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40-467: Aschersleben lies near the confluence of the rivers Eine and Wipper . The town Aschersleben consists of Aschersleben proper and the following Ortschaften or municipal divisions: Aschersleben was first mentioned in 753, making it the oldest town of Saxony-Anhalt. The Latin name of the town's castle, Ascharia , provided the name of the House of Ascania . It obtained municipal status in 1266 and achieved

80-582: A group of other notable Jugendstil artists, including ( Hermann Muthesius , Theodor Fischer , Josef Hoffmann , Joseph Maria Olbrich , Bruno Paul , Richard Riemerschmid , and Fritz Schumacher , created the Deutscher Werkbund . Modeled after the Arts and Crafts movement in England, its goal was to improve and modernize the design of industrial products and everyday objects. He first major project

120-601: A major part in the emergence of modern architecture . The architect and designer Peter Behrens (1868–1940) was a key figure in the final years of the Jugendstil , and in the transition to modern architecture. Born in Hamburg , where he studied painting, Behrens moved to Munich in 1890 and worked as a painter, illustrator and bookbinder. In 1890, he was one of the founders of the Munich Secession . In 1899, he

160-1016: A new career in Dresden in 1897, with a display at the Dresden Exposition of decorative arts. His work became known in Germany through decorative arts journals, and he received several commissions for interiors in Berlin, for a villa in Chemnitz , the Folkwang Museum in Hagen , and the Nietzsche House in Weimar for Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche , the sister of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche . He settled in Weimar in 1899 and produced

200-619: A river in Saxony-Anhalt is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jugendstil Jugendstil ( German pronunciation: [ˈjuːɡn̩tˌstiːl] ; "Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts , that was influential primarily in Germany and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German counterpart of Art Nouveau . The members of

240-649: A soap factory, Gustav Carl Kuntze (1852–1923) and his brother Emil Robert Kuntze (1860–1930) who lived in the street where it was erected. The place named after a former medieval city gate which was demolished is called "Vor dem Hohen Tor". Herrenbreite is the largest park in the town center. It was laid out in the 15th century as shooting-grounds and restructured in 2010 when the Landesgartenschau Exhibition took place in Saxony Anhalt. There are various fountains, sculptures and memorials in

280-549: A subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp was located in the town. It was established to provide slave labour for Junkers (aircraft) and Motorenwerk (automotive). Aschersleben suffered considerable bomb damage from 1940 to 1945, especially on 31 May 1945 when the railway station, several factories and the residential area Johannisvorstadt were destroyed. About 20% of the town were destroyed during nine air raids. Since July 1944 about 950 KZ prisoners were forced to work at

320-500: A type face often used in Jugendstil . Another important German graphic artist was Josef Rudolf Witzel (1867–1925), who produced many early covers for Jugend , with curving, floral forms which helped shape the style. The magazine Simplicissimus , published in Munich, was also noted for its Jugendstil graphics, as well as for the modern writers it presented, including Thomas Mann and Rainer Maria Rilke . Important illustrators for

360-553: A wide variety of decorative works, including silverware and ceramics, all in strikingly original forms. His silverware was particularly unusual: each piece had its own form, with sleek curving lines, but together they formed a harmonious ensemble. In 1902, he decorated the apartment of Count Harry Kessler , a prominent patron of the Impressionist painters. In 1905, with the patronage of the Grand Duke of Weimar, he created

400-470: Is a Roman Catholic church which was built around 1100 and mentioned in a document in 1303 for the first time. In 1410 it burnt down and was not rebuilt before 1586. Its baptismal font dates from 1587. Sometimes it is called Marktkirche (Market Church) or Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche (Church of the Holy Cross) There are few half-timbered buildings in the old town of Aschersleben. The reasons for this

440-424: Is a remarkable collection of Jugendstil buildings created beginning in 1899 by Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse , a grandson of Queen Victoria, to promote both commerce and the arts. He brought together a group of designers to create his new community, including Peter Behrens , Hans Christiansen , and Joseph Maria Olbrich . The Colony architecture represented a complete break with the earlier floral style, and

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480-537: Is dominated by romanesque ( Grauer Hof ), gothic (St. Stephani Church), renaissance (Town hall, Krukmannsches Haus ) and baroque architecture . There is a ring of buildings in neoclassical and Jugendstil styles around the historic Old Town. This, in turn, is surrounded and interspersed with buildings of early modernism like the Heckner-Bauten and buildings from the GDR era. Large new areas are mainly in

520-415: Is the availability of good stone material and the absence of large forests in the vicinity, as well as numerous fires before the 16th century. Nevertheless, there are numerous buildings, which are partly half-timbered, usually the upper floors. One of the oldest buildings is Lederer Bräustübl , a former brewery which was built in 1512 and enlarged in 1600 when a renaissance oriel window with stone carvings

560-509: The 19th century. Several towers were demolished as well, but out of 51 towers and bastions there are still 15 existing. The eleven towers which can be visited are the following: St. Stephani Church is a Protestant church which was built in the 14th century in a gothic style with three naves. It is close to the Town Hall dating from 1517 to which various oriel windows and wings were added in the 19th and 20th centuries. St. Margarethen Church

600-863: The Eine are the Wiebeck, the Leine, the Schwennecke, the Mukarehne and the Langetalbach. Southeast of Aschersleben the Eine discharges into the Wipper at an elevation of 93.7 metres (307 ft) above sea level. The Eine gives its name to the Wipper-Eine collective municipality. This Harz district location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

640-513: The German state of Saxony-Anhalt , which rises southeast of Harzgerode in the Harz mountains at 420 metres (1,380 ft) above sea level . The Eine flows north of the B 242 federal road to Friedrichsrode in an easterly direction and then swings northeast into the Harz Foreland. The river channel runs through Alterode , Welbsleben and Westdorf to Aschersleben . The tributaries of

680-577: The Grand Ducal School of Arts and Crafts in Weimar. He created a showcase of applied arts for the Dresden Exposition of Applied Arts in 1906, decorated with paintings by Ludwig von Hofmann , intended as the main room of a new museum of decoration in Weimar. He transposed the characteristics of his silverware, dishes, and furniture into the architecture. Van de Velde left off the curling vegetal lines of Art Nouveau decoration and replaced them with much simpler, more stylized curves which were part of

720-651: The Junkers Flugzeugwerke in Aschersleben. In April 1945 the production was ceased. On 17 April U.S. forces occupied Aschersleben, but on 23 May the town was handed over to the British forces and later on 1 July it was finally handed over to the Soviets. Aschersleben was bombed on the following dates during the war: At the end of World War II Junkers-Aschersleben was mostly intact and the production

760-539: The former municipalities of Drohndorf , Freckleben and Mehringen were incorporated into Aschersleben. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Groß Schierstedt , Neu Königsaue , Schackenthal and Westdorf were absorbed, and the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Aschersleben/Land was disbanded. On 1 January 2010 Schackstedt was incorporated. Several architectural styles are represented in Aschersleben. The historic centre

800-658: The founding of an association of visual artists in 1892, which broke away from the more formal historical and academic styles of the Academy. Georg Hirth chose the name Munich Secession for the association. Later, the Vienna Secession , founded in 1897 and the Berlin Secession took their own names from the Munich group. The journal of the group, Jugend , begun in 1896, along with another Munich publication, Simplicissimus and Pan in Berlin, became

840-522: The imaginative details of the decoration, in spirals and curling forms, The most prominent graphic artist was Otto Eckmann , who produced numerous illustrations for the movement's journal Jugend , in a sinuous, floral style that was similar to the French style. He also created a type style based upon Japanese calligraphy. Joseph Sattler was another graphic artist who contributed to the style through another artistic journal called Pan . Sattler designed

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880-545: The magazine included Thomas Theodor Heine . The ideal of designers of the Jugendstil was to make a house a complete work of art, with everything inside, from the furniture to the carpets and the dishware, silverware and the art, in perfect harmony. With this ideal in mind, they established their own workshops to produce furniture. August Endell , Theodor Fischer , Bruno Paul , and especially Richard Riemerschmid were important figures in Jugendstil furniture. Metallwarenfabrik Straub & Schweizer (WMF) was, by 1900,

920-515: The most visible showcases of the new style. The leading figures of this movement, including Peter Behrens , Bernhard Pankok , and Richard Riemerschmid , as well as the majority of the founding members of the Munich Secession, all provided illustrations to Jugend . In the beginning, the style was used primarily in illustrations and graphic arts. Jugendstil combined floral decoration and sinuous curves with more geometric lines, and soon

960-708: The movement included the Swiss graphic artist Hermann Obrist , Otto Eckmann , and the Belgian architect and decorator Henry van de Velde . In its earlier years, the style was influenced by the British Modern Style . It was also influenced by Japanese prints. Later, under the Secessionists ' influence, it tended toward abstraction and more geometrical forms. The movement had its origins in Munich with

1000-560: The movement were reacting against the historicism and neo-classicism of the official art and architecture academies. It took its name from the art journal Jugend , founded by the German artist Georg Hirth . It was especially active in the graphic arts and interior decoration. Its major centers of activity were Munich and Weimar and the Darmstadt Artists' Colony founded in Darmstadt in 1901. Important figures of

1040-428: The north and south-east of the town. Aschersleben is one of few German towns showing large segments (1.8 km) of the medieval city wall (originall 2.2 km) preserved through the centuries, although often integrated into later residential buildings. The city wall defines a promenade ring around the historic Old Town. Originally there were five gates in the city wall, but all but one (Johannistor) were demolished in

1080-622: The park. The most famous sculpture is the Moon Sculpture dating from 2010. Aschersleben is twinned with: Wendell Lewis Willkie (1892–1944) was the Republican Party (GOP) nominee for the 1940 presidential election . Born Lewis Wendell Willkie in Elwood, Indiana, he was the son of Herman Willkie, a German immigrant from Aschersleben. Eine (river) The Eine is a river, just under 40 kilometres (25 mi) long in

1120-549: The right to build a city wall with defense towers in 1322. Nearly the whole medieval city wall is well-preserved and 15 towers can still be visited today. From 1252–1315 Aschersleben was the capital of Anhalt-Aschersleben , after which it passed to the Bishopric of Halberstadt . In 1426 Aschersleben became a member of the Hanseatic League and due to hop trade an economic boom started. The soil around Aschersleben

1160-495: The structure of his buildings and decorative works. The importance of Weimar as a cultural center of the Jugendstil was ended in 1906, when its main patron, Count Harry Kessler, commissioned Rodin to make a nude statue for the Grand Duke. The Grand Duke was scandalized, and Kessler was forced to resign. The Weimar school of design lost its importance until 1919, when it returned as the Bauhaus under Walter Gropius , and played

1200-438: The symbol of the entire movement. Another prominent designer in the style was Richard Riemerschmid , who made furniture, pottery, and other decorative objects in a sober, geometric style that pointed forward toward Art Deco . The Swiss artist Hermann Obrist , living in Munich, made designs with sinuous double curves, modeled after plants and flowers, which were a prominent motif of the early style. The Darmstadt Artists' Colony

1240-464: Was AEG turbine factory in Berlin (1908–1909). Behren's assistants and students at this time included Mies van der Rohe , C. E. Jeanerette (the future Le Corbusier ), and Walter Gropius , the future head of the Bauhaus . The work of Behrens and the Werkbund effectively launched the transition from the Jugendstil to modernism in Germany, and the end of the Jugendstil . In Berlin, August Endell

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1280-410: Was added. Grauer Hof dating from the 12th century is considered to be the oldest house in town, and Krukmannsches Haus is a renaissance house built in 1572 the half-timbered upper floor of which was added later. One of the most interesting fountains is Kuntzebrunnen dating from 1904 which consists of a sandstone column, three candelabrums, four lions and four basins. It was donated by the owners of

1320-579: Was another important center of the Jugendstil , thanks largely to the Belgian architect and designer Henry van de Velde . Van de Velde had played an important role in the early Belgian Art Nouveau, building his own house and decorating it in Art Nouveau style, with the strong influence of the British Arts and Crafts Movement . He was a known in Germany for his work in Belgium and Paris, and began

1360-488: Was both editor of Pan magazine and a major figure in Jugendstil decoration, designing hotels and theaters, such as the interior of Buntes Theater in Berlin (1901), destroyed during World War II. He designed every detail of the interior down to the nails. with each room in a different color, and on a different theme. He also designed the Hackesche Höfe , a complex of buildings in the centre of Berlin, noted for

1400-508: Was invited to participate in the Darmstadt Artists' Colony , where he designed his own house and all of its contents, including the furniture, towels and dishes. After 1900 he became involved in industrial design and the reform of architecture to more functional forms. In 1902, he participated in the Turin International Exposition, one of the first major Europe-wide showcases of Art Nouveau. In 1907, Behrens and

1440-515: Was just changing for the production of the jet fighter Heinkel He 162 . Most installations were dismantled and transferred to Kiev in the Soviet Union by the Soviets in 1946. The remaining facility buildings at Aschersleben were later used by VEB Kombinat Fritz Heckert. Today the area is used by Schiess AG. Aschersleben was part of East Germany until 1990, when it became part of Saxony-Anhalt during German reunification . On 1 January 2008,

1480-490: Was located in Aschersleben during the time of Nazi Germany . In April 1935 tools were transferred to Aschersleben, and by May 1935 the first fuselages were built there. The facility was located in the Wilslebener Strasse 9 near the so-called Seewiesen, where an airfield was erected as well. The Aschersleben shop area reached 564,000 square metres and about 6,000 people were employed at it. During World War II ,

1520-611: Was much bolder in its design. Behrens and several of the other architects built their own houses there, and designed every detail, from the doorknobs to the dishes. The most impressive building of the Colony is the Ernst-Ludwig House, named for the Grand Duke, which contained the workshops of the artists. It was designed by Olbrich, with an entrance in the form of a three-quarter circle, flanked by two statues, Force and Beauty , by Ludwig Habich (1901). The city of Weimar

1560-481: Was used for covers of novels, advertisements, and exhibition posters. Designers often created original styles of typeface that worked harmoniously with the image, such as the Arnold Böcklin typeface created in 1904. Otto Eckmann was one of the most prominent German artists associated with both Jugend and Pan . His favourite animal was the swan, and so great was his influence that the swan came to serve as

1600-537: Was very good for cultivating hop, and a special market place ( Hopfenmarkt , Hop Market) was laid out for hop trade. In the centre of Aschersleben a place called Hopfenmarkt still exists today. After the 1648 Peace of Westphalia , it became part of the Principality of Halberstadt . Aschersleben became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony in 1815. A Junkers serial fuselage production facility

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