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17-814: On its eastern side, towards the Esquiline Hill , it branched off into the Vicus Patricius (now Via Urbana), which continued towards Porta Viminale , and the Clivus Suburanus (now Via in Selci), which climbed up to Porta Esquilina . On the western side, towards the Forum, it ended between the Basilica Aemilia and the Curia , but during the imperial age the first stretch was replaced by

34-704: A few sublobes. The lobes are usually blunt, rarely sharp. The apex is usually wide and round. The base of the leaf is heart shaped, widely rounded or sometimes pointed. The petioles are 4–15 mm (rarely to 22 mm) long, stout and pubescent. The leaves are persistent late into the autumn, remaining green up to early winter. They eventually turn russet or brown and fall off. The Quercus pubescens acorns are light brown to yellow, 8–20 mm long, usually thin and pointed. The acorn cups are light gray to almost white, with pointed, overlapping scales, covered with tomentum. The acorn stalks are thick and pubescent, up to 2 cm long. The acorns usually occur in groups of 2–5 on

51-675: Is the Oppius ( Oppian Hill ). The origin of the name Esquiline is still under much debate. One view is that the hill was named after the abundance of aesculi ( Italian oaks ) growing there. Another view is that, during Rome's infancy, the Capitolium , the Palatinum , and the northern fringes of the Caelian were the most-populated areas of the city, whose inhabitants were considered inquilini ("in-towners"); those who inhabited

68-499: Is very rough, light gray and divided into small flakes. Large trees develop very thick whitish bark cracked into deep furrows, similar to the pedunculate oak but lighter in colour. The twigs are light purple or whitish, with tomentum. The buds are small ( 3–6 millimetres or 1 ⁄ 8 – 1 ⁄ 4 inch) and blunt, light brown. The leaves are leathery usually 4–10 centimetres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 –4 in) long (rarely to 13 cm) and 3–6 cm wide, usually widest beyond

85-612: The Forum of Nerva , which however maintained a function of passageway and for this reason was also known as Forum Transitorium. The name of the street could derive from the clay (Latin Argilla ) carried by the waters that descended from the surrounding hills and then conveyed into the Cloaca Maxima . However, Varro claimed that the etymology of the term was connected with the name of a Greek scoundrel (see below). The Argiletum

102-417: The Oppius , Nero (37 AD–68 AD) confiscated property to build his extravagant, mile-long Golden House , and later still Trajan (53–117) constructed his bath complex , both of whose remains are visible today. The 3rd-century Horti Liciniani , a group of gardens (including the relatively well-preserved nymphaeum formerly identified as the non-extant Temple of Minerva Medica ), were probably constructed on

119-705: The Argiletum, possibly close to the Temple of Ianus. Paths that were found in the Alta Semita and the domus on the Oppian and Caelian hills converged onto the Argiletum, making it a principal node of public space particularly during the Flavian rule . By the time of Martial (died about AD 103 ), the Argiletum had become a seedy district filled with taverns and brothels. However, this reputation may not reflect

136-511: The Esquiline Hill. 41°53′44″N 12°29′48″E  /  41.89556°N 12.49667°E  / 41.89556; 12.49667 Italian oak Quercus pubescens ( synonyms virgiliana ), commonly known as the downy oak , pubescent oak or Italian oak , is a species of white oak (genus Quercus sect. Quercus ) native to southern Europe and southwest Asia. It is found from northern Spain ( Pyrenees ) and France in

153-810: The Esquiline Hill. Farther to the northeast, at the summit of the Cispius , is the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore . In 1781, the first known copy of the marble statue of a discus thrower – the Discobolus of Myron – was discovered on the Roman property of the Massimo family , the Villa Palombara, on the Esquiline Hill. The famous Esquiline Treasure , now in the British Museum , was found on

170-623: The West to Turkey and the Caucasus in the East. Quercus pubescens is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing up to 20 metres (66 feet). Forest-grown trees grow tall, while open-growing trees develop a very broad and irregular crown. They are long-lived, to several hundred years, and eventually grow into very stout trees with trunks up to 2 m ( 6 + 1 ⁄ 2  ft) in diameter. Open-grown trees frequently develop several trunks. The bark

187-718: The actual status of the residents since the population was constituted by a mix of elite and nonelite, side by side. According to the myth, the tomb of a certain Argus was located in the Argiletum. Evander , son of the god Mercury and of the nymph Carmenta , had settled in Italy with a group of Arcadians from the city of Argos . A certain Argos came to his court, plotting to kill Evander and take possession of his kingdom. Evander's followers discovered his intentions and, without their lord knowing it, killed Argos. However, out of respect for

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204-517: The external regions – Aurelian, Oppius, Cispius, Fagutal – were considered exquilini ("suburbanites"). The Esquiline Hill includes three prominent spurs, which are sometimes called "hills" as well: Rising above the valley in which was later built the Colosseum , the Esquiline was a fashionable residential district. According to Livy , the settlement on the Esquiline was expanded during

221-476: The inviolable rights of hospitality, Evander honored Argos with a magnificent funeral and erected a tomb for him in a place that was later called Argiletum, which means "death of Argos". Esquiline Hill The Esquiline Hill ( / ˈ ɛ s k w ɪ l aɪ n / ; Latin : Collis Esquilinus ; Italian : Esquilino [eskwiˈliːno] ) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome . Its southernmost cusp

238-532: The limits of the street were defined differently in various periods. Livy indicates that the Temple of Ianus Geminus was located ad infimum Argiletum (Liv. 1.19.1). Another of the landmarks excavated in the area was a quadrifrons , which was located at the juncture of the Roman Forum , the Argiletum and the Forum of Caesar . It is suggested that a second arch or a temple was also constructed somewhere on

255-421: The middle. The leaves group at the ends of twigs. The upper leaf surface is dark green and rough, the lower light green. Both leaf surfaces are covered with minute pubescence which is sometimes lost in older leaves by late summer. The young expanding leaves are whitish or pinkish with very soft tomentum. The leaf shape is very variable, divided into 3–7 pairs of deep or shallow lobes, which are usually divided into

272-634: The reign of Servius Tullius , Rome's sixth king, in the 6th century BC. The king also moved his residence to the hill in order to increase its respectability. The political advisor and art patron Maecenas (70–8 BC) sited his gardens , the first in the Hellenistic-Persian garden style in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, atop the Servian Wall and its adjoining necropolis . It contained terraces, libraries and other aspects of Roman culture. At

289-577: Was the street of the booksellers and is mentioned by many ancient authors such as Horace , Martial and Seneca , who have also handed down the names of their trusted suppliers. As it originally passed between the Comitium and the Basilica Pauli , the Argiletum was eventually absorbed by the construction of the Imperial fora from the time of Julius Caesar onwards. Given this encroachment,

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