The Arundel Formation , also known as the Arundel Clay , is a clay -rich sedimentary rock formation , within the Potomac Group , found in Maryland of the United States of America . It dates to the Early Cretaceous , and is of late Aptian or (more likely) early Albian age. This rock unit had been economically important as a source of iron ore , but is now more notable for its dinosaur fossils . It is named for Anne Arundel County, Maryland .
18-529: It consists of clay lenses within depressions in the upper part of the Patuxent Formation that may represent oxbow swamp facies . The Arundel Formation contains a high number of terrestrial fauna, indicating that it was deposited in a freshwater fluvial environment, likely representing slow-moving river channels and oxbows. The Arundel Formation is the only major source for Early Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrates in eastern North America, and provides
36-704: A twisted intestine. Clark died on July 27, 1917, from a stroke at "Stonecrop", his summer home in North Haven, Maine . He was buried at Druid Ridge Cemetery in Pikesville. For his work at the Johns Hopkins University , one of the dormitories in the Alumni Memorial Residences ("AMRs") has been named after him. The building Clark Hall (also at The Johns Hopkins University), however, is not named after him (Clark Hall
54-545: Is Nedcolbertia ), the nodosaurid Priconodon , a possible basal ceratopsian , and potentially the ornithopod Tenontosaurus . Other vertebrates are not as well known from the formation, but include a freshwater shark , a lungfish , at least three genera of turtles , and several crocodilians . The dinosaurian fauna of the Arundel Formation is very similar to that found in the concurrent, more comprehensive geological formations from further west (i.e.
72-554: Is a nomen nudum that has not been formally published. Ornithomimus "O." affinis Junior synonym of " Dryosaurus " grandis Pleurocoelus P. altus "Tibia [and] fibula." P. nanus Priconodon P. crassus "Teeth, tibia." cf. Tenontosaurus Indeterminate Unassigned pteradactyloid tracks. Pteraichnus William Bullock Clark (1897) described lignitized trunks of trees often found in upright positions with their roots still intact. G. J. Brenner (1963) described spores and pollen within
90-489: Is a notable aquifer in southern Maryland. Biostratigraphic dating by Dorf (1952) confirmed Early Cretaceous ( Neocomian ) age. This article about a specific stratigraphic formation in the United States is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . William Bullock Clark William Bullock Clark (December 15, 1860 â July 27, 1917), was an American geologist . William Bullock Clark
108-556: Is evidence of shallow water origin. The Patuxent is the basal unit of the Coastal Plain sedimentary formations and unconformably overlies the crystalline basement rocks . This underlying unconformity is the subsurface equivalent of the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line . Propanoplosaurus , a nodosaurid known from a single natural cast and mold of a hatchling, was found recovered from rocks belonging to
126-739: The Antlers , Cloverly , and Cedar Mountain Formations). This supports the idea of a largely homogenous dinosaur fauna stretching across North America during the Early Cretaceous , until the formation of the Western Interior Seaway divided the continent and led to major faunal changes on both halves. In contrast, among other vertebrate taxa, there are major differences between the Arundel and these western formations; in
144-804: The Pan-American Exposition , Charleston Exposition and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition . In 1904, Clark was appointed to the rehabilitation committee of the burnt district following the Great Baltimore Fire . Clark was a member of the Maryland State Council. He served as chairman of the committee on national resources. He also served as a member of the Council of National Defense at the time of his death. He served as chairman of
162-1067: The Arundel, crocodylomorph and shark remains are far more common than those of bony fishes, whereas the opposite is true for the western formations. This may owe to differing environmental conditions on the Atlantic coast compared to the North American interior. Allosaurus "A." medius "Tooth." An indeterminate theropod tooth. Astrodon A. johnstoni "Tooth." " Capitalsaurus " "C." potens "Vertebra." A neotheropod possibly synonymous with Acrocanthosaurus. Coelurus "C." gracilis "Manual ungual and teeth." A dromaeosaurid synonymous with Deinonychus. Creosaurus "C." potens Reclassified as "Capitalsaurus" potens cf. Deinonychus Indeterminate A dromaeosaurid Dryosaurus "D." grandis "Limb elements." An indeterminate member of Ornithomimosauria. Magulodon M. muirkirkensis "Tooth" Likely an ornithischian , this genus
180-768: The Geological Society of London and was treasurer of the Geological Society of America at the time of his death. He also served as president of the Maryland branch of the National Conservation Association and president of the Children's Aid Society of Baltimore. Clark married Ellen C. Strong of Boston in 1892. They had four children, Edward S., Marion, Atherton and Helen. In September 1913, Clark had an operation on
198-825: The Patuxent Formation in Maryland. Fossil stegosaur tracks have been reported from the formation. E. Dorf (1952) compared the flora identified in the Patuxent to that of the Wealden Flora in England studied by Albert Seward . Pollen spores have been identified in the formation by G. J. Brenner (1963). The type locality is the upper and lower valleys of the Little Patuxent River and Big Patuxent River in Maryland. The Patuxent
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#1732775356277216-754: The United States Weather Bureau, while the Geological Survey was also a joint effort between the State of Maryland, Hopkins, and the Maryland Agricultural College. In both instances, Johns Hopkins provided facilities and funding for their ongoing support. Clark also served as the State's representative when the Mason-Dixon line was re-surveyed in 1900. He organized and directed Maryland's exhibits at
234-449: The best record of the dinosaurs that inhabited the region at the time. Dinosaurs present include the large theropod Acrocanthosaurus , the giant sauropod Astrodon , the possible ornithischian Magulodon , the poorly known theropods " Allosaurus " medius , "Creosaurus" potens , and " Coelurus " gracilis , the ornithomimosaurian " Dryosaurus " grandis , as well as another indeterminate ornithomimosaurian (though it most likely
252-658: The field doing geographical surveys in Great Britain and Prussia. In 1888 he became connected with the United States Geological Survey . Clark was a professor of geology at Johns Hopkins University who led the department through a period of great growth, during which it awarded forty-six PhDs, twice as many as any other university. He was appointed instructor at Johns Hopkins in 1887, promoted to associate in 1889, and promoted to associate professor in 1892 and professor in 1894. One of these
270-576: The formation. Patuxent Formation The Patuxent Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation of the Atlantic coastal plain . The Patuxent formation was first described by William Bullock Clark in 1897. The formation is primarily unconsolidated white-grey or orange-brown sand and gravel , with minor clay and silt. The sand often contains kaolinized feldspar , making it an arkose . Clay lumps are common, and sand beds gradually transition to clay. Sandy beds may be crossbedded , which
288-792: The subcommittee on highways and helped draw up plans for troop movement in case of invasion during World War I . He was also appointed by the Secretary of Interior to the Advisory Board on Drainage. Clark also served as executive officer of the Maryland State Forestry commission. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1902 and the National Academy of Sciences . Clark served as foreign correspondent of
306-466: Was born on December 15, 1860, at Brattleboro, Vermont , to Helen (nÊe Bullock) and Barna Atherton Clark. Clark had private tutors and graduated from Brattleboro High School. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Amherst College in 1884. He graduated with a PhD from the University of Munich in 1887. Clark graduated from Amherst College with a Doctor of Laws in 1908. He also spent time in
324-685: Was the first PhD in meteorology ever earned in the United States awarded to Oliver Lanard Fassig . In addition to this, Clark founded and directed both the Maryland State Weather Service (founded in 1891) and the Maryland Geological Survey (1896). Clark served as the State Geologist of Maryland from 1896 to 1917, The State Weather Service was a cooperative venture between Hopkins, the Maryland Agricultural College [now University of Maryland], and
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