survey of the energy potential of the Coruh River was carried out by the Electrical Power Resources Survey Administration and later potential dam foundations were investigated. Based on

290-792: The Caucasus , then the Muslim armies led by Habib, son of Caliph Uthman who controlled the area from 853 AD to 1023 when it was conquered by the Byzantines from the Sac Emirate linked to the Abbasids . The Principalities of Tao-Klarjeti arose out of the turmoils of the Muslim conquests in the Caucasus in the 7th and 8th centuries, succeeding the early medieval Kingdom of Iberia and latter leading unification of Georgian Kingdom . For

319-487: The Mush and Van region. However, the district in which the town was located was largely Muslim. Outside of the town, the population in the district numbered 49,049 people, of whom 39,997 (82%) were Turks, 5,458 (11%) Georgian and 3,173 (6%) Armenian. There are a number of Ottoman Empire houses and public buildings, including : The surrounding countryside offers many places for climbing, trekking and rafting. Artvin

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348-653: The Russian Revolution of 1917; but when the First World War ended with the Ottomans on the losing side, British troops moved into the area in 1918, followed by Democratic Republic of Georgia . As a result of Red Army invasion of Georgia , Artvin was ceded to newly established Turkey under the Treaty of Kars in 1921. Above the strategically placed town and road is the fortress, which was once within

377-584: The papal bulla Universi Dominici gregis from Pius IX established the Armenian Catholic eparchy ( Eastern Catholic diocese) of Artvin of the Armenians , with jurisdiction over the extreme northeast of Turkey and in the (Russian) Transcaucasus . It has had only three incumbents: In 1890 about 12,000 Armenian Catholics were reported, entrusted to the care of 13 Armenian priests in 2 churches and 5 chapels. Under an agreement between Russia and

406-679: The Artvin okrug formed a part of the Kutaisi Governorate . The prefectures ( участки , uchastki ) of the Artvin okrug were: According to the Russian Empire Census , the Artvin okrug had a population of 56,140 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 29,064 men and 27,076 women. The majority of the population indicated Turkish to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Georgian speaking minorities. According to

435-632: The Holy See in 1904, Catholic Armenians throughout the Caucasus and interior Russia were entrusted to an apostolic administrator resident in Tbilisi (Georgia), but the Soviet authorities imprisoned him, and he died some time before 1937. The diocese had already lost most of its faithful in the Armenian genocide at the end of the First World War . The Holy See continued to list the eparchy of Artvin as

464-606: The Seljuks, the Artvin area came under the control of the Ildeniz tribe of the Anatolian Turkish beyliks . The Kingdom of Georgia regained control over the region through Georgian-Seljuk wars . Taking advantage of Georgia's weakness through Mongol invasions , Turkmens started their incursions into south-western Georgia. The largely Georgian population of the region called on lord of Samtskhe , to assist them against

493-666: The Treaties of Brest-Litovsk , Moscow and Kars . The conflict and uncertainty between Russia and Turkey in the late 19th century brought terrible suffering to the people of Artvin ( Muslim Georgians ), with much of the population moving westwards away from the Russian-controlled areas. The town was the administrative center of the Artvin Okrug of the Batum Oblast . The Russians withdrew from Artvin following

522-638: The Turkmens. By the mid-13th century, the Jaqelis realm thus incorporated most of the mountainous areas of north eastern Anatolia. Various Turkmen clans fought for control over the area and this continued until the Safavids ultimately took advantage of the infighting and conquered the area in 1502. The Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II defeated the Empire of Trebizond to bring the eastern Black Sea coast and

551-593: The city of Batumi in the newly acquired lands of Ajaria and it became the hub of the area. This lasted 250 years until the area was ceded to the Russians by the Ottoman Empire following the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) , and recovered and again ceded at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 . Artvin was in a war zone and continuously changing hands between Russia and Turkey with

580-405: The dam has a catchment area of 18,389 km (7,100 sq mi), capacity of 1,970,000,000 m (7.0 × 10  cu ft) and regulating volume of 960,000,000 m (3.4 × 10  cu ft). The dam's power house is located underground on its right bank and has a width of 20 m (66 ft), length of 126 m (413 ft) and height of 45 m (148 ft). Contained in

609-461: The dam reached a height of 66 m (217 ft). By mid-2010, 2,300,000 m (3,000,000 cu yd) of the needed 3,400,000 m (4,400,000 cu yd) of concrete had been poured and 93% of the project was complete. The spillways within the dam's body were complete as well. On 24 February 2012, the dam was complete and began to impound its reservoir. The power station is expected to be operational by February 2013. The Deriner Dam

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638-517: The dam. The consortium started with the Russian company Technostroyexport and later expanded with Turkey's ERG Construction and the Swiss companies Stucky (engineering consulting), Andritz (turbines and hydromechanical works) and Alstom (generators, energy transmission and balance-of-plant). The Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the dam was completed and approved in 1995 and funding to begin

667-417: The medieval Georgian district of Nigali. The site consists of a single circuit wall surrounding the summit of the outcrop, several impressive rooms, an outwork protecting the south entrance, and a large donjon at the west. There are also embrasures and windows suitable for archers. In 1983 the fortress was surveyed and three years later an accurate scaled plan and description were published. On 30 April 1850,

696-492: The mountainous hinterland under their control. Subsequent expeditions into the mountains by Selim I and Mehmed Han Yusufeli gave them control of a number of castles and thus the whole district. Kara Ahmed Pasha, the vizier of Suleiman I formed the first Livane Sanjak with the name Pert-Eğekte. On 13 July 1551, with Skender Pasha's Ardanuç castle, the Ottoman control of Artvin was secure. Ahmed III 's vizer Hasan Pasha founded

725-513: The need for agricultural , not electric development was deemed a higher priority. As the demand for electricity in Turkey grew, the Çoruh Valley Project began its implementation. After negotiations and the signing of a protocol between the Turkish and Russian governments at the 1994 Turkish-Russian Mixed Economic Commission in Moscow, Turkey's State Hydraulic Works was authorized to move forward with

754-465: The power house are vertical Francis turbines that have a combined capacity of 670 MW and annual generation of 2,118 GWh. Water being transferred to the turbines does so by means of a 9 m (30 ft) diameter penstock . Once through the turbines, water exits the powerhouse via 74 m (243 ft) long horseshoe shaped tail-race tunnels. Artvin Okrug The Artvin okrug

783-530: The project was available in 1997. In 1998, the consortium received the site and construction commenced. Construction on the Deriner Dam began in January 1998, and by the end of 2005, the Coruh River had been diverted around the construction site and the dam's foundation was excavated and prepared. The river was diverted on the right-bank by means of a 937 m (3,074 ft) horseshoe-shaped tunnel with

812-406: The studies and investigations, a master plan for the river was started in 1979 and completed in 1982. The feasibility study for the Deriner Dam was not completed until 1987 and was carried out by the Swiss branch of Poyry Energy and Turkey's Dolsar Engineering. Several factors delayed construction of the dam during this period. The cost of relocating roads in such a mountainous area would be high and

841-637: Was a district ( okrug ) of the Batum Oblast of the Russian Empire , existing between 1878 and 1918. The district was eponymously named for its administrative centre, Artvin , presently part of the Artvin Province of Turkey . The district bordered with the Olti okrug to the south, the Ardahan okrug to the east, the Batumi okrug to the north, and the Ottoman Empire to the west. Between 1883 and 1903,

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