The Treaty of Turkmenchay ( Persian : عهدنامه ترکمانچای , romanized : Ahdnāme-ye Torkmânčây ; Russian : Туркманчайский договор , romanized : Turkmanchayskiy dogovor ) was an agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire , which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) . It was second of the series of treaties (the first was the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan and the last, the 1881 Treaty of Akhal ) signed between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia that forced Persia to cede or recognize Russian influence over the territories that formerly were part of Iran .
22-826: Astara may refer to: Places in Iran [ edit ] Astara, Iran , a city in Gilan Province Astara County , in Gilan Province Astara (electoral district) , in Gilan Province Astara, East Azerbaijan , a village Places in Azerbaijan [ edit ] Astara District Astara, Azerbaijan , capital of Astara Rayon Other uses [ edit ] Kristin Astara , an American wrestler [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
44-764: A constituent republic within the Russian Federation to this day. Comprising most of the territory ceded in Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties, three separate nations would gain independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991: Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. By virtue of the 15th term of the Treaty of Turkmenchay, Armenians from the Azerbaijan Province were given the freedom to emigrate to Russian-controlled territory north of
66-467: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Astara, Iran Astara ( Persian : آستارا ; pronounced [ɒstaɾɒ] ) is a city in the Central District of Astara County , Gilan province, Iran , serving as the capital of both the county and the district. It lies on the border with Azerbaijan Republic and on
88-526: Is home to one of the first libraries established in the country. Astara has various attractions and is considered a major tourist destination for Iranians and foreigners, especially those from the Caucasus . The city has a selection of beaches and is near to a Temperate rainforest . Annually over six million Iranians, and six hundred thousand foreigners visit the city. The most popular beaches in this city are Shariati park and Sadaf beach. Shariati beach park
110-544: Is located in the city, and Sadaf beach is 7 kilometers from Astara city [REDACTED] Media related to Astara, Iran at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Iran portal Treaty of Turkmenchay The treaty was signed on 21 February 1828 (5 Sha'ban 1243) in Torkamanchay (a village between Tabriz and Tehran ). It made Persia cede the control of several areas in the South Caucasus to Russia:
132-554: The Aras River , such as the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan, were Iranian until they were occupied by Russia during the 19th century. Following the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories came under Russian, and later Soviet control for approximately 180 years, where Dagestan remains a constituent republic within
154-590: The Aras River . In the period 1828–1831 following Russia's annexation, 45,000 Armenians from Iran and 100,000 from the Ottoman Empire immigrated to Russian Armenia . Beginning in October 1829, 7,668 families immigrated to Russian Armenia; ultimately, 14,047 families consisting of 90,000–100,000 people had immigrated. In the aftermath of the war and the signing of the treaty, anti-Russian sentiment in Persia
176-584: The Cambridge History of Iran : Even when rulers on the plateau lacked the means to effect suzerainty beyond the Aras, the neighboring Khanates were still regarded as Iranian dependencies. Naturally, it was those Khanates located closest to the province of Āzarbāījān which most frequently experienced attempts to re-impose Iranian suzerainty: the Khanates of Erivan , Nakhchivān and Qarābāgh across
198-568: The Caspian Sea . It is an important border trade center between Iran and the Caucasus . The earliest mention, under the name Astārāb , comes in the Ḥodūd al-ʿālam , written toward the end of the 10th century. In the 14th century, Astara became the seat of the small principality of the Esfahbad or Espahbad (-bod) of Gīlān . From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the Ṭālešī Khans of Āstārā were either autonomous or nominally subordinate to
220-814: The Erivan Khanate , the Nakhchivan Khanate and the remainder of the Talysh Khanate . The boundary between Russia and Persia was set at the Aras River . These territories are now Armenia , the south of the Republic of Azerbaijan , Nakhchivan and Iğdır Province (now part of Turkey ). The treaty was signed for Persia by the Crown Prince Abbas Mirza and Allah-Yar Khan Asaf al-Daula, chancellor to Shah Fath Ali , and for Russia by General Ivan Paskievich . Similarly to
242-588: The Russian Federation to this day. Comprising most of the territory ceded in the Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties, three separate nations would gain independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991: namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. The terms of the treaty are as follow Article 15 provided for the resettlement of Armenians from Iranian Azerbaijan to the Caucasus, which also included an outright liberation of Armenians taken captive by Persia since 1804 or 1795. This resettlement replaced
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#1732782658021264-533: The 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, the treaty was imposed on Persia following a Russian military victory. Paskievich threatened to occupy Tehran in five days unless the treaty was signed. Following this treaty, as well as the Treaty of Gulistan, Russia completed its conquest of the Caucasian territories from Qajar Iran; what is now Dagestan , eastern Georgia , Azerbaijan , and Armenia , all of which had formed part of its very concept for centuries. The areas north of
286-545: The 20,000 Armenians who moved to Georgia between 1795 and 1827. According to Prof. Alexander Mikaberidze: Under article 4 of the treaty, Iran ceded sovereignty over the Khanates of Yerevan, Nakchivan, Talysh, Ordubad, and Mughan in addition to regions that Russia had annexed under the Treaty of Gulistan (1813). The Aras River was declared the new border between Iran and Russia. In articles 6–8, Iran agreed to pay reparations of 20 million rubles in silver and transferred to Russia
308-615: The Aras, and the cis-Aras Khanate of Ṭālish, with its administrative headquarters located at Lankarān and therefore very vulnerable to pressure, either from the direction of Tabrīz or Rasht. Beyond the Khanate of Qarābāgh, the Khān of Ganja and the Vāli of Gurjistān (ruler of the Kartli-Kakheti kingdom of south-east Georgia), although less accessible for purposes of coercion, were also regarded as
330-561: The Shah's vassals, as were the Khāns of Shakki and Shīrvān, north of the Kura river. The contacts between Iran and the Khanates of Bākū and Qubba, however, were more tenuous and consisted mainly of maritime commercial links with Anzalī and Rasht. The effectiveness of these somewhat haphazard assertions of suzerainty depended on the ability of a particular Shah to make his will felt, and the determination of
352-576: The city's population was 40,664 in 11,436 households. The following census in 2011 counted 48,470 people in 14,639 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 51,579 people in 16,696 households. Astara has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa , Trewartha : Cf ), with relatively cold, wet winters and warm, humid summers. It has the most precipitation days than any other cities in Iran. Rice has been cultivated in this region for many years, where some indigenous cultivars (landrace) were conventionally bred by farmers. Astara
374-538: The exclusive rights to maintain a Caspian fleet. In addition, the capitulatory rights guaranteed Russia preferential treatment for its exports, which generally were not competitive in European markets. In article 10, the shah recognized Russia's right to send consulate envoys to anywhere in Iran. The Treaty of Turkmenchay was the definite acknowledgement of the Persian loss of the Caucasus region to Russia. According to
396-623: The governors of Gīlān or Ardabīl ; on several occasions they played an important role in the history of the Caspian provinces. According to Minorsky , we do not know whether the later governors of Astara still continued the line of the Ispahbads. Even after the conquest of Northern Tālish by the Russians (1813) the family of the Tālish-khans retained certain rights. Astara was part of
418-668: The local khans to evade obligations they regarded as onerous. In combination with the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, some authors have claimed that the two resulting Iranian territorial cessions separated the Azerbaijani people and the Talysh people from their brethren in Iran. Following the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories came under the Russian, and later the Soviet control for approximately 180 years, and Dagestan remains
440-424: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astara&oldid=1155252023 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
462-472: The short lived Talysh Khanate in the 18th and 19th centuries, and for a short while it was the capital of the Khanate before it was moved to Lankaran . In 1828, with the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay , Astara was split into two. The city of Astara in Azerbaijan is located just across the Astarachay River. Linguistic composition of the city. At the time of the 2006 National Census,
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#1732782658021484-456: Was rampant. On 11 February 1829, an angry mob stormed the Russian embassy in Tehran and killed almost everyone inside. Among those killed in the massacre was the newly-appointed ambassador to Persia, Aleksander Griboyedov , a celebrated Russian playwright. Griboyedov had played an active role in negotiating the terms of the treaty. As a sign of his apology for the murder of the Russian ambasador,
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