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27-453: Araras means macaws . "The city of Araras has its first records in the 18th century, starting on May 19, 1865, when Bento Lacerda Guimarães (Barão de Araras) and José de Lacerda Guimarães (Barão de Ary) considered the founders of Araras, doaram lands For the construction of the Church of Our Lady of Patrocínio, the patron saint of the city, the origin of the name Araras, and as a consequence of

54-415: A correlation between clay-lick use and the breeding season. Contents of nestling crop samples show a high percentage of clay fed to them by their parents. Calcium for egg development – another hypothesis – does not appear to be a reason for geophagy during this period as peak usage is after the hatching of eggs. Another theory is that the birds, as well as other herbivorous animals, use the clay licks as

81-435: A group of New World parrots that are long-tailed and often colorful, in the tribe Arini . They are popular in aviculture or as companion parrots , although there are conservation concerns about several species in the wild. Of the many different Psittacidae (true parrots) genera , six are classified as macaws: Ara , Anodorhynchus , Cyanopsitta , Primolius , Orthopsittaca , and Diopsittaca . Previously,

108-463: A number of textiles, most notably feathered panels and tabards . Due to the fragile nature of the feathers, many of these pieces have begun to deteriorate over time. Anodorhynchus A. glaucus (Vieillot, 1816) A. hyacinthinus (Latham, 1790) A. leari Bonaparte, 1856 Anodorhynchus is a genus of large blue macaws from open and semi-open habitats in central and eastern South America . It includes two extant species ,

135-437: A separate identity. The majority of macaws are now endangered in the wild and a few are extinct . The Spix's macaw is now probably extinct in the wild. The glaucous macaw is also probably extinct, with only two reliable records of sightings in the 20th century. The greatest problems threatening the macaw population are the rapid rate of deforestation and illegal trapping for the bird trade. Prehistoric Native Americans in

162-533: A source of cobalamin , otherwise known as vitamin B 12 . Macaws and their feathers have attracted the attention of people throughout history, most notably in pre-Columbian civilizations such as the Inca , Wari' , and Nazca . Macaw feathers were highly desired for their bright colors and acquired through hunting and trade. Feathers were often used as adornment and were found at both ceremonial and burial sites. South American weavers have used their feathers to create

189-399: Is not seen outside the western Amazon region, even though macaws in these areas consume some toxic foods such as the seeds of Hura crepitans , or sandbox tree , which have toxic sap. Species of parrot that consume more seeds, which potentially have more toxins, do not use clay licks more than species that eat a greater proportion of flowers or fruit in their diets. Studies at TRC have shown

216-666: The Amazon Basin eat clay from exposed river banks to neutralize these toxins. In the western Amazon hundreds of macaws and other parrots descend to exposed river banks to consume clay on an almost daily basis – except on rainy days. Donald Brightsmith, the principal investigator of The Macaw Society , located at the Tambopata Research Center (TRC) in Peru, has studied the clay eating behaviour of parrots at clay licks in Peru. He and fellow investigators found that

243-570: The Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil , among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil. This geographical article relating to the state of São Paulo is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Macaw Anodorhynchus Ara Cyanopsitta Primolius Orthopsittaca Diopsittaca Macaws are

270-464: The Caribbean . Most species are associated with forests, but others prefer woodland or savannah-like habitats. Proportionately larger beaks, long tails, and relatively bare, light-coloured medial (facial patch) areas distinguish macaws from other parrots. Sometimes the facial patch is smaller in some species and limited to a yellow patch around the eyes and a second patch near the base of the beak in

297-608: The hyacinth macaw and Lear's macaw also known as the indigo macaw, and one probably extinct species, the glaucous macaw . At about 100 centimetres (39 in) in length the hyacinth macaw is the longest parrot in the world. Glaucous and Lear's macaws are exclusively cliff nesters; hyacinth macaws are mostly tree nesters. The three species mainly feed on the nuts from a few species of palms (notably Acrocomia aculeata , Attalea phalerata , Butia yatay and Syagrus coronata ). While blue macaws have been known from taxidermic and captive specimens since at least 1790, location of

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324-684: The American Southwest farmed macaws in establishments known as "feather factories". International trade of all macaw species is regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). Some species of macaws—the scarlet macaw ( Ara macao ) as an example—are listed in the CITES Appendix I and may not be lawfully traded for commercial purposes. Other species, such as

351-724: The Lear's macaw's endemic habitat wasn't known until 1978. The glaucous macaw was extirpated in the 1800s by clearance for agriculture and cattle grazing of the yatay palm (Butia yatay) groves upon which it fed, though rumors of its continued existence persist. Lear's macaws have made a comeback from near extinction in the early 1980s (about 60 birds) to over 1000 as a result of conservation programs. Hyacinth macaws remain locally common within parts of their range, but their range has become fragmented into three known distinct populations in southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia and northeastern Paraguay; populations are declining due to extensive trapping for

378-414: The allopatric Lear's macaw and glaucous macaw should be considered conspecifics. Besides the three recognised species, there is the violet macaw , Anodorhynchus purpurascens , which was described by Rothschild and featured in his book, Extinct Birds published in 1907, but there is very little evidence to support it as separate species and it should be regarded as a hypothetical extinct species . In

405-515: The cob, dandelion greens, collard greens, hot peppers, spinach, sweet potatoes, tomatoes and zucchini. Wild species may forage widely, over 100 km (62 mi) for some of the larger species such as Ara araurana (blue and yellow macaw) and Ara ambigua (great green macaw), in search of seasonally available foods. Some foods eaten by macaws in certain regions in the wild are said to contain toxic or caustic substances which they are able to digest. It has been suggested that parrots and macaws in

432-493: The countless Araras that inhabited the Ribeirão das Furnas, was raised to Vila pela on March 24, 1871. Law nº29, initiating the construction of the municipality. Due to the political emancipation of Araras, on March 24th was marked as the date of the city's anniversary." In 2012 Araras completed 150 years of foundation and 145 years of political-administrative emancipation in relation to the municipality of Limeira . Commemorating

459-478: The dates, on March 25, 2012, the Orquestra Sinfônica de Ribeirão Preto appeared in the city. The event brought together more than 7 thousand people at Praça Barão de Araras and Largo da Basílica. União São João Esporte Clube , founded in 1981, is the most successful football club of the city. In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo . In July 1998, this company

486-660: The family, the red-shouldered macaw, is no larger than some parakeets of the genus Aratinga . Macaws, like other parrots , toucans and woodpeckers , are zygodactyl , having their first and fourth toes pointing backward. There are 19 species of macaws, including extinct and critically endangered species . In addition, there are several hypothetical extinct species that have been proposed based on very little evidence. Several hypothetical extinct species of macaws have been postulated based on little evidence, and they may have been subspecies, or familiar parrots that were imported onto an island and later wrongly presumed to have

513-640: The general rule with captive macaws and other parrots, where the males are more abundant. This would explain why the blue and gold is the most commonly hybridised macaw, and why the hybridising trend took hold among macaws. Common macaw hybrids include the harlequin ( Ara ararauna × Ara chloroptera ), miligold macaw ( Ara ararauna × Ara militaris ) and the Catalina (known as the rainbow in Australia, Ara ararauna × Ara macao ). In addition, unusual but apparently healthy intergeneric hybrids between

540-428: The hyacinth macaw and several of the larger Ara macaws have also occasionally been seen in captivity. Another, much rarer, occurrence of a second-generation hybrid (F2) is the miliquin macaw (harlequin and military macaws). Macaws eat a variety of foods including seeds, nuts, fruits, palm fruits, leaves, flowers, and stems. Safe vegetables include asparagus, beets, bell peppers, broccoli, butternut, carrots, corn on

567-410: The members of the genus Anodorhynchus . A macaw's facial feather pattern is as unique as a fingerprint. The largest macaws are the hyacinth , Buffon's (great green) and green-winged macaws. While still relatively large parrots, mini-macaws of the genera Cyanopsitta , Orthopsittaca and Primolius are significantly smaller than the members of Anodorhynchus and Ara . The smallest member of

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594-458: The members of the genus Primolius were placed in Propyrrhura , but the former is correct in accordance with ICZN rules. In addition, the related macaw-like thick-billed parrot is sometimes referred to as a "macaw", although it is not phylogenetically considered to be a macaw species. Macaws are native to Central America and North America (only Mexico ), South America , and formerly

621-465: The ocean. The distribution of clay licks across South America further supports this hypothesis – as the largest and most species-rich clay licks are found on the western side of the Amazon Basin far from oceanic influences. Salt-enriched ( NaCl ) oceanic aerosols are the main source of environmental sodium near coasts and this decreases drastically farther inland. Clay-eating behaviour by macaws

648-647: The pet trade as well as habitat loss. All Anodorhynchus macaws are listed on CITES Appendix I. The genus, Anodorhynchus Spix, 1824 is one of six genera of Central and South American macaws in tribe Arini of macaws, parakeets and closely related genera. The macaws and parakeets comprise the clade of long-tailed parrots which with sister clade the short-tailed Amazonian parrots and allies make up subfamily Arinae of Neotropical parrots in family Psittacidae of true parrots. There are three currently recognized species (two extant and one probably extinct), all monotypic : Some recent commentators have suggested that

675-486: The red-shouldered macaw ( Diopsittaca nobilis ), are listed in Appendix II and may legally be traded commercially provided that certain controls are in place, including a non-detriment finding, establishment of an export quota, and issuing of export permits. Sometimes macaws are hybridized for the pet trade. Aviculturists have reported an over-abundance of female blue-and-yellow macaws in captivity, which differs from

702-452: The soils macaws choose to consume at the clay licks do not have higher levels of cation-exchange capacity (ability to absorb toxins) than that of unused areas of the clay licks and thus the parrots could not be using the clay to neutralize ingested food toxins. Rather, the macaws and other bird and animal species prefer clays with higher levels of sodium. Sodium is a vital element that is scarce in environments greater than 100 kilometres from

729-564: Was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable). Christianity is present in the city as follows: The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limeira . The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal , including

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