The executive , also referred to as the juditian or executive power , is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes the key decisions and holds power.
18-966: The Arkansas Department of Education ( ADE ) is a cabinet-level agency of the Arkansas state government overseeing public education for K-12, higher education institutions, and career and technical education. The ADE also contains the Arkansas State Library , the Arkansas School for the Deaf , Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired , and the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission . The Division of Elementary & Secondary Education (often abbreviated DESE ), headquartered in Little Rock ,
36-470: A change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called ministers ) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the Westminster type of parliamentary system , the principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of
54-687: Is a test required by the Arkansas Department of Education in support of NCLB . Starting with the 2007–08 school year, a criterion-referenced test mandated by the state was merged with the Stanford Achievement Test , Series 10 to form the Augmented Benchmark Examinations. It is administered in grades 3–8 in ELA and mathematics, additionally, grades 5 and 7 are tested in science. In support of
72-599: Is the state education agency of Arkansas for public schools . Founded in 1931, its responsibilities include accrediting schools , assisting Arkansas schools and their school districts in developing their curricula , approving the textbooks used in state public schools, licensing teachers , and providing continuing education programs. The ADE consists of five divisions: Division of Academic Accountability, Division of Fiscal and Administrative Services, Division of Human Resources, Division of Learning Services, and Division of Research and Technology. The department maintains
90-677: Is the staff of the Arkansas Higher Education Coordinating Board . The division promotes the importance of higher education, administers scholarship programs, assists colleges and universities to ensure a coordinated higher education system is available in Arkansas. Formerly a separate state government department, the ADHE was merged into the expanded ADE as part of the 2019 Arkansas state government transformation. Arkansas Cabinet The Cabinet of
108-617: The ADE website, the federal government approved the state's differentiated accountability model, which is named Smart Accountability, in January 2009. The model divides schools into the following categories: The 2010 adequate yearly progress calculations show that: The Smart Core curriculum is the assumed course of study for all students. Beginning in the 2010–2011 school year, twenty-two units are required for graduation. Of these 22 units, sixteen will be specified units. Of these twenty-two units
126-557: The ArDOT director reports to the Arkansas State Highway Commission , and is independent of the governor. Executive branch The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to
144-701: The Arkansas Public School Computer Network for the purpose of providing internet access in public schools. ADE also runs a distance learning program through its Distance Learning Center and partners with the Arkansas Educational Television Network on the Arkansas IDEAS portal , which offers professional development courses to improve academic and teaching knowledge and skills of its personnel. The Augmented Benchmark Examinations
162-421: The control of the government bureaucracy , especially in the areas of overall economic or foreign policy . In parliamentary systems, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature, which must maintain the confidence of the legislature or one part of it, if bicameral. In certain circumstances (varying by state), the legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either
180-426: The executive ( ministers ), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In presidential systems , the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters. In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of
198-459: The executive branch may include: In a presidential system , the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government. In some cases, such as South Korea , there is a Prime Minister who assists the President, but who is not the head of government. In a parliamentary system , a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state
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#1732780882343216-400: The executive requires the support and approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from
234-471: The executive, and interpreted by the judiciary . The executive can also be the source of certain types of law or law-derived rules, such as a decree or executive order . In those that use fusion of powers , typically parliamentary systems , such as the United Kingdom , the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature. Since
252-483: The executive. In political systems based on the separation of powers , such as the United States of America , government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by
270-468: The following are required: Smart Core: Sixteen units Career Focus: Six (6) units Total: 22 units Beginning in 2013–2014, all students in grades nine through twelve will follow these graduation requirements. Twenty-two units will be required for graduation. Of these twenty-two units, sixteen will be specified units. Of these units, the following are required: Smart Core: Sixteen units Total: 22 units The Arkansas Division of Higher Education ( ADHE )
288-513: The governor of Arkansas is a body of the most senior appointed officials of the executive branch of the government of Arkansas . Cabinet officers are appointed by the governor. Once confirmed, all members of the Cabinet receive the title "Secretary" and serve at the pleasure of the governor. The Cabinet is responsible for advising the governor on the operations and policies of the state government department under their purview. The cabinet system
306-479: The requirements for No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act and its requirement for schools to produce Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), the ADE developed Augmented Benchmark Examinations and its associated Arkansas Comprehensive Testing, Assessment, and Accountability Program (ACTAAP), which has criterion-referenced test (CRT) and norm-referenced test (NRT) components including the Augmented Benchmark Examinations at grades 3 - 8 and The Iowa Tests at grades 1 - 2 and 9. Per
324-486: Was created by Governor Asa Hutchinson . The Transformation and Efficiencies Act of 2019 was his signature piece of legislation, consolidating 40 state government departments into 15, with each headed by a cabinet secretary. Arkansas state government had been last reorganized in 1971. The current Cabinet is as follows: Though the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT) is a similarly-named agency,
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