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103-738: The official language of Arlesheim is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German , while the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. The cathedral has a Baroque organ built by the German builder Johann Andreas Silbermann , based in Alsace , in 1761. The instrument was restored by Metzler in 1959–1962, and is an example of the fusion of French and German organ building styles. It has been used in several recordings, including Lionel Rogg 's recording of

206-604: A Fachhochschule ). Of the 1,950 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.5% were Swiss men, 27.3% were Swiss women, 10.9% were non-Swiss men and 9.3% were non-Swiss women. As of 2000, there were 186 students in Arlesheim who came from another municipality, while 458 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Swiss Standard German Swiss Standard German (SSG; German : Schweizer Standarddeutsch ), or Swiss High German ( German : Schweizer Hochdeutsch or Schweizerhochdeutsch ), referred to by

309-467: A medial diglossia instead. Most German Swiss can speak fluent Swiss Standard German, but may or may not like doing so, as it feels stilted and unnatural to many. When they compare their Swiss Standard German to the way people from Germany speak, they think their own proficiency is inferior because it is studied and slower. Most German Swiss think that the majority speak rather poor Swiss Standard German; however, when asked about their personal proficiency,

412-772: A German Language and Area Studies program where visiting students get to take classes at the University of Freiburg . The DFG / LFA Freiburg , a French-German high school established by the 1963 Élysée Treaty , is in the city. UWC Robert Bosch College is among the newest members of the United World Colleges (UWC) movement, one of its eighteen colleges around the world, having started accepting students in September 2014. Christianity Freiburg belonged to Austria until 1805 and remained Catholic, although surrounding villages like Haslach , Opfingen, Tiengen, and

515-622: A balance between city traditions and old Roman Law . The reforms were well received, especially the sections dealing with civil process law, punishment, and the city's constitution. In 1520, Freiburg decided not to take part in the Reformation and became an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine . Erasmus moved here after Basel accepted the Reformation. In 1536, a strong and persistent belief in witchcraft led to

618-537: A butcher named Hauri stabbed the Bishop of Strasbourg to death on 29 July 1299. It was a Pyrrhic victory , since henceforth the citizens of Freiburg had to pay an annual expiation of 300 marks in silver to the count of Freiburg until 1368. In 1366 the counts of Freiburg made another failed attempt to occupy the city during a night raid. Eventually the citizens were fed up with their lords, and in 1368 Freiburg purchased its independence from them. The city turned itself over to

721-682: A city of over 100,000 people. The current mayor of Freiburg is Martin Horn since 2018. He was previously a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) but left before running for mayor. In the election, he was supported by the SPD and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The most recent mayoral election was held on 22 April 2018, with a runoff held on 6 May, and the results were as follows: The Freiburg city council governs

824-560: A decrease of 13 and the non-Swiss population change was a decrease of 5 people. This represents a population growth rate of -0.2%. The age distribution, as of 2010, in Arlesheim is; 559 children, or 6.2% of the population, are between 0 and 6 years old, and 1,220 teenagers, or 13.6%, are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 798 people, or 8.9% of the population, are between 20 and 29 years old, 1,074 people, or 12.0%, are between 30 and 39, 1,429 people, or 16.0%, are between 40 and 49, and 1,840 people, or 20.5%, are between 50 and 64. As for

927-569: A few, mostly generic items have been discovered. So far, no items from the Iron Age have been found. The farm complex of Arlesheim was owned by Mont Sainte-Odile Monastery in Alsace starting in the 8th   century. It was sold in 1239 to the Bishop of Basel Lüthold von Rötteln. In 1245 the Frohburg family withdrew their claims on the land, which left the Bishop with an uncontested title to

1030-700: A free Lutheran church, is situated in Freiburg. There are multiple other free Protestant churches: e.g., the Calvary Chapel or Chrischona International. An old congregation has existed in Freiburg since the late 1900s, which utilises the old monastery church of the Ursulines in the black monastery at the border of the old city center. The Catholic Church of St. Maria Schutz has been made available for Masses by Greek, Serbian, Russian and Rumanian Orthodox congregations. Judaism Jews are said to have lived in

1133-545: A large portion of the city centre, with the notable exception of the Münster , which was only lightly damaged. After the war, the city was rebuilt on its medieval plan. On 22 October 1940, the Nazi Gauleiter of Baden, Robert Heinrich Wagner , ordered the deportation of all of Baden's and 350 of Freiburg's Jewish population. They were deported to Camp Gurs in the south of France, where many died. On 18 July 1942,

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1236-509: A majority will answer that they speak quite well. Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau ( German: [ˈfʁaɪbʊʁk ʔɪm ˈbʁaɪsɡaʊ] ; Alemannic : Friburg im Brisgau ; French : Fribourg-en-Brisgau ; lit. Freecastle in the Breisgau ; mostly called simply Freiburg ) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart , Mannheim and Karlsruhe . Its built-up area has

1339-475: A meeting place. To the east of the city centre, the Schlossberg hill provides extensive views over the city and surrounding region. The castle (Schloss) from which the hill takes its name was demolished in the 1740s, and only ruins remain. Schlossberg retained its importance to the city, however, and 150 years ago the city leaders opened up walks and views to make the mountain available to the public. Today,

1442-641: A mint opened in town. Then, in 1763 the seat of the Bailiwick of Birseck moved from Birseck Castle to the Andlauer Hof in Arlesheim. In 1785 Balbina von   Andlau and Canon Heinrich von   Ligerz created the Eremitage (Hermitage), the largest English garden in Switzerland, which was known throughout Europe and attracted many travelers. The right to appoint Arlesheim's pastor was held by

1545-694: A population of about 355,000 (2021), while the greater Freiburg metropolitan area ("Einzugsgebiet") has about 660,000 (2018). Freiburg is located in Baden , at the southwestern foothills of the Black Forest , on the Dreisam River, a tributary of the Elz . It is Germany's southwestern- and southernmost city with a population exceeding 100,000. It lies in the Breisgau , one of Germany's warmest regions, in

1648-561: A private car. From the 2000 census, 3,135 or 36.3% were Roman Catholic , while 2,842 or 32.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 76 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.88% of the population), there were 34 individuals (or about 0.39% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 310 individuals (or about 3.59% of

1751-536: A total of 3,918 households that answered this question, 34.6% were households made up of just one person and 30 were adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 1,192 married couples without children, 977 married couples with children. There were 215 single parents with a child or children. There were 62 households that were made up unrelated people and 88 households that were made some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 1,039 single family homes (or 59.2% of

1854-480: A typical case of diglossia , although this term is often reserved to language pairs where the vernacular has lower prestige than the other, while Swiss German dialects do not meet this criterion as they permeate every socio-economic class of society. Since Swiss Standard German is the usual written language and the Swiss German dialects are the usual spoken language, their interrelation has sometimes been called

1957-504: A unique touch. Freiburg has a high standard of living , and is known for its advanced environmental practices, which is embodied by projects like the creation of the sustainable district of Vauban . The dialect spoken in Freiburg is classified as ( Upper Rhenish ) Low Alemannic , and therefore most closely related to the other dialects of Baden north of Markgräflerland and south of Karlsruhe , to most dialects historically spoken in Alsace ( Alsatian ), and to Basel German . Freiburg

2060-469: Is 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long, runs from Günterstal up to a nearby mountain called Schauinsland . The city has an unusual system of gutters (called Freiburg Bächle ) that run throughout its centre. These Bächle , once used to provide water to fight fires and feed livestock, are constantly flowing with water diverted from the Dreisam . They were never intended to be used for sewage, and even in

2163-485: Is also found in volumes of Standard German language dictionaries; however, Germans from northern Germany prefer to use Krankenhaus , whereas Spital is also used in areas of southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, and South Tyrol . Some nouns have different gender: Some expressions are borrowed from French and thus differ from usage in Germany, such as The Swiss keyboard layout has no ß key, nor does it have

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2266-494: Is also important. In informal situations, Swiss Standard German is only used whenever a German Swiss is communicating with a non-Swiss and it is assumed that this person does not understand the respective dialect. Amongst themselves, the German-speaking Swiss use their respective Swiss German dialect, irrespective of social class, education or topic. Unlike other regions where German varieties are spoken, there

2369-418: Is decorated with statues and the coat of arms of four Habsburg emperors. The Altes Rathaus , or old city hall, was completed in 1559 and has a painted façade. The Platz der alten Synagoge "Old Synagogue Square" is one of the more important squares on the outskirts of the historic old city. The square was the location of a synagogue until it was destroyed on Kristallnacht in 1938. Zum Roten Bären ,

2472-634: Is likely that the name of this place means a "fortified town of free citizens". This town was strategically located at a junction of trade routes between the Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea regions, and the Rhine and Danube rivers. In 1200, Freiburg's population numbered approximately 6,000 people. At about that time, under the rule of Bertold V , the last duke of Zähringen, the city began construction of its Freiburg Minster cathedral on

2575-470: Is no continuum between Swiss Standard German and the Swiss German dialects. The speakers speak either Swiss Standard German, or a Swiss German dialect, and they are conscious about this choice. Nevertheless, about 10%, or 828,200, of Swiss residents speak High German (also called Standard German) at home, but mainly due to the presence of German or Austrian immigrants. The concurrent usage of Swiss Standard German and Swiss German dialects has been called

2678-493: Is only spoken in very few specific formal situations, such as in news broadcasts and reputable programmes of the public media channels; in the parliaments of German-speaking cantons ; in the federal parliament in Berne (unless another official language of Switzerland is used), although dialect is certainly encroaching on this domain; in loudspeaker announcements in public places such as railway stations, etc. Church services, including

2781-465: Is the Freiburg Minster ( Freiburger Münster ), which was built between c. 1200 and 1513 and has been described as "Gothic architectural masterpiece". The old town is traversed by an extensive system of runnels called Bächle ( lit. small streams ), that are fed with water from the Dreisam and run on the side and sometimes in the middle of almost all streets and alleys, giving the city

2884-539: Is the respective local dialect. Due to a rather large inter-cantonal migration rate (about 5% p.a.) within modern Switzerland for decades, many different Swiss German dialects are spoken in any one place, especially in urban areas; for example, in the city of Zürich (end of 2013): of the 272,700 Swiss (total: 400,000) living in Zürich, only 40% (28%) are from Zürich itself with 51% (36%) from the entire canton of Zürich. Outside of any educational setting, Swiss Standard German

2987-399: Is the site of Freiburg's Münster , a gothic minster cathedral constructed of red sandstone, built between 1200 and 1530 and noted for its towering spire. The Historical Merchants' Hall ( Historisches Kaufhaus ), is a Late Gothic building on the south side of Freiburg's Münsterplatz . Built between 1520 and 1530, it was once the center of the financial life of the region. Its façade

3090-488: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.64 km (1.41 sq mi) or 52.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.65 km (1.02 sq mi) or 38.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km (7.4 acres) or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 5.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 23.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.8%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.2%. Of

3193-523: Is used in books, all official publications (including all laws and regulations), in newspapers, printed notices, most advertising, and other printed matter. Authors write literature mainly using Swiss Standard German; some dialect literature exists. SSG is similar in most respects to the Standard German in Germany and Austria ; there are a few differences in spelling, most notably the replacing of

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3296-513: The ¨ dead key . The names of municipalities, towns, stations, and streets are often not written with a starting capital umlaut, but instead with Ae , Oe , or Ue , such as the Zürich suburb Oerlikon , the hamlet Aetzikofen , and the Bernese municipality Uebeschi . However, field names, such as Äbenegg, Ötikon (near Stäfa), or Überthal, and any other word, such as Ärzte (English: physicians), usually start with capital umlauts. As for

3399-614: The 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 24.42% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Green Party (22.1%), the FDP (20.17%) and the SVP (17.8%). In the federal election, a total of 3,186 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 53.1%. As of  2007, Arlesheim had an unemployment rate of 1.69%. As of 2005, there were 71 people employed in

3502-559: The Augustiner Museum in 1921, it is now a popular social space for Freiburg's younger residents. It has a number of restaurants and bars, including the local brewery 'Feierling', which has a Biergarten . On warm summer nights, hundreds of students gather here. At the centre of the old city is the Münsterplatz or Cathedral Square, Freiburg's largest square . A farmers' market is held here every day except Sundays. This

3605-780: The Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg , the International University of Cooperative Education IUCE, three Max Planck institutes , five Fraunhofer institutes , and one Leibniz institute . The city is home to the IES Abroad European Union program, which allows students to study the development and activities of the EU . This is in addition to an Environmental Science and Sustainability program focused on Freiburg's famed green lifestyle and infrastructure. IES Abroad also offers

3708-716: The Counter-Reformation in Arlesheim. In the Thirty Years War the surrounding countryside was damaged by looting and pillaging. Arlesheim, however, was off the main roads and was relatively untouched. It had developed as a small, rather out of the way wine-growing village with the Bishop's estates and wine-press . As a result, when the Basel cathedral council and priests moved from Freiburg im Breisgau in 1678, they went to Arlesheim. An administrative center and impressive early baroque residences were built in

3811-781: The Domherrenhaus at Domstrasse 2, the Domherrenhäuser am Domplatz, the Cathedral Church, the Hermitage site which includes the ruins of Birseck Castle , as well as paleolithic cave dwellings, an early cult site and Neolithic graves and Reichenstein Castle are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire village of Arlesheim is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In

3914-667: The Département of Mont-Terrible and then in 1800–1814 it was part of the Département of Haut-Rhin . Under the revolutionary forces, the Cathedral and the Domherrenhäuser were nationalized. Courageous citizens bought the cathedral and prevented it from being demolished. Later, the parish acquired the building and the cathedral became a parish church. In 1814–1815, it was the seat of the coalition Governor General of

4017-631: The Mesolithic period ( c. 6000–5000   BC), flint tools have been discovered at the Abri overhang at Hohlefels, excavated in 1905 by Fritz Sarasin, and in the Birseck–Hermitage cave. Some funerary objects from the largely unexplored transitional period between the Mesolithic to Neolithic period (around 5200   BC) were also discovered. Several Neolithic ax blades were discovered across

4120-799: The Schlossbergbahn funicular railway connects the city centre to the hill. Other museums in the city include the Archaeology Colombischlössle Museum . Freiburg is bordered by the Black Forest mountains Rosskopf and Bromberg to the east, Schönberg and Tuniberg to the south, with the Kaiserstuhl hill region to the west. The Köppen climate classification classifies Freiburg's climate as temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). Thus, July and August are, along with Karlsruhe ,

4223-652: The anthroposophist Ita Wegman Clinic in 1921, and the Weleda remedies company. Arlesheim has a mild climate and sunny vineyards, which made it a popular location for vacation villas. In 1880 the first housing estate was built in New-Arlesheim. The many workers who moved into Arlesheim fostered a sectarian shift in what was once a very Catholic village. The construction of the Reformed church in 1911–1912 encouraged more Reformed workers to follow. In 1990 about 41% of

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4326-513: The plague had not yet broken out in the city, Jews were accused of having spread it and taken into custody. All Jews except pregnant women were burned alive on 31 January 1349. The remaining children were forced to be baptised. This pogrom left Jews very hesitant to resettle in the city. In 1401, the city council decreed a regulation banning all Jews from Freiburg (orig. Middle High German dialect: “daz dekein Jude ze Friburg niemmerme sin sol” [27]. This

4429-405: The primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 748 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 67 businesses in this sector. 3,979 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 345 businesses in this sector. There were 4,271 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 47.2% of the workforce. In 2008

4532-464: The Bishop of Basel until 1678, after which it went to the council of Basel's Cathedral . At the beginning of the 17th   century the parish of Arlesheim was briefly united briefly with the parish of Reinach (in Basel-Country) into a single parish. After the short-lived Rauracian Republic (1792–93), the village was under French rule from 1793 to 1814. Between 1793 and 1800 it was part of

4635-604: The City Mayors Foundation. Politically, it is a longtime stronghold of the Alliance 90/The Greens , who have seen consistent success since the 1990s and have been the largest party on the city council since 2004. For many years, they performed more strongly in Freiburg than any other major city: former mayor Dieter Salomon , who served from 2002 to 2018, was the first member of the Greens to hold such an office in

4738-517: The French invasion. In 1830 Johann Siegmund Alioth moved from Basel to Arlesheim and set up the first mechanical silk-factory in Switzerland along the Birs. The factory operated for nearly a century and a half, until it closed in 1976. For his Reformed workers, Daniel August Alioth built a Reformed chapel in his garden in 1856. This Reformed church served the needs of just a few Reformed families throughout

4841-417: The German ß with ss (since the 20th century). For example: There are some differences in vocabulary, including, for instance, using a loanword from another language. For example: In addition, SSG uses different orthography in letter writing, and the salutations used for the same also differ from Non-Swiss Standard German. The Swiss use the Standard German word Spital (hospital). Spital

4944-582: The Habsburg territories in the southwest of Germany. In 1805, the city, together with the Breisgau and Ortenau areas, became part of Baden . In 1827, when the Archdiocese of Freiburg was founded, Freiburg became the seat of a Catholic archbishop. Freiburg was heavily bombed during World War II . In May 1940 , aircraft of the Luftwaffe mistakenly dropped approximately 60 bombs on Freiburg near

5047-476: The Middle Ages such use could lead to harsh penalties. During the summer, the running water provides natural cooling of the air, and offers a pleasant gurgling sound. It is said that if one accidentally falls or steps into a Bächle , they will marry a Freiburger, or 'Bobbele'. The Augustinerplatz is one of the central squares in the old city. Formerly the location of an Augustinian monastery that became

5150-734: The Swiss as Schriftdeutsch , or German : Hochdeutsch , is the written form of one ( German ) of four national languages in Switzerland , besides French , Italian , and Romansh . It is a variety of Standard German , used in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and in Liechtenstein . It is mainly written and rather less often spoken. Swiss Standard German is the official written language in German-speaking Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It

5253-739: The Younger and Gregorius Sickinger . In 1805, with the attack of Breisgau on the Grand Duchy of Baden by a Catholic ruler, many Protestants moved into the city. Since 2007, any Protestants who are not part of a 'free church' belong to the newly founded deanery of Freiburg as part of the parish of Südbaden which in itself is a part of the Landeskirche Baden. The seat of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden ,

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5356-439: The all-time German temperature record of 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) from 2003 to 2015. An old university town and archiepiscopal seat, it was incorporated in the early 12th century and soon became a commercial, intellectual and ecclesiastical center for the Upper Rhine region. The University of Freiburg ( Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg ), founded in 1457, is one of Germany's oldest universities. Freiburg's main landmark

5459-420: The beginning of the Thirty Years' War in 1618, its population numbered between 10,000 to 14,000; when it ended in 1648, only 2,000 remained. In August 1644, it was the site of the Battle of Freiburg , said to be the bloodiest battle of the war in terms of percentage of casualties. Between 1648 and 1805, when the city was not under French occupation it was the administrative headquarters of Further Austria ,

5562-412: The borders of the former province of Baden and the former Margraviate of Hohenzollern. The cathedral, in which the bishop resides, is Freiburg Minster . Also, part of the ecclesiastical province of Freiburg are the suffragan dioceses of Mainz and Rottenburg-Stuttgart . Until 1929, the dioceses of Limburg and Fulda also belonged to this ecclesiastical province. The Archbishop of Freiburg holds

5665-421: The capital umlaut keys Ä , Ö and Ü . This dates back to mechanical typewriters that had the French diacritical marks letters on these keys to allow the Swiss to write French on a Swiss German QWERTZ keyboard (and vice versa). Thus a Swiss German VSM keyboard has an ä key that prints an à (a-grave) when shifted. However, it is possible to write uppercase umlauts by use of caps lock or by using

5768-438: The city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Freiburg is a center of academia and research, in which numerous intellectual figures and Nobel Laureates have lived, worked, and taught. The city houses one of the oldest and most renowned of German universities, the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , as well as its medical center . Home to some of

5871-525: The city before 1230, but it was only after 1230 that they supposedly founded an official community in the Webergasse (a small street within the town center). The counts of Freiburg bought the lucrative Schutzjude , which means that all personal information on Jews living in Freiburg was directly sent to Konrad II and his co-reigning son Friedrich. The two issued a comprising letter promising safety and liberty to all local Jews on 12 October 1338. It lost all value shortly after, however, on 1 January 1349. Although

5974-416: The city's first witch-hunt . The need to find a scapegoat for calamities such as the Black Plague , which claimed 2,000 area residents (25% of the city population) in 1564, led to an escalation in witch-hunting that reached its peak in 1599. A plaque on the old city wall marks the spot where burnings were carried out. The seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries were turbulent times for Freiburg. At

6077-424: The complete organ works of J. S. Bach , for Harmonia Mundi France in 1970. Arlesheim is first mentioned in 708. In 1239 it was mentioned as Arlisheim . The protected location on the western foot of the Gempen Plateau encouraged early settlement of the area. Paleolithic Magdalenian culture items from around 10,000   BC were discovered in the Birseck–Ermitage and Hollenberg   3 caves. Birseck–Ermitage

6180-405: The dawn of the Renaissance was a time of both advances and tragedy for Freiburg. In 1457, Albrecht VI , Regent of Further Austria , established Albert-Ludwigs-Universität , one of Germany's oldest universities. In 1498, Emperor Maximilian I held a Reichstag in Freiburg. In 1520, the city ratified a set of legal reforms, widely considered the most progressive of the time. The aim was to find

6283-399: The diocese of Basel. In 1815 the Canton of Basel was recreated. Arlesheim was part of the Canton of Basel until it split into two half-cantons in 1832. Arlesheim joined Basel-Country and became the capital of a district. During the invasion of revolutionary France, the cathedral canons fled the city. The flight of the canons led to an economic depression in the village in the years following

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6386-417: The entire Birseck. A Reformed parish was established in 1882 in Arlesheim. In 1875 the Jura–Simplon Railway opened a line into Arlesheim, which was followed in 1902 by the Birseckbahn Basel-Arlesheim-Dornach tram line. In 1976 it was purchased by Baselland Transport. These two train lines gave further impetus to the industrial and service sectors including the Alioth electric equipment supply company in 1892,

6489-399: The following extreme values: Freiburg is known as an "eco-city". In June 1995, the Freiburg city council adopted a resolution that it would permit construction only of " low-energy buildings " on municipal land, and all new buildings must comply with certain low energy specifications. The neighbourhoods of Vauban and Rieselfeld were developed and built in the late 1990s in accordance with

6592-411: The forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. f the agricultural land, 1.9% is used for growing crops and 4.8% is pastures, while 2.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is the capital of the district of the same name. It is located in the Birseck or the lower Birs valley. Originally a village along

6695-699: The gender distribution of the population was 46.5% male and 53.5% female. The population was made up of 7,232 Swiss citizens (80.8% of the population), and 1,722 non-Swiss residents (19.2%) Of the population in the municipality 1,686 or about 19.5% were born in Arlesheim and lived there in 2000. There were 1,132, or 13.1%, who were born in the same canton, while 3,391 or 39.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 2,151, or 24.9% ,were born outside of Switzerland. In 2008 there were 51 live births to Swiss citizens and 13 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 59 deaths of Swiss citizens and 13 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration,

6798-429: The greatest minds of the West , including such eminent figures as Johann Eck , Max Weber , Edmund Husserl , Martin Heidegger , and Friedrich Hayek , it is one of Europe's top research and teaching institutions. Freiburg also plays host to various other educational and research institutes, such as the Freiburg University of Education, the Protestant University for Applied Sciences Freiburg , Freiburg Music Academy ,

6901-423: The households in this small community. Because of its scenic beauty, relatively warm and sunny climate, and easy access to the Black Forest , Freiburg is a hub for regional tourism . In 2010, Freiburg was voted as the Academy of Urbanism's European City of the Year in recognition of the exemplary sustainable urbanism it has implemented over the past several decades. The longest cable car run in Germany, which

7004-430: The land. In 1273 he pledged the village to the Lords of Ramstein in exchange for a loan. The Bishops of Basel did not get the village back until 1435. After that Arlesheim belonged to the Bishop's Herrschaft of Birseck. The inhabitants were initially part of the parish of Pfeffingen . However, by 1341 they possessed a parish church and by 1396 their own pastor . This parish church, the church of St.   Odilia,

7107-412: The municipal area, with a concentration at Dachsenhöhle and Kleinen Höhle am Hohlefels that were excavated in 1952–1954 by Martin Herkert, Bernhard Hesse, and Andreas Schwabe. In the Kleinen Höhle, skeletal remains of children with grave goods as well as a typological flint spear points were also found. Horgen culture (around 3000   BC) ceramic vessels have also been found. From the Bronze Age , only

7210-413: The municipality and 3,045 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.2 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 11.8% of the workforce coming into Arlesheim are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.3% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 31.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 35.9% used

7313-415: The municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 1,198. There were 211 single room apartments and 1,177 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 3,721 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 265 apartments (6.5%) were seasonally occupied and 122 apartments (3.0%) were empty. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units

7416-542: The oldest hotel in Germany, is located along Oberlinden near the Swabian Gate. The Siegesdenkmal , or victory monument, is a monument to the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It is situated at the northern edge of the historic city center of Freiburg and was built by Karl Friedrich Moest . In everyday language of people living in Freiburg, it serves as an orientation marker or as

7519-608: The original building and the Jewish community which perished. The pavements of Freiburg carry memorials to individual victims, in the form of brass plates outside their former residences. There was a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust ) in the city. It was occupied by the French Army on 21 April 1945, and Freiburg was soon allotted to the French Zone of Occupation . In December 1945 Freiburg became

7622-400: The population of Swiss citizens decreased by 8 while the foreign population remained the same. There were 7 Swiss men and 8 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 13 non-Swiss men and 30 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was

7725-558: The population was Catholic, while 38% were Reformed. After 1960 Arlesheim developed into a residential community for the agglomeration of Basel. In 1990 over two-thirds of the workers were commuters, and 77% of the jobs were in the services sector. The ensuing infrastructure problems, including overbuilding, led to a town planning ordinance of 1971 and redevelopment of the village square in 1987 and 1991. Arlesheim has an area, as of 2009, of 6.93 square kilometers (2.68 sq mi). Of this area, 0.65 km (0.25 sq mi) or 9.4%

7828-522: The population) did not answer the question. Arlesheim sits on the Basel–Biel/Bienne line and is served by local trains at Dornach-Arlesheim . It is also served by Line 10 of the Basel tramway network . In Arlesheim about 3,246 or (37.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 1,950 or (22.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or

7931-461: The population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 13 individuals (or about 0.15% of the population) who were Jewish , and 282 (or about 3.27% of the population) who were Muslim . There were 11 individuals who were Buddhist , 38 individuals who were Hindu and 9 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,553 (or about 18.00% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 325 individuals (or about 3.77% of

8034-484: The principles of sustainability . The city is also home to a branch of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection , as well as solar industry and research. The citizens of Freiburg are known in Germany for their love of cycling and recycling . Freiburg is host to a number of international organisations , in particular, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, International Solar Energy Society , and

8137-566: The protection of the Habsburgs , who allowed the city to retain a large measure of freedom. Most of the nobles of the city died in the battle of Sempach (1386). The patrician family Schnewlin took control of the city until the guildsmen revolted. The guilds became more powerful than the patricians by 1389. The silver mines in Mount Schauinsland provided an important source of capital for Freiburg. This silver made Freiburg one of

8240-546: The railway station, killing 57 people, most of them civilians and including 22 children. This was reported by the official German news agency as an attack by the Western Allies, and retaliation against them was threatened. The Freiburg police commander subsequently established that the bombs were German, but the full story was not published until many years later. On 27 November 1944, a raid by more than 300 bombers of RAF Bomber Command ( Operation Tigerfish ) destroyed

8343-489: The remaining Baden and Freiburg Jews were transferred to Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland , where almost all were murdered. A living memorial has been created in the form of the 'footprint' in marble on the site of the city's original synagogue , which was burned down on 9 November 1938, during the pogrom known as Kristallnacht . The memorial is a fountain and contains a bronze plaque commemorating

8446-403: The repair of motor vehicles, 469 or 13.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 94 or 2.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 68 or 2.0% were in the information industry, 77 or 2.2% were the insurance or financial industry, 256 or 7.4% were technical professionals or scientists, 136 or 3.9% were in education and 835 or 24.1% were in health care. In 2000, there were 3,548 workers who commuted into

8549-606: The richest cities in Europe, and in 1327 Freiburg minted its own coin, the Rappenpfennig . In 1377 the cities of Freiburg, Basel , Colmar , and Breisach entered into a monetary alliance known as the Genossenschaft des Rappenpfennigs (Rappenpfennig Collective). This alliance facilitated commerce among the cities and lasted until the end of the sixteenth century. There were 8,000–9,000 people living in Freiburg between

8652-635: The river, it has grown to become part of the Agglomeration of Basel. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Wing Azure . Arlesheim has a population (as of June 2021) of 9,240. As of 2008, 18.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last ten years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 6.2%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (7,428 or 86.1%), with Italian being second most common (283 or 3.3%) and French being third (167 or 1.9%). There are 16 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008,

8755-435: The seat of government for the German state of Baden , which was merged into Baden-Württemberg in 1952. The French Army maintained a presence in Freiburg until 1991, when the last French Army division left the city, and left Germany. On the site of the former French Army base, a new neighborhood for 5,000 people, Vauban , began in the late 1990s as a "sustainable model district". Solar power provides electricity to many of

8858-557: The senior population, 1,454 people, or 16.2% of the population, are between 65 and 79 years old, and 580 people, or 6.5%, are over 80. As of 2000, there were 3,388 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 4,192 married individuals, 537 widows or widowers, and 511 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 3,830 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 1,354 households that consist of only one person and 180 households with five or more people. Out of

8961-515: The sermon and prayers, are usually in Swiss Standard German. Generally in any educational setting Swiss Standard German is used (during lessons, lectures or tutorials). However, outside of lessons Swiss-German dialects are used, even when, for example, talking to a teacher about the class. The situations in which Swiss Standard German is spoken are characteristically formal and public, and there are situations where written communication

9064-458: The site of an older parish church. Begun in the Romanesque style, it was continued and completed 1513 for the most part as a Gothic edifice. In 1218, when Bertold V died, then Egino V von Urach, the count of Urach assumed the title of Freiburg's count as Egino I von Freiburg. The city council did not trust the new nobles and wrote down its established rights in a document. At the end of

9167-601: The south of the Upper Rhine Plain . Its city limits reach from the Schauinsland summit (1,284 metres (4,213 ft)) in the Black Forest to 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the French border, while Switzerland is 42 kilometres (26 mi) to the south. The city is situated in the major wine-growing region of Baden and, together with Offenburg , serves as a tourist entry-point to the scenic Black Forest . According to meteorological statistics, Freiburg held

9270-672: The surrounding land ruled by the Margrave of Baden became Protestant as a result of the Reformation. The city was part of the Diocese of Konstanz until 1821. That same year, Freiburg became an episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg . Due to a dispute between the government of Baden and the Holy See , the archbishop officially took office in 1827. The borders of the archdiocese correspond with

9373-477: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and 30 churches and monasteries. At the end of the fourteenth century the veins of silver were dwindling, and by 1460 only approximately 6,000 people still lived within Freiburg's city walls . A university city, Freiburg evolved from its focus on mining to become a cultural centre for the arts and sciences. It was also a commercial center. The end of the Middle Ages and

9476-719: The thirteenth century there was a feud between the citizens of Freiburg and their lord, Count Egino II of Freiburg. Egino II raised taxes and sought to limit the citizens' freedom, after which the Freiburgers used catapults to destroy the count's castle atop the Schloßberg , a hill that overlooks the city center. The furious count called on his brother-in-law the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg , Conrad of Lichtenberg , for help. The bishop responded by marching with his army to Freiburg. According to an old Freiburg legend,

9579-581: The title of metropolitan and the German headquarters of the link to Caritas Germany is in Freiburg. Saint George (the flag of Freiburg has the cross of George), Lambert of Maastricht and the catacomb saint, Alexander , are the patron saints of Freiburg. Many works of art depicting these saints are in the Freiburg Minster, on the Minster square, just as in the museums and archives of the city, including some by Hans Baldung Grien , Hans Holbein

9682-404: The total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 4,213. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 9, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 743, of which 479 or (64.5%) were in manufacturing and 236 (31.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3,461. In the tertiary sector; 1,121 or 32.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or

9785-496: The total) out of a total of 1,756 inhabited buildings. There were 368 multi-family buildings (21.0%), along with 226 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (12.9%) and 123 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (7.0%). Of the single family homes 104 were built before 1919, while 136 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (225) were built between 1946 and 1960. In 2000 there were 4,108 apartments in

9888-400: The town. Under the same artistic concept, and initially led by Franz Demess, the cathedral was built in 1679–1681. This was followed by the magnificent Domherrenhäuser which was built between 1680 and 1687. These new buildings made Arlesheim an attractive place for nobles, high clergy, diplomats, artists, and craftsmen. The court life of the canons also promoted indigenous craftsmen. In 1726

9991-472: The various dialects of Swiss German, they are occasionally written, but their written usage is mostly restricted to informal situations such as private text messages , e-mails , letters , notes, or within social media such as Facebook . The ability of German Swiss to transliterate their language into writing is an integral and important part of the identity and culture of German-speaking Switzerland. The default spoken language in German-speaking Switzerland

10094-457: The warmest within Germany. Winters are moderate but usually with some frosts at night. More year-round rain occurs here than in the Rhine plateau. The city is close to the Kaiserstuhl , a range of hills of volcanic origin located a few kilometers away, which is one of the warmest places in Germany and therefore considered as a viticultural area. The Freiburg im Breisgau weather station has recorded

10197-423: Was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2000 the average price to rent a two-room apartment was about 911.00 CHF (US$ 730, £410, €580), a three-room apartment was about 1153.00 CHF (US$ 920, £520, €740) and a four-room apartment cost an average of 1454.00 CHF (US$ 1160, £650, €930). The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 0.7%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Andlauerhof,

10300-517: Was discovered in 1910 by Fritz Sartorius-Preiswerk, and Hollenberg   3 was discovered in 1950 by Martin Herkert. The caves contained traces of fires, spear points carved from reindeer antler , and pendants made from snail and mussel shells. From the end of the Palaeolithic era, Birseck–Ermitage cave contains galets colori , red-stripe-like painted limestone pebbles, and flint tools. From

10403-529: Was founded by Konrad and Duke Berthold III of the House of Zähringen in 1120 as a free market town; hence its name, which translates to "free (or independent) town". Frei means "free", and Burg , like the modern English word " borough ", was used in those days for an incorporated city or town, usually one with some degree of autonomy. The German word Burg also means "a fortified town", as in Hamburg . Thus, it

10506-501: Was officially reaffirmed by King Sigismund with a ban for life (orig. German: “Ewige Vertreibung”) in 1424. Not until 1809 were Jews again allowed permanent residence within the city. They subsequently founded a Jewish community in 1836. At the Kristallnacht in 1938, the synagogue, built in 1870, was set afire. Numerous shops and apartments of Jewish citizens of Freiburg were devastated and plundered by National Socialists without

10609-462: Was rebuilt in the late 17th   century and demolished in 1816. While Arlesheim was probably under the influence of Basel through the counts of Birseck, it never entered into a Burgrecht treaty with the city. Despite Arlesheim's loose connection with Basel, it converted to the new Protestant faith in 1528 when Basel converted. About half a century later, in 1582, the Bishop of Basel, Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee , succeeded in spreading

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