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40-509: The league dates from 1881, when Cass Gilbert organized meetings at the Salmagundi Club for young architects. In early years, members took turns assigning sketch problems with solutions then critiqued by established architects. In 1886 it was restarted by architect Russell Sturgis with exhibitions, lectures, dinners, tours, and juried annual exhibitions. In 1934, the league allowed women to become members; Nancy Vincent McClelland

80-648: A Minnesota architect he was best known for his design of the Minnesota State Capitol and the downtown St. Paul Endicott Building . His goal was to move to New York City and gain a national reputation, but he remained in Minnesota from 1882 until 1898. Many of his Minnesota buildings are still standing, including more than a dozen private residences (especially those on St. Paul's Summit Avenue ), several churches featuring rich textures and colors, resort summer homes, and warehouses. The completion of

120-706: A full academician in 1908. Gilbert served as president of the academy from 1926 to 1933. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1934. He was a trustee of the Carnegie Institution from 1924 until he died in 1934. Gilbert was a skyscraper pioneer; when designing the Woolworth Building he moved into unproven ground — though he certainly was aware of the ground-breaking work done by Chicago architects on skyscrapers and once discussed merging firms with

160-533: A public forum for the exchange of their ideas. Each year The Architectural League and the Young Architects + Designers Committee (a group selected each year from past winners of the League Prize) organize a themed portfolio competition. Six winners, who must be ten years or less out of school, are then invited to present their work in a variety of public fora, including lectures, an exhibition, and on

200-561: Is a city in and the county seat of Muskingum County, Ohio , United States. Located at the confluence of the Licking and Muskingum rivers, the city is approximately 52 miles (84 km) east of Columbus and had a population of 24,765 as of the 2020 census , down from 25,487 as of the 2010 census . Historically the state capital of Ohio from 1810 to 1812, Zanesville anchors the Zanesville micropolitan area (population 86,183) and

240-493: Is after all only a skyscraper." Gilbert's two buildings on the University of Texas at Austin campus, Sutton Hall (1918) and Battle Hall (1911), are recognized by architectural historians as among the finest works of architecture in the state. Designed in a Spanish-Mediterranean revival style, the two buildings became the stylistic basis for the later expansion of the university in the 1920s and 1930s and helped popularize

280-661: Is land and 0.37 square miles (0.96 km ) is water. The area has important deposits of clay which were exploited by a number of pottery companies in the first half of the twentieth century, including Roseville Pottery , Weller Pottery , the J. B. Owens Pottery Company , the Zanesville Stoneware Company, the Mosaic Tile Company, the American Encaustic Tiling Company , and the T.B. Townsend Brick Yard under

320-736: Is located along the Muskingum River at its confluence with the Licking River . It is located 23 mi (37 km) west of Cambridge and 52 mi (84 km) east of Columbus . The National (Cumberland) Road and its successors U.S. Route 40 and Interstate 70 cross the Muskingum at Zanesville. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 12.14 square miles (31.44 km ), of which 11.77 square miles (30.48 km )

360-414: Is part of the greater Columbus-Marion-Zanesville combined statistical area . Zanesville was named after Ebenezer Zane (1747–1811), who had blazed Zane's Trace , a pioneer trail from Wheeling, West Virginia to Maysville, Kentucky through present-day Ohio. In 1797, he remitted land as payment to his son-in-law, John McIntire (1759–1815), at the point where Zane's Trace met the Muskingum River . With

400-559: The Abraham M. Radcliffe office in St. Paul. In 1878, Gilbert enrolled in the architecture program at MIT . Gilbert worked for a time with the firm of McKim, Mead & White before starting a practice in St. Paul with James Knox Taylor . He was commissioned to design a number of railroad stations, including those in Anoka , Willmar and the extant Little Falls depot , all in Minnesota. As

440-542: The Beaux Arts style reflect the optimistic American sense that the nation was heir to Greek democracy, Roman law and Renaissance humanism. Gilbert's achievements were recognized in his lifetime; he served as president of the American Institute of Architects in 1908–09. Gilbert was a conservative who believed architecture should reflect historic traditions and the established social order . His design of

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480-621: The Licking and the Muskingum rivers. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places , it is one of few bridges of its type in the United States. Its unique shape led pilot Amelia Earhart to describe Zanesville as "the most recognizable city in the country". It has been rebuilt numerous times since the 1850s. The city government is a Mayor/Council (10 members) elected form of government. Zanesville Police Department

520-771: The University of Texas at Austin , state capitols in Minnesota and West Virginia, the support towers of the George Washington Bridge , railroad stations (including the New Haven Union Station , 1920), and the United States Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C. His reputation declined among some professionals during the age of Modernism , but he was on the design committee that guided and eventually approved

560-805: The 1840s until the American Civil War broke out was part of the Underground Railroad . In excess of 5,000 Union soldiers, along with hundreds of townsfolk, were stationed in the Zanesville area to protect the city in 1863 during Morgan's Raid . Novelist Zane Grey , a descendant of the Zane family, was born in the city. After the Civil War, the city grew in size and gained prominence in the State for manufacturing and textiles. The city

600-627: The League’s website. Cass Gilbert Cass Gilbert (November 24, 1859 – May 17, 1934) was an American architect. An early proponent of skyscrapers , his works include the Woolworth Building , the United States Supreme Court building , the state capitols of Minnesota , Arkansas , and West Virginia , the Detroit Public Library , the Saint Louis Art Museum and Public Library . His public buildings in

640-717: The Minnesota capitol gave Gilbert his national reputation and in 1898 he permanently moved his base to New York. His breakthrough commission was the design of the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House in New York City, which now houses the George Gustav Heye Center . Gilbert served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1910 to 1916. In 1906 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an associate member, and became

680-530: The adjacent community of Putnam. It is now the Putnam Historic District of Zanesville. The city was historically known as a center for pottery manufacturing; in the first half of the 20th century, more than a dozen potteries operated in the city and the surrounding areas. Bolstered by ample local clay deposits and rivers, the area produced both art pottery and functional, utilitarian pottery. Notable pottery manufacturers that operated in

720-445: The area included Weller Pottery , J. B. Owens Pottery Company , Roseville Pottery , American Encaustic Tiling Company , and the Mosaic Tile Company. The city peaked economically in the 1950s, and like many cities experienced a post-industrial decline. In the 21st century, it has a relatively high level of chronic poverty and unemployment and a relatively low level of labor force participation and educational attainment. Zanesville

760-459: The arts. Muralists and sculptors are invited to become members, and annual exhibitions have included sections for landscape architecture , painting , sculpture, and decorative arts. Since 1982, the League has organized Emerging Voices , an annual juried series which features architects and designers throughout North America who have a "significant body of realized work that not only represents

800-454: The assistance of Zane, McIntire platted the town and opened an inn and ferry by 1799. In 1801, Zanesville was officially renamed, formerly Westbourne, the chosen name for the settlement by Zane. From 1810 to 1812, the city was the second state capital of Ohio. The National Road courses through Zanesville as U.S. Route 40 . The city grew quickly in the 1820s through 1850s. The city and the city of Putnam (eastern side of Muskingum River) from

840-403: The average family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males. The median income for a household in the city

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880-485: The best of its kind, but also creatively addresses larger issues of architecture, landscape, and the built environment." The Architectural League Prize is one of North America’s most prestigious awards for young architects and designers. The Prize, established in 1981 and known as the Young Architects Forum from 1981 to 2009, recognizes exemplary and provocative work by young practitioners and provides

920-432: The city. The population density was 2,276.8 inhabitants per square mile (879.1/km ). There were 11,662 housing units at an average density of 1,037.8 per square mile (400.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 85.48% White , 10.76% African American , 0.40% Native American , 0.23% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.42% from other races , and 2.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of

960-399: The city. The population density was 2,165.4 inhabitants per square mile (836.1/km ). There were 12,385 housing units at an average density of 1,052.3 per square mile (406.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.4% White , 9.7% African American , 0.4% Native American , 0.4% Asian , 0.4% from other races , and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of

1000-416: The famous Woolworth Building skyscraper on Broadway, while C. P. H. Gilbert designed Woolworth's personal mansion. The Ukrainian Institute building on Manhattan's 5th Avenue, the work of C. P. H. Gilbert, is often incorrectly attributed to Cass Gilbert. Cass Gilbert is sometimes also confused with his son, architect Cass Gilbert Jr. Notes Further reading Zanesville, Ohio Zanesville

1040-409: The first decades of the twentieth century." Historians Christen and Flanders wrote that his reputation among architectural critics went into eclipse during the age of modernism, but has since rebounded because of "respect for the integrity and classic beauty of his masterworks". Gilbert was born in Zanesville, Ohio , the middle of three sons, and was named after the statesman Lewis Cass , to whom he

1080-450: The late 1940s until the early 1970s. The city is also served by several railroad lines. Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 (which closely follows the path of the older National Road ), pass through Zanesville and run roughly parallel to each other. From the southwest, US 22 approaches from Cincinnati . North-south state highways 60 and 93 pass through Zanesville. Other state routes include 666 , 555 , 719 , and 146 . In 2016,

1120-554: The legendary Daniel Burnham — and his technique of cladding a steel frame became the model for decades. Modernists embraced his work: artist John Marin painted it several times; even Frank Lloyd Wright praised the lines of the building, though he decried the ornamentation. Gilbert was one of the first celebrity architects in America, designing skyscrapers in New York City and Cincinnati , campus buildings at Oberlin College and

1160-770: The modernist design of Manhattan's groundbreaking Rockefeller Center . Gilbert's body of work as a whole is more eclectic than many critics admit. In particular, his Union Station in New Haven lacks the embellishments common of the Beaux-Arts period and contains the simple lines common in Modernism. Gilbert wrote to a colleague, "I sometimes wish I had never built the Woolworth Building because I fear it may be regarded as my only work and you and I both know that whatever it may be in dimension and in certain lines it

1200-496: The new Supreme Court building in 1935, with its classical lines and small size, contrasted sharply with the large federal buildings along the National Mall in Washington, D.C., which he disliked. Architectural historian Margaret Heilbrun said that "Gilbert's pioneering buildings injected vitality into skyscraper design, and his 'Gothic skyscraper,' epitomized by the Woolworth Building, profoundly influenced architects during

1240-417: The ownership of T.B. Townsend . In the 1950s, Zanesville was known for its population of light-skinned Blacks who could "pass" (be admitted to whites-only places). This characteristic was due to a history of racial intermixing dating back to the role of Zanesville as a stop on the Underground Railroad . As of the census of 2010, there were 25,487 people, 10,864 households, and 6,176 families residing in

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1280-410: The population. There were 10,572 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and

1320-443: The population. There were 10,864 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1360-628: The style throughout Texas. Gilbert's drawings and correspondence are preserved at the New-York Historical Society , the Minnesota Historical Society , the University of Minnesota, and the Library of Congress . Cass Gilbert is often confused with another prominent New York architect of the time, Charles Pierrepont Henry Gilbert , in part because Frank W. Woolworth engaged both; Cass Gilbert designed

1400-402: Was $ 26,642, and the median income for a family was $ 31,932. Males had a median income of $ 27,902 versus $ 20,142 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,192. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 32.3% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over. A three-way bridge called the " Y-Bridge " spans the confluence of

1440-440: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 25,586 people, 10,572 households, and 6,438 families residing in

1480-489: Was also notoriously known for its bootlegging activities in the Prohibition era . From the 1820s until the 1970s, downtown Zanesville was the premiere economic center of the city with various factories, offices, small to large stores, many hotels, over a dozen stages and movie theaters, nearly twenty churches, and nearby neighborhoods (inhabited mainly by persons of Irish or German ethnicity). In 1872, Zanesville annexed

1520-589: Was distantly related. Gilbert's father General Samuel A. Gilbert was a Union veteran of the American Civil War and a surveyor for the United States Coast Survey . His uncle was Union General Charles Champion Gilbert . When he was nine, Gilbert's family moved to St. Paul , Minnesota, where he was raised by his mother after his father died. Cass was raised Presbyterian. He attended preparatory school but dropped out of Macalester College . He began his architectural career at age 17 by joining

1560-460: Was formed in 1865 with 6 officers. Today the department has over 55 officers and 40 more support staff. The City Fire Department became fully paid staff in 1879. This department today has over 45 members working 24 on & 48 hours off, staffing 3 stations. The city is served by Zanesville Municipal Airport , built during World War II , and opened near the end. It has two 5,000 ft (1,500 m) runways. The airport had commercial flights from

1600-425: Was the first woman to join among many others. During its history, many of New York's most prominent architects have served as president, including George B. Post , Henry Hardenbergh , Grosvenor Atterbury , Raymond Hood , Ralph Walker , and more recently, Robert A.M. Stern , Frances Halsband , Paul Byard , and Billie Tsien . In 2018, Paul Lewis was elected President. The league embraces collaboration across

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