132-592: Arcata ( / ɑːr ˈ k eɪ . t ə / ; Wiyot : Goudi’ni ; Yurok : Oket'oh ) is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County , California , United States . At the 2020 census , Arcata's population was 18,857. Arcata was first founded in 1850 as Union , was officially established in 1858, and was renamed Arcata in 1860. It is located 280 miles (450 km) north of San Francisco (via Highway 101 ), and
264-666: A Green Party majority in its city council. Arcata is also one of three cities in California and one of four cities in the United States ever to have held a Green Party majority in their city councils. In August 1989, the voters of Arcata passed the Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Act, prohibiting activities benefiting nuclear weapons contractors within city jurisdictional limits. Arcata residents are active in regional environmental protection, and played
396-535: A wildlife undergraduate degree. There are several credential programs and fourteen master's programs , of which natural resources and social work are the largest. The new Energy, Environment, and Society graduate program is unique to the CSU, and provides graduates with interdisciplinary training in engineering, economics, and climate policy. The University Library supports students and faculty from all three academic colleges. Humboldt State University Press (now called
528-442: A CVV or CVC structure. Word final syllables may or may not be heavy. These syllable-final consonants are lengthened in speech, but do not appear as doubled letters in transcription. For example, in the word palógih , meaning 'flounder', the 'l' is lengthened. Thus, the first syllable ends with 'l', and the second begins with 'l', and both syllables are considered heavy. Teeter describes the " weight " of Wiyot syllables as one of
660-503: A contributing role in the successful effort to preserve the Headwaters Forest from logging. The north coast region is often divided on environmental issues, with conflicts arising between residents and landowners who have made a living harvesting the area's natural resources, and residents aiming to preserve the region's natural habitats. Arcata is on the path to decriminalizing most psychedelic entheogenic substances. Arcata
792-441: A female householder with no husband present, 325 (4.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 764 (10.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 75 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 2,730 households (37.0%) were made up of individuals, and 524 (7.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10. There were 2,625 families (35.6% of all households);
924-485: A four-year term. Members are allowed to run for re-election, and there is no limit on how many terms a person may serve. The Council directs the course of local government through its power to adopt ordinances, levy taxes, award contracts, and appoint certain city officers, commissions and committees. Arcata has been notably progressive in its political makeup, and was the first city in the United States to elect
1056-464: A general weakening of articulatory force, which is followed by a noticeable interval of silence. Despite the intricacies of pitch involved in Wiyot, the total pitch range of the spoken language is only a fraction of that of English, for example. This fragment of Wiyot narration consists of two breath groups: the first contains five accent phrases, the second contains just one. The first accent phrase of
1188-464: A lesser extent Fortuna ) competed with one another to host the new campus. Arcata eventually won the university when William Preston, and the Union Water company, donated 55-acres. It opened on April 6, 1914, in the former Arcata Grammar School building with 78 students and 5 faculty. On May 26, 1915, the first commencement of the first graduating class occurred, a class of 15 women. The school
1320-730: A major part of the culture of Arcata. In February 2018, the Arcata City Council voted to remove the statue from the Plaza, a decision supported in November 2018 when a referendum to block the statue's removal was defeated. In February 2019, the Arcata City Council approved a measure to relocate the statue to the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum in Canton, Ohio , and on February 28,
1452-529: A majority of its city council members from the Green Party . As a result of the progressive majority, Arcata capped the number of chain restaurants allowed in the city. Arcata was also the first municipality to ban the growth of any type of Genetically Modified Organism within city limits, with exceptions for research and educational purposes. In the state legislature , Arcata is in the 2nd Senate District , represented by Democrat Mike McGuire , and
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#17327727351021584-399: A median income of $ 26,577 versus $ 24,358 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,531, however this figure may be artificially low due to the large student population. About 14.3% of families and 32.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.4% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over. The 2010 United States Census reported that Arcata had
1716-609: A phonological cluster, are combined due to morphological construction, the general tendency is for the second element to be eliminated. This is not true in the case of a laryngeal combining with a consonant cluster, in that order. In such a situation, the initial laryngeal element is eliminated. Wiyot is a highly synthetic , agglutinative language. Words or, more specifically, accent phrases, are formed by joining stems and affixes . Wiyot employs both prefixation and suffixation, meaning that affixes appear both before and after stems. Both verb and noun forms are constructed this way, though
1848-501: A population of 17,231. The population density was 1,567.4 inhabitants per square mile (605.2/km). The racial makeup of Arcata was: The Census reported that 15,486 people (89.9% of the population) lived in households, 1,745 (10.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 were institutionalized. There were 7,381 households, out of which 1,275 (17.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,651 (22.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 649 (8.8%) had
1980-455: A port, and reprovisioning center for the gold mines in the Klamath, Trinity, and Salmon mountains to the east, and was very briefly the county seat during this period. It was slightly closer to the mines than Eureka , which gave Union an early advantage. What was to become the first significant town on Humboldt Bay began as Union Company employees laid out the plaza and first city streets in
2112-422: A rare opportunity for students, faculty, and plant operations staff to work together collaboratively towards a goal of a lower-carbon and energy-independent future. Compost and recycling bins are more common on campus than trash cans and many events are encouraged to be zero waste , all coordinated through the student-run Waste Reduction and Resource Awareness Program (WRRAP). The Associated Students fund WRRAP,
2244-683: A revolutionary marsh-based wastewater treatment system. The marsh was built on a retired municipal solid waste dump and has received many awards, including the Innovations in Government award from the Ford Foundation and Harvard Kennedy School . The marsh is a popular destination for cyclists, bird watchers, transients, and joggers, and was recently expanded as a part of the McDaniel Slough restoration project. The City owns
2376-417: A second building, Nelson Hall. On April 30, a large law enforcement task force stormed both occupied buildings and arrested at least 35 people, bringing the occupation to an end. The university, founded as Humboldt State Normal College in 1913, took the name of the county and nearby bay , which was originally named after the famous German scientist Alexander von Humboldt . On May 23, 1972, fourteen of
2508-505: A single tree species. As of fall 2018 Cal Poly Humboldt had the largest enrollment percentage of Native Americans and the third largest enrollment percentage of multiracial individuals in the Cal State system. 2023-2024 USNWR Best Regional Colleges West Rankings The Humboldt Energy Independence Fund (HEIF) is unique to the CSU, and uses student fee money to fund renewable energy and energy efficiency projects on campus. HEIF provides
2640-411: A slash where both orthographies use the same grapheme. Teeter's orthography is used in this article for examples. Wiyot syllables always begin with consonants or consonant clusters, which are followed by a vowel. This vowel may be long or short. If the vowel is short, the syllable must end in the same consonant that begins the next syllable. Therefore, all non-final syllables are heavy, acquiring either
2772-571: A student-run, general-interest magazine, the Osprey , published once a semester, and El Leñador , Cal Poly Humboldt's first bilingual, student-run newspaper. Arcata is also home to CPH's student-run radio station, KRFH 105.1 FM, which is notable for being one of a select few freeform radio stations still on the air today. The town has a number of small 'zines and blogs that cover a variety of local issues, including youth culture and homelessness . U.S. Route 101 extends north and south and bisects
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#17327727351022904-416: A subordinative derivational suffix. Pronouns from this second set tend to replace the initial consonants of the themes they are affixed to. Thus, in the noun form khápt , meaning 'your teeth', the second person possessive prefix for inalienable nouns kh- replaces the initial consonant of wapt , 'teeth'. Within the second set, there is also an indefinite or absolutive prefix b . The third set
3036-404: A suffix added to a noun theme, expresses that the inflected noun belongs to another nominal concept- a person, perhaps. Nouns can also be subordinated to an indefinite nominal concept using the suffix -ik . The definite subordinative suffixes are -ahl , -ihl and ohl . An example of a definite subordinate inflection is the noun form waptáhl , meaning 'his teeth', which consists of
3168-559: A target for Japanese submarines . The council made its request in 1942, but Founder's Hall was not painted until the spring of 1944. The building remained camouflage green until 1948. During WWII, President Arthur Gist corresponded back and forth with the hundreds of students who left Humboldt State College to serve in the war. Available for viewing in the Arthur Gist Letters at HSU Special Collections, there are over 1,000 letters from 365 servicemen and women writing to Gist for
3300-464: A time or place in which a verbal phrase occurs. For example, dótok is a principal nominal form meaning 'large, longish object'; kíłi is a modifying nominal form meaning 'right now'. Pronominal phrases further elucidate verbal complexes, and can be employed as noun forms themselves. hinód , for example, can take the nominalizing affix -ał and be treated as a nominal phrase. These elements are combined relatively freely to form sentences;
3432-675: A total of 2,100 acres (8.5 km) of forest land, including the Arcata Community Forest, the Sunny Brae Forest, and the Jacoby Creek Forest. Arcata's community forest lands have been the subject of national media attention. The Arcata Community Forest was originally acquired by the City in order to protect the integrity of its municipal water supply. Upon acquisition in 1955, The Arcata Community Forest
3564-519: A wide variety of service industries (ranging from professional services to restaurant and hospitality). A large but unmeasurable cannabis economy employs many in Arcata and the surrounding area. The area's economy and population are both growing more slowly than the State of California overall. Median reported household income in Arcata was $ 22,315, and the median income for a family was $ 36,716. Males had
3696-580: Is Arcata High School , with a total population of 827 for the 2012–2013 school year. The high school is located at 1720 M Street in Arcata, and is part of the Northern Humboldt Union High School District. The school offers a number of programs, including an Advanced Placement program, special programs through the Arcata Arts Institute, and a variety of student clubs. The Eureka Times-Standard
3828-566: Is even more pronounced further inland in the Trinity River valley. Winter high temperatures average in the low 40s to mid-50s, with lows in the mid-30s to lower 40s. Temperatures infrequently dip below 30 °F (−1 °C) in the winter, and nearly as infrequently climb above 72 °F (22 °C) in the summer and fall. Arcata has higher record temperatures than county seat Eureka , although averages are very similar. Changing populations have happened in timber and mining towns in
3960-802: Is a public university in Arcata, California . It is one of three polytechnic universities in the California State University (CSU) system and the northernmost campus in the system. The main campus, situated hillside at the edge of a coast redwood forest, overlooks Arcata, much of Humboldt Bay , and the Pacific Ocean. The college town setting on the California North Coast , 8 miles (13 km) north of Eureka , 279 miles (449 km) north of San Francisco , and 654 miles (1053 km) north of Los Angeles
4092-518: Is a modifying nominal phrase, translated in this example as 'here'; kwháli means 'here' and yał is an adversative postposition translated as 'but'. koto walùy is the verbal phrase: ko is the negative preverb, from position class IV, and to is an articular preverb, while walùy is the verb 'see' inflected for the indefinite third person. California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt ( Cal Poly Humboldt or Humboldt )
Arcata, California - Misplaced Pages Continue
4224-462: Is a self-supporting outreach department of Cal Poly Humboldt that provides a variety of academic, professional development and personal enrichment opportunities. While the CEEE programs are open to almost everyone, there is an emphasis on providing access to those community members who are not matriculated students at the university. Non-matriculated students may take some regular university courses through
4356-419: Is a short but pronounced dry season from June to September. Northerly winds keep the spring very cool and create a coastal upwelling of deep, cold, ocean water. This upwelling in turn results in foggy conditions throughout the summer, with high temperatures commonly in the 50s and low 60s. Yet just a few miles inland the temperatures may be up to 25 °F (14 °C) degrees warmer in the summer and fall. This
4488-771: Is also the center of Humboldt County's largest farmers' market, and serves as a major venue for local Fourth of July festivities, the Arcata Main Street Oyster Festival, the start of the Kinetic Sculpture Race , and the North Country Fair. The North Country Fair Samba Parade has been a community favorite since 1986. The Plaza is also a popular rendezvous point for travelers who stop off in Arcata. The annual Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum workshop
4620-405: Is also the most common third person inflectional suffix in Wiyot, and both the nominalizing and inflectional suffixes appear in the same position. This gives rise to some degree of morphological ambiguity in many cases.) bacawáłiksił is a nominalized form meaning 'swan'; it is derived from the homonymous verb meaning 'he makes it dry'. bacigadarawił means 'robin', and is derived from
4752-494: Is held every summer on the CPH campus. The workshop hosts the largest assemblage of Afro-Cuban folkloric music and dance masters in the United States. The statue of William McKinley has been a point of controversy since the 1970s. Opponents of the statue condemned McKinley's supposed support of settler colonialism and policies that led to the slaughter of Native Americans. Supporters of the statue emphasized its historical significance as
4884-659: Is home to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt . Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management , which is responsible for the administration of natural resources, lands and mineral programs, including the Headwaters Forest , on approximately 200,000 acres (810 km) of public land in Northwestern California. The Wiyot people and Yurok people inhabited this area prior to
5016-402: Is limited largely to kinship terms and the word for 'nose'. In the third set, the second person possessive is articulated by aspirating the initial phoneme of the noun theme. Thus, čul , meaning 'maternal aunt', becomes čhul [čʰul] , 'your maternal aunt'. There is no marking of a first person possessive in this category, and, as in the second set, a third person possessive is indicated by
5148-612: Is notable for its natural beauty. It is the most westerly four-year university in the contiguous United States. Humboldt is a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). The university is divided into three colleges: the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences; the College of Natural Resources and Sciences; and the College of Professional Studies. It offers 58 bachelor's degree programs, 14 master's degree programs, 76 minors , and 4 credential programs. Cal Poly Humboldt does not offer doctoral degrees . Humboldt State Normal School
5280-490: Is often dropped in spoken Wiyot. khuhlóš , meaning 'your strawberries', includes the second person pronoun from this first set, khuh- . The second set applies only to inalienable nouns, or nouns that must be possessed, such as body parts. Curiously, the words for 'wood' and 'enemy' belong in this category of Wiyot nouns, as well. The set only distinguishes two persons: first- d- ; second- kh- . Third person possession of inalienable nouns tends to be conveyed using
5412-473: Is one of only two universities in California to offer a major in botany ; the other is California State Polytechnic University, Pomona . Its botany program is the nation's largest undergraduate program. Cal Poly Humboldt is the only university in California to offer a degree in rangeland resources and wildland soil science. The Native American Studies major and the Oceanography major are also unique to
Arcata, California - Misplaced Pages Continue
5544-569: Is performed using a device of some kind. Instrumental and benefactive affixes directly encode for the subject of the verb and thus do not appear with inflectional affixes for subject. Therefore, the most inflectional affixes a verb can possibly take is three. Inflectional affixes can be either terminal or nonterminal in nature. Terminal affixes, when added to verb or noun themes, can complete words, while nonterminal affixes require additional affixation. The noun form rakhóhwalił , meaning 'he/she laughs at me', contains two inflectional affixes that modify
5676-546: Is still in operation. It is also home to the Arcata Theatre . Arcata is home to the Humboldt Crabs , the nation's longest continuously operated semi-pro baseball team, which has played every season since 1945 except for the 2020 season, which was cancelled due to COVID-19 quarantine measures. The Arcata Marsh , a constructed network of freshwater and saltwater ponds initially completed in 1979, demonstrates
5808-557: Is the only major regional daily publication covering Arcata. The Arcata Eye was a former weekly newspaper covering Arcata and Blue Lake until it merged with the McKinleyville Press newspaper in 2013 to become the Mad River Union . The Northcoast Environmental Center , located in Arcata, has published Econews as a monthly journal since 1971. CPH produces a weekly student-run paper titled The Lumberjack ,
5940-419: Is the site of California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt , the northernmost campus of the 23-campus California State University system. With a student body equaling nearly half the city's total population, Arcata is a classic example of a traditional "college town." The city center is 0.8 mi (1.3 km) from the university center and takes about 16 minutes to walk. The primary public high school
6072-512: Is the university's only student-run weekly newspaper . The university also has a monthly student-run newspaper, El Leñador , which is bilingual and produced by students with minority backgrounds. El Leñador received first place in competing against other monthly and bi-weekly papers from four- and two-year colleges and universities across California. Osprey is the university's student-run magazine, published twice annually. It has won first-place awards in major regional competitions, including
6204-402: Is used with the inalienable nouns and kinship terms mentioned above. 'On your teeth' is expressed hola wáptihyam ( -la appears after all prefixes that are followed by b or w ). There is a single vocative prefix, ho- , that occurs with kinship terms. It appears affixed to ko , meaning 'mother', in the form hóko . Wiyot personal pronouns are generally used to emphasize
6336-621: The 2nd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Jim Wood . Federally, Arcata is in California's 2nd congressional district , represented by Democrat Jared Huffman . Arcata voters are among the most Democratic in Humboldt County. In the 2008 United States presidential election , Republican candidate John McCain received less than 10% of the popular vote in many Arcata precincts, while in those same precincts Democratic candidate Barack Obama received 85% or more of
6468-604: The Arcata Marsh , a preserve located on the city's bay shore. Arcata has a cool-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb ), which is dominated by marine influences associated with Humboldt Bay and the Pacific Ocean . These influences make the climate in the city much cooler than that of a typical Mediterranean climate and more on par with that of an oceanic climate . On average, Arcata experiences 40 to 50 inches (1,000 to 1,300 mm) of rain per year, though there
6600-543: The Klamath River in the north. Today, Arcata is the headquarters of the Big Lagoon Rancheria tribe, who maintain a 20-acre (81,000 m) reservation close by. Local Indian tribes operate several casinos in the area. In a coordinated 1860 massacre , significant numbers of Wiyot people were killed by white settlers at several locations in and around Humboldt Bay, including the center of their society,
6732-1082: The NCAA on the Division II level and is a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association . Cal Poly Humboldt currently sponsors 12 intercollegiate sports programs — men's and women's soccer , basketball , cross country , track and field , women's volleyball , softball , rowing , and, formerly, football (in which it competed in the Great Northwest Athletic Conference ). In addition to NCAA sanctioned athletics, Cal Poly Humboldt also supports club sports including, archery , baseball , cheer , climbing , cycling , disc golf , fencing , logging sports , men's and women's lacrosse , men's and women's rugby , men's and women's ultimate Frisbee , men's crew , and men's volleyball . Cal Poly Humboldt's softball team has qualified for
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#17327727351026864-713: The Osher Lifelong Learning Institute for those aged 50 and over, foreign language classes, travel-study programs, continuing education for teachers, MFT/LCSW, nurses, and law enforcement. In 1998 Humboldt State University opened the HSU First Street Gallery in Old Town Eureka, expanding community access to the university's cultural and fine arts programs. In 2007, the university further expanded its presence in Eureka with
6996-737: The Redwood Coast region are part of the most populous state in the US, the Redwood Coast region is also one of the most remote locations along the continental US west coast . The city also offers several cycling trails. Wiyot language Wiyot (also Wishosk ) or Soulatluk (lit. 'your jaw') is an Algic language spoken by the Wiyot people of Humboldt Bay , California . The language's last native speaker, Della Prince, died in 1962. Wiyot, along with its geographical neighbor,
7128-595: The Yurok language , were first identified as relatives of the Algonquian languages by Edward Sapir in 1913, though this classification was disputed for decades in what came to be known as the Ritwan controversy . Due to the enormous geographical separation of Wiyot and Yurok from all other Algonquian languages, the validity of their genetic link was hotly contested by leading Americanist linguists; as Ives Goddard put it,
7260-644: The 1960s and early 1970s, peaking in a protest against the Vietnam War with about 800 students (out of 3,600) participating in demonstrations on October 15, 1969. This was followed by another protest with nearly 3,000 students who planned a strike after the Cambodian Incursion . With similar events across the state, Governor Ronald Reagan shut down the CSC system in May 1970 for five days. The 1970s also saw
7392-422: The 2009 receipt of a donated 185-acre (0.75 km) conservation easement adjacent to the Arcata Community Forest's northern boundary in the upper Janes Creek watershed. The city of Arcata has a Council-Manager form of government, with a City Council of five members, which is the legislative policy-making branch of city government. Each Council member is elected at large (i.e., by all voting Arcata residents) for
7524-478: The American West as a result of boom and bust economic cycles. Some towns decrease in population following a bust, while some, like Arcata, experience a change in demographics. In the case of Arcata, the peak and the bust were close due to Arcata's relatively late entry into the timber industry, and its domination by mechanization. The population of the city of Arcata was 3,729 during its peak 1950, when lumber
7656-506: The Arcata area, such as graduations at Arcata High School as early as 1910, as well as images of social gatherings at the Arcata plaza before the statue of William McKinley was erected in the center from 1906 until its relocation in 2019. In August 1989, the voters of Arcata passed the Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Act, prohibiting work on nuclear weapons, and the storage or transportation of nuclear weapons within
7788-665: The CEEE Open University program. High school students may take regular university courses through the CEEE High School Concurrent Enrollment Program. Also, those aged 60 and over may take regular classes through the Over 60 Program. There are also a variety of online degree programs offered through the college. The CEEE also offers a wide range of diverse and eclectic programs. Examples include music and art programs for children,
7920-654: The California State University system. The university offers unique minors including multicultural queer studies, scientific diving, and appropriate technology . The university's location on the North Coast provides access to the Pacific Ocean, lagoons, marshes, estuaries, and the Fred Telonicher Marine Laboratory, which provides opportunities for "hands-on" experiences and research for the sciences. The Marine Lab
8052-570: The Campus Center for Appropriate Technology, and the Sustainable Living Arts and Music Festival (SLAM fest). Cal Poly Humboldt built the first building in the CSU system to be LEED-gold certified for its eco-friendly features. The Behavioral and Social Sciences Building has facilities for rainwater collection and sustainably harvested wood native-plant landscaping, among others. The university's location affords students
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#17327727351028184-716: The NCAA post-season 18 times between 1990 and 2008, capturing the NCAA Division II Softball Championship in 1999 and in 2008. As of 2022, 2,069 beds were available on campus. As Cal Poly Humboldt enrolls nearly 6,000 students and as there is an acute housing shortage in Arcata, homelessness is prevalent among the student population. The university has sought to restrict and penalize students who are forced to live in cars, RVs or vans on campus. A 2018 study concluded that almost 20% of Cal Poly Humboldt students had experienced recent homelessness, double
8316-555: The Press at Cal Poly Humboldt ) was launched in 1991 to showcase research and scholarship across the campus. The Forestry department building's walls are completely paneled with different species of wood. The building was rebuilt in October 1980 after the original building was burned down. The original building stood for 17 years before an arsonist, whose identity is still unknown today, set the building on fire in 1979. Cal Poly Humboldt
8448-541: The San Jose campus back to San Jose State. A few years later, some other CSU campuses, alongside the Humboldt campus, also secured passage of similar legislation, and California State University, Humboldt was renamed Humboldt State University from 1974 until 2022. On January 26, 2022, the university was officially renamed from Humboldt State University to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt , becoming
8580-569: The Society of Professional Journalists' "Mark of Excellence" Awards and the California Intercollegiate Press Association awards. Cal Poly Humboldt is also the only university in the CSU system to have a university press. The Press at Cal Poly Humboldt publishes high-quality scholarly, intellectual, and creative works by or in support of the campus community. The Lumberjacks program is affiliated with
8712-544: The Spring of 1850. By later in the 1850s redwood timber replaced the depleted gold fields as the economic driver for the region and Eureka became the principal city on the bay due to its possession of the better harbor, gaining it the county seat by the end of the decade. The Union town post office opened in 1852, and the town changed its name to Arcata in 1860. In 1886, concern over the growing number of unassimilated immigrants led Arcata to expel its Chinese population and enact
8844-641: The US-101, its speed limit is 55 mph (89 km/h) though, unlike the speed on Highway 101 – which from the Bayside cutoff to Gallagher lane north 101 and x street south 101 is 50 mph (80 km/h) due to a safety corridor. The highways connecting Arcata to areas outside Humboldt County include long segments of winding two-lane road traversing remote mountains and river canyons, portions of which may close after extensive rain and wind storms, requiring possibly long detours. While Arcata, Eureka , Fortuna and
8976-579: The University of California Press. The consonants of Wiyot, as recorded by Teeter, are given in this chart. A cell containing a phoneme will contain, from left to right, Teeter's Practical Orthography, the Wiyot Tribe 's orthography, and their IPA equivalents in brackets. Teeter's orthography and the Wiyot Tribe's orthography are separated by a slash, and only one grapheme is listed without
9108-401: The actual entities being signified are rarely named. Noun and pronoun phrases serve to provide this information. The transitivity of the verb complex determines the classes of noun forms that may occur in the sentence; nominal phrases serve to specify subject and object information, so intransitive verbs , which lack inflection for object, would not appear in combination with a nominal phrase for
9240-418: The arrival of Europeans and continue to live in the area. "Kori" is the name for the Wiyot settlement that existed on the site of what would become Arcata. The name "Arcata" comes from the Yurok term oket'oh , meaning "where there is a lagoon" (referring to Humboldt Bay), from o- , "place", plus ket'oh , "to be a lagoon". The same name was also used by the Yuroks for Big Lagoon . The natives of this region are
9372-671: The average family size was 2.73. The population dispersal was with 2,164 people (12.6%) under the age of 18, 5,891 people (34.2%) aged 18 to 24, 4,619 people (26.8%) aged 25 to 44, 3,149 people (18.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,408 people (8.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males. There were 7,722 housing units at an average density of 702.4 units per square mile (271.2 units/km), of which 7,381 were occupied, of which 2,519 (34.1%) were owner-occupied, and 4,862 (65.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate
9504-461: The beginning of the accent phrase until the culminative syllable in the accent phrase is reached, after which pitch precipitously drops, except when it is the final syllable of the accent phrase. In such a situation, the accent phrase would end on a high pitch. The vowel of the culminative syllable bears either an acute or grave accent, the latter indicating a high pitch, and the former a high pitch which rapidly falls. The grave accent appears only when
9636-445: The campus every July. The workshop is the largest assemblage of Afro-Cuban folkloric masters in the United States, drawing students from across the country and around the world. In 1972, the college was renamed California State University, Humboldt. However, it still continued to be popularly called "Humboldt State." Reflecting this, its name was simplified to Humboldt State University in 1974. Enrollment first reached 7,500 in 1974, and
9768-554: The citizens of Arcata were of a median age of 26.4 and a median annual income of $ 35,506. The heart of Arcata is the Plaza. In the 1850s the Plaza was where goods destined for the Trinity County mines were loaded onto mule trains. The Plaza has a green lawn, extensive flower plantings, and at its center there used to be a statue of president William McKinley by Haig Patigian . The Plaza is surrounded by bookstores, bars, coffee shops, restaurants, and live music venues. The Plaza
9900-482: The city has a total area of 11.0 square miles (28.5 km), of which 9.1 square miles (23.6 km) is land and 1.9 square miles (4.9 km), comprising 17.25%, is water. Arcata contains major public and shopping areas within the city. They include: the Downtown/Plaza Area, Northtown, and Valley West (each of these are also large neighborhoods). There are additional named neighborhoods encompassed by
10032-495: The city limits. The ordinance also minimized the city's contracts for and purchases of the products and services of nuclear weapons contractors. On March 17, 2010, the Arcata city council voted for final passage of an unlawful-panhandling ordinance (Ordinance No. 1399). Among other restrictions, it forbids panhandling within 20 feet (6 m) of any business. According to the United States Census Bureau ,
10164-646: The city. The downtown has several overcrossings; Arcata is considered a fairly walkable community. State Route 299 connects to U.S. Route 101 at the northern end of Arcata. SR 299 begins at this point and extends easterly towards Weaverville , Redding , Alturas , and Nevada . SR 255 connects to U.S. Route 101 at the southern end of Arcata on Samoa Blvd. and to the west of US-101 passes through Manila. Bridge access (left at first controlled intersection) leads to Eureka through Woodley island and Tuluwat island (using three bridges) ending on 4th (south 101) and 5th (north 101) streets in Eureka, CA. Used as an alternate route to
10296-646: The city: They include: Aldergrove, Alliance (which was once a separate community located North of Arcata), Arcata Bottoms, portions of Bayside (despite it having its own Post Office and postal code), Bayview, California Heights, the Creamery District, Fickle Hill (lower portions), Greenview, the Marsh District (aka South G Street), Redwood Park (which includes the City-owned Redwood forest), Sunny Brae, Sunset, and Westwood. Arcata also has
10428-504: The college joined the newly formed California State College system. The junior college program, terminated at HSU in 1962, was re-established in 1964 at College of the Redwoods (CR) located at the southern edge of Eureka. CR is located only seventeen miles south of HSU, and the two institutions maintain a close working relationship, with many students transferring to HSU following graduation from CR. Student activism on campus rose through
10560-590: The culminative syllable comes at the end of the accent phrase, indicating that pitch and length increase through the phrase until the final vowel, which starts on a high pitch that rapidly falls. This articulation is indicated with a grave accent over the 'i'. These accents only appears when the culminative syllable is the last syllable of a breath group, as in this example. Teeter recorded many morphonemic processes that Wiyot words and phrases undergo. A few are listed below. Aspirated stops, such as [pʰ] and [kʰ] , undergo deaspiration when in word-final position. Thus, in
10692-413: The culminative syllable is the final syllable of a breath group, which are groups of accent phrases. The ends of breath groups are marked by periods, and are notably lower in relative pitch. Accent phrases towards the end of a breath group follow the same pattern of gradual lengthening and pitch increase, though the relative pitch is lower with respect to the preceding accent phrases. Breath groups end with
10824-659: The derivational affix -ohw and become rakhohw- , or 'laugh at'. Thus, -ohw serves to create an impersonal transitive verb theme with rakh- as the stem. There are many derivational affixes, most of which correspond to a complicated set of rules: stems can belong to one of eleven categories that determines which set of derivational affixes it may take. Therefore, to form an impersonal transitive verb theme like rakhohw , for example, there are 10 other possible affixes that occur with stems from other categories. Furthermore, certain derivational affixes occur only when affixed to specific stems. Inflectional affixes encode
10956-466: The duration of the war. Graduate programs were first offered in 1947. Under President Cornelius H. Siemens in 1952, HSU continued expanding by accepting students from abroad, including some from Yugoslavia , Germany, the Near East as well as US territories such as American Samoa , Guam and Hawaii . KHSC, later KHSU , the first state college radio station in California, was established. In 1960,
11088-473: The example hi walúy, hinód , meaning 'we saw'. Here, walúy is inflected for an indefinite third person, though hinód unambiguously expresses 'we'. Verbs are the core of Wiyot grammar, and verbal phrases are the most important part of Wiyot sentences. Verb complexes- inflected verb themes combined with syntactic affixes- form sentences along with nominal phrases. Verb phrases themselves frequently encode subject, object and instrumental information, but
11220-520: The farthest-southwest people whose language has Algic roots, a language family shared with the Algonquian . The traditional homeland of the Wiyot ranged from the Little River in the north and continues south through Humboldt Bay (including the present cities of Eureka and Arcata ) and then south to the lower Eel River basin. The traditional homeland of the Yurok ranges from Mad River to beyond
11352-489: The first breath group, kowa baktéthohlabił , carries the stress on the fourth syllable. The vowel of this 'culminative syllable', an 'e', carries an acute accent and is pronounced at a higher pitch than any other in the phrase. It is also lengthened relative to the other vowels in the phrase. After this culminative syllable, pitch and length decrease rapidly through the end of the accent phrase. The second breath group contains just one accent phrase, łekoku lulawìl . Here,
11484-414: The first or only stems in a given word. Most stems belong to this class. thig- , for example, is the initial stem in the above-mentioned compound thigatol- . All initial stems start with a consonant. Medial stems may not appear as the initial or sole stem in a word, and therefore must be combined with an initial. Medials, such as -atol , always begin with a vowel. Medial stems may also occur as
11616-612: The following resolution: "We, the citizens of Arcata and vicinity, wish the total expulsion of the Chinese from our midst. We endorse the efforts of Eureka to exclude all Chinese settlements in the city and environs." History and images of early settler families in Arcata are cataloged in the Susie Baker Fountain Papers and True Hoyle Collection at California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt . These collections also include images of important social events in
11748-412: The homonymous verb meaning 'he is dry on the eyes'. A less ambiguous, more obviously derived example employs the nominalizing suffix ihla : táthotawihla , meaning 'football', is the nominalized form of the verb meaning 'it goes with a kicking motion'. Nouns are inflected for four categories: the subordinative, possessive , locative and vocative . Subordinative inflection, indicated by
11880-526: The island known to them as Duluwat Island . A local newspaper editor, who would later be known as Bret Harte , was forced to leave the Humboldt Bay area after he editorialized his disgust with the incident. The Spaniards claimed the area but never settled it; the first permanent settlements occurred after California was admitted to the Union. Arcata was first settled as Union in 1850. Union was created as
12012-469: The issue "has profound implications for the prehistory of North America". However, by the 1950s, the genetic relationship between the Algonquian languages and Wiyot and Yurok had been established to the satisfaction of most, if not all, researchers, giving rise to the term Algic to refer to the Algonquian languages together with Wiyot and Yurok. The Wiyot Tribal Government is fostering a revival of
12144-456: The language through videos, online dictionaries, and an annual Wiyot language calendar. Karl V. Teeter published the first modern descriptive grammar of Wiyot in 1964. His data, supplied by Della Prince soon before her death, was crucial to the establishment of the genetic relationship between Algonquin and Wiyot, and effectively ended the scholarly conflict surrounding the issue. All of the linguistic data below comes from his work, published by
12276-460: The language's most salient features for speakers of English. He adds that voiced sounds tend to be exceptionally long in spoken Wiyot, a feature that adds to the perceived phonological heaviness of the language. In speech, Wiyot words are grouped into pitch accent phrases, which are separated by commas when written. Within these phrases, regular patterns of syllable stress and vowel length emerge. Stress, pitch and vowel length increase gradually from
12408-413: The limited corpus of Wiyot text indicates a wide variety of syntactic organizations. Most Wiyot sentences are in the indicative mood , as are all of the examples given below. kwháli yał, koto walùy. Literally translated, the sentences means 'but they don't see it here', though the verb form is here employed idiomatically to mean 'grow', giving a translation of 'but it doesn't grow here'. kwháli yał
12540-540: The lower numbers appearing earlier in the verb form. Some examples of preverbs include: The position numbers fix the relative positions of these preverbs when they appear in combination. Thus, to create a perfect cessative construction using the inflected verb theme tikwátolił , ła would have to precede bu to form łabu tikwátolił , 'He had just come down'. Preverbs, in addition to aspect, often convey tense and mood . Wiyot nouns are often derived from verbs, and typically serve to fill out and expound upon
12672-422: The nineteen CSU campuses were renamed to "California State University," followed by a comma and then their geographic designation. The five campuses exempted from renaming were the five newest state colleges created during the 1960s. The new names were very unpopular at certain campuses. Over the objections of CSU Chancellor Glenn S. Dumke , state Assemblyman Alfred E. Alquist proposed a bill that would rename
12804-631: The object. Preverb sequences, which consist of up to four syntactic prefixes, are the first step in expanding the derived and inflected verbal form. A great deal of morphological information can be conveyed in this prefixed element: aspect, mode and tense are all commonly expressed using preverbs, as is quantitative information and polarity . Nominal forms round out and complete Wiyot sentences, frequently serving as adjuncts to verbal phrases. Nouns are categorized as either principal or modifying phrases. Principal phrases include nominalized forms and possessive phrases, while modifying phrases typically refer to
12936-629: The opening of the HSU Humboldt Bay Aquatic Center, a $ 4.5 million aquatic facility on the bay in Old Town Eureka . Future plans include a new HSU Bay and Estuarine Studies Center. This new facility will be closer to the Coral Sea (in 2012 docked at Woodley Island, Eureka), the only vessel in a U.S. educational institution solely dedicated to undergraduate research. The new facility would be considerably larger than
13068-656: The other existing facility, the Fred Telonicher Marine Laboratory in Trinidad, 20 miles (32 km) north. Cal Poly Humboldt Professor Steve Sillett has conducted groundbreaking research on redwood forest canopies and was featured in a 2009 cover story in National Geographic . He holds the Kenneth L. Fisher Chair in Redwood Forest Ecology, the only endowed chair in the world dedicated to
13200-418: The particulars of each system are different. Stems are non-affixal morphemes , and can appear individually or as compounds. For example, thig- , meaning 'out', can appear as the only stem of a given word, or be joined to another stem, such as -atol , 'go'. Their compound, thigatol- , 'go out', is also a stem. Stems are either initial or medial. Initial stems may appear, as their name implies, as
13332-499: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The composition of Arcata's households reflects the large number of unrelated college-age students living together. Of the 7,051 households in Arcata, only 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, only 25.9% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, while 60.1% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who
13464-424: The population. Those age 40–54 made up 16% of Arcata's population. Those age 55–64 made up 6.7% of Arcata's population. Those age 65 and over made up 6.9% of Arcata's population . Overall, census data reflects a lowering in the age of the Arcata population, due to an influx of young workers, due to there not being enough time after the bust for older workers to leave, in the decade between 1950 and 1960, during which
13596-423: The population. Those of retirement age (age 65 and older) made up 9.1% of the population. For Arcata specifically, those age 65 and older were 8.3% of the population in 1950, and the median age was 29.4 years. After the bust in 1955, the population of Arcata in 1960 was 5,235. In Arcata the population under the age of 15 was 28.1%. Those age 15–24 made up 22.8% of Arcata's population. Those age 25–39 made up 19.4% of
13728-433: The potential for outside activities in local parks and public lands, which include miles of accessible, undeveloped coastline. Rivers, streams, mountains, coastal redwood forests, and extraordinary terrain surround the university. There are over 200 clubs on campus; these include a variety of options that range from social interests, academic, Greek life and sports. The university has multiple publications. The Lumberjack
13860-611: The rate of the CSU system as a whole. University housing consists of six living areas: The Hill, Cypress, and Canyon for first-year students, and the College Creek Apartments, Campus Apartments, Creekview, and Cypress for other students. To address a housing shortage, Cal Poly Humboldt contracted with four local hotels—the Motel 6 , Super 8 , Ramada Inn , and Comfort Inn —to provide approximately 350 beds of "bridge housing" to students. By 2023, however,
13992-527: The rise of feminist , cultural, and LGBT groups, and though the Women's Center was the only one to survive through the 1980s, most groups reappeared by the mid-1990s. Alumnus David Philips established the Humboldt Film Festival in 1967. It is now one of the oldest student-run festivals in the world. In 1996 the annual Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum workshop began being held on
14124-600: The second member of a compound with a special initial l- . This compound has essentially the same meaning as the medial itself. For example, the medial -athohl , meaning 'throw' or 'jump', can appear with an initial 'l-' as lathohl- , meaning 'throw'. Wiyot affixes are classified as either derivational , inflectional or syntactic . Derivational affixes are attached to stems and serve to classify them. Together, stems and derivational affixes form 'themes', which can be further modified by inflectional and syntactic affixes. The stem rakh- , meaning 'laugh', may take
14256-612: The social and environmental impacts of their employment as they enter the workforce or continue their education. Today over one hundred Universities and colleges worldwide use the Pledge to some extent. On April 22, 2024, dozens of pro-Palestinian protesters occupied Siemens Hall as part of a wider movement of occupation protests against the Israel–Hamas war . Protesters renamed the building to "Intifada Hall" and managed to repel an initial police incursion. At some point protesters occupied
14388-404: The statue was removed from the Plaza in preparation for its relocation. Arcata also features a large number of original Victorian structures, many of which have been restored. The Wiyot people, the original inhabitants of the area, call the Plaza "Goad-la-nah" for the "land a little above the water". Arcata's Minor Theater is one of the oldest movies-only theaters in the United States which
14520-414: The subject and object of the theme. Wiyot makes a sharp distinction between definite and indefinite subjects, and each of these classes has its own set of inflectional affixes. Certain classes of Wiyot verbs can also take benefactive and instrumental affixes. The benefactive characterizes the verb as being done to a third person object for the benefit of a second object. Instrumental affixes convey that action
14652-428: The subjects or objects indicated in verb forms. The personal pronouns distinguish three persons, each with a singular and plural variant. Thus, this set of pronouns is frequently used to clarify number in verb forms, as Wiyot verbs themselves do not. The first person plural pronoun hinód , for example, is often employed alongside verb complexes that are inflected for the indefinite third person or impersonal, such as in
14784-405: The subordinate noun theme wapt- and the inflectional suffix -ahl . Possessive inflection is conveyed using prefixes. There are three different sets of possessive prefixes, though the majority of Wiyot nouns are inflected using only one of these. This most productive set distinguishes three persons : first- duh ; second- khuh ; third- huh . The final h seen in these stems
14916-519: The third polytechnic university in the state. The change is backed by a $ 458 million investment from the state of California. The university is divided into three colleges: the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences; the College of Natural Resources and Sciences; and the College of Professional Studies. There are 48 undergraduate majors and 69 minors. The two largest majors are biology and art , both with over 20 faculty members and extensive facilities on- and off-campus. This CSU campus offers
15048-583: The timber industry peaked and busted. As of the census of 2000, there were 16,651 people, 7,051 households, and 2,813 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,812.1 inhabitants per square mile (699.7/km). There were 7,272 housing units at an average density of 791.4 units per square mile (305.6 units/km). The racial makeup of the city in 2010 is 76.3% non-Hispanic White , 1.9% non-Hispanic Black or African American , 1.9% Native American , 2.5% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 0.6% from other races , and 5.0% from two or more races. 11.6% of
15180-747: The university eliminated three of the four options, leaving only the Comfort Inn as the only motel option. A new off-campus housing complex, Craftsman Mall, will house a thousand residents and is projected to open in fall 2025; new on-campus housing for an additional 600 to 700 students is projected to open in summer 2027. The Klamath River is the focus of the Klamath Connection, which is designed to help freshmen learn important skills for future science careers. The Y.E.S. House (Youth Educational Services) programs are created by students and led by student volunteer programs. The Y.E.S. House serves
15312-447: The university remains one of the smallest in the CSU system. Through the 1980s, mature students became a large part of Humboldt State's student body, and in 1986 40% of the students were over the age of 25. The number has since decreased to 30%. In 1987 students and activists founded the optional Graduation Pledge of Social and Environmental Responsibility . The purpose of the Pledge is to encourage graduating students to be mindful of
15444-408: The use of a subordinative derivational suffix. Locative inflection is indicated by one of two affixes: the suffix -okw and the prefix ho- . Both have general meanings which can be translated as 'at, on, near, above, over, under, behind, etc.'. -okw is employed with the great majority of Wiyot nouns, as in kwásokw , meaning 'on the hill', and bíhwadawawokw , 'in the smoke'. ho-
15576-428: The various relationships and categories already expressed in verb forms. Like verbs, nouns consist of stems and affixes. Nominalization is the most important process in Wiyot for deriving nouns. Typically, nouns are created from verbs by adding one of twelve nominalizing affixes to the verb complex. The most common nominalizing suffix is ił , and there are many examples of nominalized forms that employ it. ( ił
15708-408: The verb form rakhohw- shown above: -al is the nonterminal suffix that encodes a first person object, and -ił is the terminal suffix for a third person subject. Syntactic affixes, many of which are prefixes, also known as preverbs, are affixed to verb themes and often convey aspectual information. For example, in the phrase łekowa khúhnad , meaning 'finally it starts to get dark',
15840-460: The verb theme khuhn- , 'to get dark', is modified by two syntactic suffixes, łe- and kowa- . łe- means 'finally', and kowa- marks the inchoative aspect , translated here as 'it starts'. khuhn- is also inflected for the third person subject by the inflectional terminal suffix -ad . Verbs form can take up to four preverbs, which appear in a fixed order according to their syntactic class. There are nine classes in total, with
15972-404: The vote. Arcata is a hub of liberal thought typical of a college town, a place where environmentalism and social activism are broadly embraced. Humboldt County fits the statewide trend of increasingly liberal coastal counties and conservative interior counties, but some conservative voters remain. College students have, at times, been mayor or city council members. Arcata was the first city to have
16104-507: The word hutóphahl , tóph , meaning 'spruce root' is aspirated, [tɑpʰ] ; when the same morpheme appears in isolation, though, it is articulated without the final aspiration, [tɑp] . When any element ending in /o/ is followed by another element beginning in /b/ or /w/ , /la/ is inserted. In the example kado-la-wal-áh , 'I don't see it', la follows the negating element kado , and itself conveys no meaning. When any two vowels, or any three consonants that cannot occur as
16236-426: Was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.2%. 5,496 people (31.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 9,990 people (58.0%) lived in rental housing units. The 2018 population of Arcata, California is 18,989 based on projected census data. The US Census estimates the current population of Arcata to be 18,989, of which 5,698 are students at California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt . In 2019,
16368-473: Was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males. As of 2002, there were 8,210 employed persons living in Arcata and an unemployment rate of 7.2%. For many years the timber industry dominated Arcata's economy. Today, the majority of Arcata jobs come from government (including schools and Cal Poly Humboldt), the city's many owner-resident small businesses, some lumber and food manufacturing, and
16500-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.81. Arcata's age cohorts are also distorted by a large percentage of college-age students. Only 15.3% of Arcata residents are under the age of 18, while nearly a third (32.3%) fall between ages 18 and 24, and 27.8% are 25 to 44 years old. Among older age cohorts, 15.9% are 45 to 64 years old, and 8.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age
16632-399: Was dedicated as the first city-owned community forest in the State of California. Since then it has served many functions including recreation, education, sustainable timber harvesting, and wildlife habitat. The forest serves as the headwaters of many of Arcata's urban streams . In 1979, the citizens of Arcata passed the "Forest Management and Parkland Initiative." The intent of the legislation
16764-434: Was established as a teacher's college on June 16, 1913, by California governor Hiram Johnson . It was one of about 180 " normal schools " founded by state governments to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. Some closed but most steadily expanded their role and became state colleges in the early 20th century and state universities in the late 20th century. The cities of Arcata and Eureka (and to
16896-513: Was exported throughout the country and abroad. For the County of Humboldt, the age distribution for urban residents, which would include Arcata, had 23.7% of the population under the age of 15. Those that would be considered young workers (age 15–24) made up 14% of the population. "Normal" aged workers (age 25–39) made up 23.9% of the population. Older working age (age 40–54) made up 19.4% of the population. Pre-retirement aged (age 55–64) made up 9.7% of
17028-546: Was opened in 1966, the lab is open during the academic school year (mid August-mid May). Cal Poly Humboldt's fire science program teaches modern techniques for managing wildfire, and an advanced training program is offered for Forest Service employees and similar professionals. The International English Language Institute has worked alongside HSU for 22 years to help international students gain academic English language skills to further their academic pursuits and business careers. The college of eLearning & Extended Ed (CEEE)
17160-638: Was put under the jurisdiction of the California Department of Education , renamed Humboldt State Teacher's College and Junior College, and moved to its current location in 1921. In 1924, during the presidency of Ralph Waldo Swetman , the Associated Students and the Alumni Association were organized and The Foghorn , the first student newspaper, was published. Bachelor's degrees began being offered in 1927. The school
17292-461: Was renamed Humboldt State College in 1935 and the next year the Lumberjack was adopted as its mascot. In 1937, the students opened a cooperative bookstore and soda fountain, which would exist for the next 40 years as the center of student life. During World War II , Arcata 's city defense council suggested camouflaging Founder's Hall, which is visible from the Pacific Ocean, so it would not be
17424-537: Was to develop a responsible and ecologically sensitive long-term forest management program, which would provide timber-harvest revenues for the acquisition and development of City parkland. In 1998 the Arcata Community Forest was the first municipal forest certified in the U.S. under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Since that time additional acreage has been protected, such as the 175-acre (0.71 km) Sunny Brae Forest acquisition in 2006, and
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