ArcaOS is a proprietary operating system based on OS/2 , developed and marketed by Arca Noae, LLC under license from IBM . It was first released in 2017 and builds on OS/2 Warp 4.52 by adding support for new hardware, fixing defects and limitations in the operating system, and by including new applications and tools, and includes some Linux / Unix tool compatibility. It is targeted at professional users who need to run their OS/2 applications on new hardware, as well as personal users of OS/2.
62-424: Like OS/2 Warp, ArcaOS is a 32-bit single user , multiprocessing , preemptive multitasking operating system for the x86 architecture. It is supported on both physical hardware and virtual machine hypervisors . ArcaOS supports symmetric multiprocessing systems with up to 64 processor cores, although it is recommended to disable hyperthreading . As of version 5.0.8, ArcaOS is ACPI 6.1-compliant and includes
124-484: A 32-bit address bus , permitting up to 4 GB of RAM to be accessed, far more than previous generations of system architecture allowed. 32-bit designs have been used since the earliest days of electronic computing, in experimental systems and then in large mainframe and minicomputer systems. The first hybrid 16/32-bit microprocessor , the Motorola 68000 , was introduced in the late 1970s and used in systems such as
186-471: A 64-bit UEFI firmware implementation can load only a 64-bit operating system (OS) boot loader or kernel (unless the CSM-based legacy boot is used) and the same applies to 32-bit. After the system transitions from boot services to runtime services , the operating system kernel takes over. At this point, the kernel can change processor modes if it desires, but this bars usage of the runtime services (unless
248-557: A ISA-independent device driver stored in non-volatile memory as EFI byte code or EBC . System firmware has an interpreter for EBC images. In that sense, EBC is analogous to Open Firmware , the ISA-independent firmware used in PowerPC -based Apple Macintosh and Sun Microsystems SPARC computers, among others. Some architecture-specific (non-EFI Byte Code) EFI drivers for some device types can have interfaces for use by
310-725: A UGA (Universal Graphic Adapter) protocol as a way to support graphics features. UEFI did not include UGA and replaced it with GOP (Graphics Output Protocol) . UEFI 2.1 defined a "Human Interface Infrastructure" (HII) to manage user input, localized strings, fonts, and forms (in the HTML sense). These enable original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) or independent BIOS vendors (IBVs) to design graphical interfaces for pre-boot configuration. UEFI uses UTF-16 to encode strings by default. Most early UEFI firmware implementations were console-based. Today many UEFI firmware implementations are GUI-based. An EFI system partition, often abbreviated to ESP,
372-609: A USB drive, and the update facility. Prior to the release of ArcaOS 5.0, ArcaOS 5.1 was originally planned for release in 2017 with a focus on supporting other languages including French, Spanish, Italian, German, and Dutch. Following the release of ArcaOS 5.0, Arca Noae began discussing a 5.1 release in their roadmaps, along with proposed new features. ArcaOS 5.1.0 was released on August 27, 2023, adding support for booting on UEFI Class 3 systems, and support for GUID partition tables — allowing for disks larger than OS/2's previous 2TB size limit. Other features which have been proposed for
434-478: A boot floppy, and instead the installer can be booted directly from optical media, or from a USB flash drive. The installer also provides an update facility, which allows ArcaOS to be updated to the latest release without reinstalling the entire operating system. Installation and updates of individual software packages is provided through the Arca Noae Package Manager (ANPM), which consists of
496-608: A maximum disk and partition size of 8 ZiB (8 × 2 bytes) . Support for GPT in Linux is enabled by turning on the option CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION (EFI GUID Partition Support) during kernel configuration. This option allows Linux to recognize and use GPT disks after the system firmware passes control over the system to Linux. For reverse compatibility, Linux can use GPT disks in BIOS-based systems for both data storage and booting, as both GRUB 2 and Linux are GPT-aware. Such
558-533: A mirror surface. HDR imagery allows for the reflection of highlights that can still be seen as bright white areas, instead of dull grey shapes. A 32-bit file format is a binary file format for which each elementary information is defined on 32 bits (or 4 bytes ). An example of such a format is the Enhanced Metafile Format . UEFI#Classes Unified Extensible Firmware Interface ( UEFI , / ˈ juː ɪ f aɪ / or as an acronym)
620-500: A native OS/2 graphical frontend on top of RPM and YUM . Software is provided through a mixture of freely available, and subscription only RPM repositories. The minimum hardware requirements for ArcaOS 5.1 are as follows: 2GB recommended ArcaOS was formally announced on October 23, 2015, at the Warpstock 2015 event (an OS/2 user group event) under the code name "Blue Lion" by Arca Noae's Managing Member, Lewis Rosenthal. Some of
682-579: A set of UEFI interfaces as defined in the Embedded Base Boot Requirements ( EBBR ) suitable for embedded environments such as Yocto. Many Linux and BSD distros can support both recipes. In December 2018, Microsoft announced Project Mu, a fork of TianoCore EDK II used in Microsoft Surface and Hyper-V products. The project promotes the idea of firmware as a service . The latest UEFI specification, version 2.10,
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#1732790921965744-450: A setup is usually referred to as BIOS-GPT . As GPT incorporates the protective MBR, a BIOS-based computer can boot from a GPT disk using a GPT-aware boot loader stored in the protective MBR's bootstrap code area . In the case of GRUB, such a configuration requires a BIOS boot partition for GRUB to embed its second-stage code due to absence of the post-MBR gap in GPT partitioned disks (which
806-569: A specific version of the FAT file system , which is maintained as part of the UEFI specification and independently from the original FAT specification, encompassing the FAT32 , FAT16 and FAT12 file systems. The ESP also provides space for a boot sector as part of the backward BIOS compatibility. Unlike the legacy PC BIOS, UEFI does not rely on boot sectors , defining instead a boot manager as part of
868-413: A total of 96 bits per pixel. 32-bit-per-channel images are used to represent values brighter than what sRGB color space allows (brighter than white); these values can then be used to more accurately retain bright highlights when either lowering the exposure of the image or when it is seen through a dark filter or dull reflection. For example, a reflection in an oil slick is only a fraction of that seen in
930-572: A user interface to allow the selection of another UEFI application to run. Utilities like the UEFI Shell are also UEFI applications. EFI defines protocols as a set of software interfaces used for communication between two binary modules. All EFI drivers must provide services to others via protocols. The EFI Protocols are similar to the BIOS interrupt calls . In addition to standard instruction set architecture -specific device drivers, EFI provides for
992-587: A variety of additional filesystems such as NTFS and NFS via its own IFS driver. The ArcaOS distribution includes a limited license version of NetDrive but the fully licensed version is capable of mounting a number of other local, native, and foreign file systems. ArcaOS features a new graphical installer which replaces the IBM installer used in OS/2 Warp. Unlike OS/2, the ArcaOS installation process does not require
1054-418: Is a data storage device partition that is used in computers adhering to the UEFI specification. Accessed by the UEFI firmware when a computer is powered up, it stores UEFI applications and the files these applications need to run, including operating system boot loaders . Supported partition table schemes include MBR and GPT , as well as El Torito volumes on optical discs. For use on ESPs, UEFI defines
1116-545: Is a specification for the firmware architecture of a computing platform . When a computer is powered on , the UEFI-implementation is typically the first that runs, before starting the operating system . Examples include AMI Aptio , Phoenix SecureCore , TianoCore EDK II , InsydeH2O . UEFI replaces the BIOS which was present in the boot ROM of all personal computers that are IBM PC compatible , although it can provide backwards compatibility with
1178-402: Is a 32-bit machine, with 32-bit registers and instructions that manipulate 32-bit quantities, but the external address bus is 36 bits wide, giving a larger address space than 4 GB, and the external data bus is 64 bits wide, primarily in order to permit a more efficient prefetch of instructions and data. Prominent 32-bit instruction set architectures used in general-purpose computing include
1240-465: Is commonly called UEFI-GPT booting . Despite the fact that the UEFI specification requires MBR partition tables to be fully supported, some UEFI firmware implementations immediately switch to the BIOS-based CSM booting depending on the type of boot disk's partition table, effectively preventing UEFI booting to be performed from EFI System Partition on MBR-partitioned disks. Such a boot scheme
1302-552: Is commonly called UEFI-MBR . It is also common for a boot manager to have a textual user interface so the user can select the desired OS (or setup utility) from a list of available boot options. To ensure backward compatibility, UEFI firmware implementations on PC-class machines could support booting in legacy BIOS mode from MBR-partitioned disks through the Compatibility Support Module (CSM) that provides legacy BIOS compatibility. In this scenario, booting
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#17327909219651364-713: Is performed in the same way as on legacy BIOS-based systems, by ignoring the partition table and relying on the content of a boot sector . BIOS-style booting from MBR-partitioned disks is commonly called BIOS-MBR , regardless of it being performed on UEFI or legacy BIOS-based systems. Furthermore, booting legacy BIOS-based systems from GPT disks is also possible, and such a boot scheme is commonly called BIOS-GPT . The Compatibility Support Module allows legacy operating systems and some legacy option ROMs that do not support UEFI to still be used. It also provides required legacy System Management Mode (SMM) functionality, called CompatibilitySmm , as an addition to features provided by
1426-495: Is recommended to be at least 512 MB in size and formatted with a FAT32 filesystem for maximum compatibility. For backward compatibility , some UEFI implementations also support booting from MBR-partitioned disks through the Compatibility Support Module (CSM) that provides legacy BIOS compatibility. In that case, booting Linux on UEFI systems is the same as on legacy BIOS-based systems. Some of
1488-406: Is required for devices shipping with Windows 8 and above. It is also possible for operating systems to access UEFI configuration data. As of version 2.5, processor bindings exist for Itanium, x86, x86-64, ARM (AArch32) and ARM64 (AArch64). Only little-endian processors can be supported. Unofficial UEFI support is under development for POWERPC64 by implementing TianoCore on top of OPAL,
1550-483: Is taken over by the GPT's Primary Header and Primary Partition Table ). Commonly 1 MB in size, this partition's Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) in GPT scheme is 21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649 and is used by GRUB only in BIOS-GPT setups. From GRUB's perspective, no such partition type exists in case of MBR partitioning. This partition is not required if the system is UEFI-based because no embedding of
1612-588: Is that a processor with 32-bit memory addresses can directly access at most 4 GiB of byte-addressable memory (though in practice the limit may be lower). The world's first stored-program electronic computer , the Manchester Baby , used a 32-bit architecture in 1948, although it was only a proof of concept and had little practical capacity. It held only 32 32-bit words of RAM on a Williams tube , and had no addition operation, only subtraction. Memory, as well as other digital circuits and wiring,
1674-519: The ExitBootServices() call), and they include text and graphical consoles on various devices, and bus, block and file services. Runtime services are still accessible while the operating system is running; they include services such as date, time and NVRAM access. Beyond loading an OS, UEFI can run UEFI applications , which reside as files on the EFI system partition . They can be executed from
1736-606: The 8088/8086 or 80286 , 16-bit microprocessors with a segmented address space where programs had to switch between segments to reach more than 64 kilobytes of code or data. As this is quite time-consuming in comparison to other machine operations, the performance may suffer. Furthermore, programming with segments tend to become complicated; special far and near keywords or memory models had to be used (with care), not only in assembly language but also in high level languages such as Pascal , compiled BASIC , Fortran , C , etc. The 80386 and its successors fully support
1798-769: The IBM System/360 , IBM System/370 (which had 24-bit addressing), System/370-XA , ESA/370 , and ESA/390 (which had 31-bit addressing), the DEC VAX , the NS320xx , the Motorola 68000 family (the first two models of which had 24-bit addressing), the Intel IA-32 32-bit version of the x86 architecture, and the 32-bit versions of the ARM , SPARC , MIPS , PowerPC and PA-RISC architectures. 32-bit instruction set architectures used for embedded computing include
1860-551: The IBM System/360 Model 30 had an 8-bit ALU, 8-bit internal data paths, and an 8-bit path to memory, and the original Motorola 68000 had a 16-bit data ALU and a 16-bit external data bus, but had 32-bit registers and a 32-bit oriented instruction set. The 68000 design was sometimes referred to as 16/32-bit . However, the opposite is often true for newer 32-bit designs. For example, the Pentium Pro processor
1922-510: The Unified EFI Forum . UEFI is independent of platform and programming language, but C is used for the reference implementation TianoCore EDKII. The original motivation for EFI came during early development of the first Intel–HP Itanium systems in the mid-1990s. BIOS limitations (such as 16-bit real mode , 1 MB addressable memory space, assembly language programming, and PC AT hardware) had become too restrictive for
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1984-533: The 16-bit segments of the 80286 but also segments for 32-bit address offsets (using the new 32-bit width of the main registers). If the base address of all 32-bit segments is set to 0, and segment registers are not used explicitly, the segmentation can be forgotten and the processor appears as having a simple linear 32-bit address space. Operating systems like Windows or OS/2 provide the possibility to run 16-bit (segmented) programs as well as 32-bit programs. The former possibility exists for backward compatibility and
2046-482: The 20220331 release of ACPICA . While ArcaOS is a 32-bit operating system, it has limited PAE support which allows it to use RAM in excess of 4GB as a RAM disk . ArcaOS supports being run as a virtual machine guest inside VirtualBox , VMware ESXi , VMWare Workstation and Microsoft Virtual PC . In addition to the device drivers included with OS/2 Warp 4, ArcaOS includes a variety of drivers developed by Arca Noae, and various third parties: In addition to
2108-408: The 5.1.x releases include: 32-bit In computer architecture , 32-bit computing refers to computer systems with a processor , memory , and other major system components that operate on data in 32- bit units. Compared to smaller bit widths, 32-bit computers can perform large calculations more efficiently and process more data per clock cycle. Typical 32-bit personal computers also have
2170-423: The 68000 family and ColdFire , x86, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, and Infineon TriCore architectures. On the x86 architecture , a 32-bit application normally means software that typically (not necessarily) uses the 32-bit linear address space (or flat memory model ) possible with the 80386 and later chips. In this context, the term came about because DOS , Microsoft Windows and OS/2 were originally written for
2232-458: The BIOS using CSM booting . Contrary to its predecessor BIOS which is a de facto standard originally created by IBM as proprietary software, UEFI is an open standard maintained by an industry consortium . Intel developed the original Extensible Firmware Interface ( EFI ) specification. The last Intel version of EFI was 1.10 released in 2005. Subsequent versions have been developed as UEFI by
2294-908: The Compatibility Support module of affected motherboards. In August 2023, Intel announced that it planned to phase out support CSM for server platforms by 2024. As of today, all computers based on Intel platforms no longer have CSM support. The UEFI specification includes support for booting over network via the Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE). PXE booting network protocols include Internet Protocol ( IPv4 and IPv6 ), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) and iSCSI . OS images can be remotely stored on storage area networks (SANs), with Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) as supported protocols for accessing
2356-680: The EFI specification at version 1.10, and contributed it to the Unified EFI Forum , which has developed the specification as the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). The original EFI specification remains owned by Intel, which exclusively provides licenses for EFI-based products, but the UEFI specification is owned by the UEFI Forum. Version 2.0 of the UEFI specification was released on 31 January 2006. It added cryptography and security. Version 2.1 of
2418-408: The EFI's practices and data formats mirror those of Microsoft Windows . The 64-bit versions of Windows Vista SP1 and later and 64-bit versions of Windows 8 , 8.1 , 10 , and 11 can boot from a GPT disk that is larger than 2 TB . EFI defines two types of services: boot services and runtime services . Boot services are available only while the firmware owns the platform (i.e., before
2480-645: The Linux kernel's UEFI boot stub . In addition to the standard PC disk partition scheme that uses a master boot record (MBR), UEFI also works with the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partitioning scheme, which is free from many of the limitations of MBR. In particular, the MBR limits on the number and size of disk partitions (up to four primary partitions per disk, and up to 2 TB (2 × 2 bytes ) per disk) are relaxed. More specifically, GPT allows for
2542-457: The OS boot loader, with the path varying depending on the computer architecture . The format of the file path is defined as <EFI_SYSTEM_PARTITION>\EFI\BOOT\BOOT<MACHINE_TYPE_SHORT_NAME>.EFI ; for example, the file path to the OS loader on an x86-64 system is \efi\boot\bootx64.efi , and \efi\boot\bootaa64.efi on ARM64 architecture. Booting UEFI systems from GPT-partitioned disks
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2604-432: The OS. This allows the OS to rely on EFI for drivers to perform basic graphics and network functions before, and if, operating-system-specific drivers are loaded. In other cases, the EFI driver can be filesystem drivers that allow for booting from other types of disk volumes. Examples include efifs for 37 file systems (based on GRUB2 code), used by Rufus for chain-loading NTFS ESPs. The EFI 1.0 specification defined
2666-471: The OS/2 kernel's own FAT driver, or a new Arca Noae-developed FAT32 IFS driver, included in ArcaOS since version 5.0.3. ArcaOS includes support for optical disc filesystems such as ISO 9660 and UDF . ArcaOS supports serving and accessing CIFS/SMB shares using the open source Samba project, and provides a graphical utility named ArcaMapper to manage configuration. NetDrive for OS/2 provides access to
2728-537: The OpenPOWER abstraction layer, running in little-endian mode. Similar projects exist for MIPS and RISC-V . As of UEFI 2.7, RISC-V processor bindings have been officially established for 32-, 64- and 128-bit modes. Standard PC BIOS is limited to a 16-bit processor mode and 1 MB of addressable memory space, resulting from the design based on the IBM 5150 that used a 16-bit Intel 8088 processor. In comparison,
2790-485: The UEFI SMM. An example of such a legacy SMM functionality is providing USB legacy support for keyboard and mouse, by emulating their classic PS/2 counterparts. In November 2017, Intel announced that it planned to phase out support CSM for client platforms by 2020. In July, of 2022, Kaspersky Labs published information regarding a Rootkit designed to chain boot malicious code on machines using Intel's H81 chipset and
2852-405: The UEFI Shell, by the firmware's boot manager , or by other UEFI applications. UEFI applications can be developed and installed independently of the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). A type of UEFI application is an OS boot loader such as GRUB , rEFInd , Gummiboot , and Windows Boot Manager , which loads some OS files into memory and executes them. Also, an OS boot loader can provide
2914-579: The UEFI specification was released on 7 January 2007. It added network authentication and the user interface architecture ('Human Interface Infrastructure' in UEFI). In October 2018, Arm announced Arm ServerReady , a compliance certification program for landing the generic off-the-shelf operating systems and hypervisors on Arm-based servers. The program requires the system firmware to comply with Server Base Boot Requirements (SBBR). SBBR requires UEFI, ACPI and SMBIOS compliance. In October 2020, Arm announced
2976-628: The UEFI specification. When a computer is powered on, the boot manager checks the boot configuration and, based on its settings, then executes the specified OS boot loader or operating system kernel (usually boot loader ). The boot configuration is defined by variables stored in NVRAM , including variables that indicate the file system paths to OS loaders or OS kernels. OS boot loaders can be automatically detected by UEFI, which enables easy booting from removable devices such as USB flash drives . This automated detection relies on standardized file paths to
3038-413: The commercial edition, and $ 129 per license for the personal edition, with $ 99 promotional price in effect for the first 90 days following release. ArcaOS 5.0 was followed by a number of maintenance releases between 2017 and 2023. In addition to bug fixes and driver updates, the maintenance releases added some significant features such as USB 3.0 support, support for NVMe drives, the ability to install from
3100-536: The extension of the program to the edge and IoT market. The new program name is Arm SystemReady . Arm SystemReady defined the Base Boot Requirements ( BBR ) specification that currently provides three recipes, two of which are related to UEFI: 1) SBBR: which requires UEFI, ACPI and SMBIOS compliance suitable for enterprise level operating environments such as Windows, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and VMware ESXi; and 2) EBBR: which requires compliance to
3162-412: The kernel switches back again). As of version 3.15, the Linux kernel supports 64-bit kernels to be booted on 32-bit UEFI firmware implementations running on x86-64 CPUs, with UEFI handover support from a UEFI boot loader as the requirement. UEFI handover protocol deduplicates the UEFI initialization code between the kernel and UEFI boot loaders, leaving the initialization to be performed only by
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#17327909219653224-516: The larger server platforms Itanium was targeting. The effort to address these concerns began in 1998 and was initially called Intel Boot Initiative . It was later renamed to Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI). The first open source UEFI implementation, Tiano, was released by Intel in 2004. Tiano has since then been superseded by EDK and EDK II and is now maintained by the TianoCore community. In July 2005, Intel ceased its development of
3286-412: The latter is usually meant to be used for new software development . In digital images/pictures, 32-bit usually refers to RGBA color space ; that is, 24-bit truecolor images with an additional 8-bit alpha channel . Other image formats also specify 32 bits per pixel, such as RGBE . In digital images, 32-bit sometimes refers to high-dynamic-range imaging (HDR) formats that use 32 bits per channel,
3348-612: The mid-2000s with installed memory often exceeding the 32-bit 4G RAM address limits on entry level computers. The latest generation of smartphones have also switched to 64 bits. A 32-bit register can store 2 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 (2 − 1) for representation as an ( unsigned ) binary number , and −2,147,483,648 (−2 ) through 2,147,483,647 (2 − 1) for representation as two's complement . One important consequence
3410-655: The original Apple Macintosh . Fully 32-bit microprocessors such as the HP FOCUS , Motorola 68020 and Intel 80386 were launched in the early to mid 1980s and became dominant by the early 1990s. This generation of personal computers coincided with and enabled the first mass-adoption of the World Wide Web . While 32-bit architectures are still widely-used in specific applications, the PC and server market has moved on to 64 bits with x86-64 and other 64-bit architectures since
3472-400: The planned features for Blue Lion announced at the time were: The name "ArcaOS" was first published in a TechRepublic article on May 26, 2016, while the arcaos.com domain was registered December 20, 2015. In the same TechRepublic article, Lewis Rosenthal was quoted as saying that the first release of ArcaOS would be version 5.0, as it follows onto the last release of OS/2 Warp from IBM, which
3534-414: The processor mode in a UEFI environment can be either 32-bit ( IA-32 , AArch32) or 64-bit ( x86-64 , Itanium, and AArch64). 64-bit UEFI firmware implementations support long mode , which allows applications in the preboot environment to use 64-bit addressing to get direct access to all of the machine's memory. UEFI requires the firmware and operating system loader (or kernel) to be size-matched; that is,
3596-424: The second-stage code is needed in that case. UEFI systems can access GPT disks and boot directly from them, which allows Linux to use UEFI boot methods. Booting Linux from GPT disks on UEFI systems involves creation of an EFI system partition (ESP), which contains UEFI applications such as bootloaders, operating system kernels, and utility software. Such a setup is usually referred to as UEFI-GPT , while ESP
3658-508: The software bundled with OS/2 Warp 4, ArcaOS includes some additional software, such as: ArcaOS includes a number of software components which allow it to directly run software developed for other operating systems, and to simplify the process of porting software to ArcaOS: ArcaOS's default filesystem is JFS , although HPFS is also supported for backwards compatibility. ArcaOS may be installed to and booted from either filesystem. FAT12 , FAT16 , and FAT32 are also supported using either
3720-487: Was 4.52 (also known as Merlin Convenience Pack 2, or MCP2). ArcaOS 5.0 was released May 15, 2017. There were two editions released: a commercial edition, intended for enterprise use (including 12 months of upgraded/prioritized technical support), and a personal edition, targeted at non-business users (including six months of standard technical support) at a reduced price. Pricing was listed as $ 229 per license for
3782-595: Was expensive during the first decades of 32-bit architectures (the 1960s to the 1980s). Older 32-bit processor families (or simpler, cheaper variants thereof) could therefore have many compromises and limitations in order to cut costs. This could be a 16-bit ALU , for instance, or external (or internal) buses narrower than 32 bits, limiting memory size or demanding more cycles for instruction fetch, execution or write back. Despite this, such processors could be labeled 32-bit , since they still had 32-bit registers and instructions able to manipulate 32-bit quantities. For example,
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#17327909219653844-461: Was published in August 2022. The interface defined by the EFI specification includes data tables that contain platform information, and boot and runtime services that are available to the OS loader and OS. UEFI firmware provides several technical advantages over a BIOS: With UEFI, it is possible to store product keys for operating systems such as Windows, on the UEFI firmware of the device. UEFI
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