Arroba is a Portuguese and Spanish custom unit of weight, mass or volume. Its symbol is @ .
19-609: The word arroba has its origin in Arabic ar-rubʿ (الربع) or "quarter," specifically the fourth part (of a quintal ), which defined the average load which a donkey could carry. In weight it was equal to 32 pounds (14.7 kg) in Portugal and 25 pounds (11.5 kg) in Spain. The unit is still used in Portugal and Spain by cork merchants and pig farmers. Arroba and bushel as weight units are similar (15 kg). The unit
38-500: A measure of 100 kg is named a Doppelzentner . In Italy, the quintale is commonly used to refer to 100 kg and is abbreviated to q , but the usage is considered informal and is not considered legally valid since 1990. Common agricultural units used in the Soviet Union were the 100 kg tsentner ( центнер ) and the term " tsentner per hectare ". These are still used by countries that were part of
57-440: A measure of 100 kg is named a Doppelzentner . In Italy, the quintale is commonly used to refer to 100 kg and is abbreviated to q , but the usage is considered informal and is not considered legally valid since 1990. Common agricultural units used in the Soviet Union were the 100 kg tsentner ( центнер ) and the term " tsentner per hectare ". These are still used by countries that were part of
76-607: Is a traditional unit of weight in France, Portugal, and Spain and their former colonies. It is commonly used for grain prices in wholesale markets in Ethiopia, Eritrea and India, where 1 quintal = 100 kg (220 lb). In British English , it referred to the hundredweight ; in American English , it formerly referred to an uncommon measurement of 100 kg (220 lb). Languages drawing its cognate name for
95-573: Is still defined as 100 libras , or about 46 kg (101 lb), but the metric quintal is also defined as 100 kg; In Portugal a quintal is 128 arráteis or about 58.75 kg (130 lb). The German Zentner and the Danish centner are pound-based, and thus since metrication are defined as 50 kg (110 lb), whereas the Austrian and Swiss Zentner since metrication has been re-defined as 100 kg. In Germany
114-858: Is still used in Brazil by the agricultural sector, mainly in the cotton and cattle business. The modern metric arroba used in these countries in everyday life is defined as 15 kilograms (33 lb). In Colombia , Ecuador , and Peru the arroba is equivalent to 12.5 kilograms (28 lb). In Bolivia nationally it is equivalent to 30.46 litres (6.70 imp gal; 8.05 US gal). However locally there are many different values, ranging from 11.5 litres (2.5 imp gal; 3.0 US gal) in Inquisivi to 16 litres (3.5 imp gal; 4.2 US gal) in Baures . In Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries, " arroba " has continued as
133-481: The quintal is still defined as 100 libras , or about 46 kg (101 lb), but the metric quintal is also defined as 100 kg; In Portugal a quintal is 128 arráteis or about 58.75 kg (130 lb). The German Zentner and the Danish centner are pound-based, and thus since metrication are defined as 50 kg (110 lb), whereas the Austrian and Swiss Zentner since metrication has been re-defined as 100 kg. In Germany
152-584: The British hundredweight (8 stone or 112 pounds [50.80 kg]) and the American hundredweight (100 pounds [45.36 kg]), as their cognate form of quintal or centner . The concept has resulted in two different series of masses: Those based on the local pound (which after metrication was considered equivalent to 0.5 kg (1.1 lb), and those uprated to being based on the kilogram. In Albania ( kuintal ), Ethiopia ( kuntal ), and India ,
171-401: The hundredweight ; in American English , it formerly referred to an uncommon measurement of 100 kg (220 lb). Languages drawing its cognate name for the weight from Romance languages include French, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish quintal , Italian quintale , Esperanto kvintalo , Polish kwintal . Languages taking their cognates from Germanicized centner include
190-406: The 100 kg (220 lb) definition may have been introduced via Islamic trade. It is a standard measurement of mass for agricultural products in those countries. In France it used to be defined as 100 livres (pounds), about 48.95 kg (108 lb), and has been redefined as 100 kg ( mesures usuelles ), thus called metric quintal with symbol qq . In Spain , the quintal
209-551: The German Zentner , Lithuanian centneris , Swedish centner , Polish cetnar , Russian and Ukrainian центнер ( tsentner ) and Estonian tsentner . Many European languages have come to translate both the British hundredweight (8 stone or 112 pounds [50.80 kg]) and the American hundredweight (100 pounds [45.36 kg]), as their cognate form of quintal or centner . The concept has resulted in two different series of masses: Those based on
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#1732780480651228-583: The Soviet Union. In English both terms quintal and centner were once alternative names for the hundredweight and thus defined either as 100 lb (exactly 45.359237 kg) or as 112 lb (50.80 kg). Also, in the Dominican Republic it is about 125 lb (56.70 kg). The German Zentner was introduced to the English language via Hanseatic trade as a measure of
247-399: The Soviet Union. In English both terms quintal and centner were once alternative names for the hundredweight and thus defined either as 100 lb (exactly 45.359237 kg) or as 112 lb (50.80 kg). Also, in the Dominican Republic it is about 125 lb (56.70 kg). The German Zentner was introduced to the English language via Hanseatic trade as a measure of
266-606: The local pound (which after metrication was considered equivalent to 0.5 kg (1.1 lb), and those uprated to being based on the kilogram. In Albania ( kuintal ), Ethiopia ( kuntal ), and India , the 100 kg (220 lb) definition may have been introduced via Islamic trade. It is a standard measurement of mass for agricultural products in those countries. In France it used to be defined as 100 livres (pounds), about 48.95 kg (108 lb), and has been redefined as 100 kg ( mesures usuelles ), thus called metric quintal with symbol qq . In Spain ,
285-487: The statute. In France, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Indonesia, and India, it is still in daily use by farmers. It is also used in Brazil and other South American countries and in some African countries including Angola . Centner The quintal or centner is a historical unit of mass in many countries which is usually defined as 100 base units, such as pounds or kilograms . It
304-462: The weight from Romance languages include French, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish quintal , Italian quintale , Esperanto kvintalo , Polish kwintal . Languages taking their cognates from Germanicized centner include the German Zentner , Lithuanian centneris , Swedish centner , Polish cetnar , Russian and Ukrainian центнер ( tsentner ) and Estonian tsentner . Many European languages have come to translate both
323-630: The weight of certain crops including hops for beer production. Commonly used in the Dominion (and later province) of Newfoundland up until the 1960s as a measure for 112 lb (51 kg) of salt cod. The quintal was defined in the United States in 1866 as 100 kg (220 lb). However, it is no longer used in the United States or by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), though it still appears in
342-443: The weight of certain crops including hops for beer production. Commonly used in the Dominion (and later province) of Newfoundland up until the 1960s as a measure for 112 lb (51 kg) of salt cod. The quintal was defined in the United States in 1866 as 100 kg (220 lb). However, it is no longer used in the United States or by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), though it still appears in
361-611: The word for the "@" symbol used in Internet email addresses and other messaging and collaboration software. Quintal The quintal or centner is a historical unit of mass in many countries which is usually defined as 100 base units, such as pounds or kilograms . It is a traditional unit of weight in France, Portugal, and Spain and their former colonies. It is commonly used for grain prices in wholesale markets in Ethiopia, Eritrea and India, where 1 quintal = 100 kg (220 lb). In British English , it referred to
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