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75-426: Asola may refer to the following : Places and jurisdictions [ edit ] Asola, Lombardy , in the province of Mantua, northwestern Italy its collegiate cathedral Sant'Andrea was the 'see' of a single-parish Abbey nullius of Asola (1509-1818) Asola (Delhi) , in the district of South Delhi in the state of Delhi Asola, Vantaa  [ fi ] ,

150-747: A neoclassical style . Historical seat of the Circolo Filatelico Numismatico Città di Asola (Philatelic and Numismatic Club of Asola), since 2006 it has housed the Goffredo Bellini Civic Museum. Located in Via Garibaldi, it has a sober facade with the balcony from which Garibaldi looked out on April 28, 1862, to speak to the people of Asola. It is characterized inside by the presence of a large English garden that hides an icehouse below ground level. Located on Via Garibaldi, immediately after

225-526: A Celtiberian stronghold against Roman invasions. İt dates more than 2500 years back. The site was researched by Francisco Martins Sarmento starting from 1874. A number of amphoras (containers usually for wine or olive oil), coins, fragments of pottery, weapons, pieces of jewelry, as well as ruins of a bath and its pedra formosa ( lit.   ' handsome stone ' ) revealed here. The Iron Age in Central Asia began when iron objects appear among

300-699: A combination of bivalve moulds of distinct southern tradition and the incorporation of piece mould technology from the Zhongyuan . The products of the combination of these two periods are bells, vessels, weapons and ornaments, and the sophisticated cast. An Iron Age culture of the Tibetan Plateau has been associated tentatively with the Zhang Zhung culture described by early Tibetan writings. In Japan, iron items, such as tools, weapons, and decorative objects, are postulated to have entered Japan during

375-583: A district of Vantaa , Finland People [ edit ] Giammateo Asola (died 1609), Italian composer Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Asola . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asola&oldid=790394554 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

450-590: A fortified fortress is attested as early as the 12th century. In the aftermath of the Act of Dedication, Venice promoted an articulated program of fortification of the city that was implemented from 1458 to 1483, remaining virtually unchanged until Asola lost its primary role in the Republic 's military chessboard in favor of the defensive bulwark of Orzinuovi . The fortress thus remains unchanged in graphic representations in its irregular quadrilateral shape, whose perimeter

525-588: A loggia with slender columns. Located on Via Mazzini, it features typical neoclassical architecture . Count Paolo Tosio in 1825 commissioned architect Vantini to build the palace that was to house his picture gallery, now in Brescia. Instead, the palace became a boarding school in 1863, and its inscription still remains to remind us of its history. Since 2002 it has housed the offices of the ASL of Asola. The Ospedale di Asola, once an autonomous institution, now depends on

600-537: A universal "Bronze Age", and many areas transitioned directly from stone to iron. Some archaeologists believe that iron metallurgy was developed in sub-Saharan Africa independently from Eurasia and neighbouring parts of Northeast Africa as early as 2000 BC . The concept of the Iron Age ending with the beginning of the written historiographical record has not generalized well, as written language and steel use have developed at different times in different areas across

675-568: Is about 50 km (31 mi) from Brescia . Post- Risorgimento urban development has kept the elegance of the town center intact. The large Piazza XX Settembre, flanked by comfortable porticoes, is overlooked by the cathedral and the town hall; from here the main streets radiate out again. Asola's climate is typical of the upper Po Valley of the temperate subcontinental type: winters are moderately harsh, with little rain and foggy days; summers are hot and muggy with thunderstorm-like precipitation; springs and autumns are generally rainy. Asola

750-400: Is abundant naturally, temperatures above 1,250 °C (2,280 °F) are required to smelt it, impractical to achieve with the technology available commonly until the end of the second millennium BC. In contrast, the components of bronze—tin with a melting point of 231.9 °C (449.4 °F) and copper with a relatively moderate melting point of 1,085 °C (1,985 °F)—were within

825-669: Is also speculated that Early Iron Age sites may exist in Kandarodai , Matota, Pilapitiya and Tissamaharama . The earliest undisputed deciphered epigraphy found in the Indian subcontinent are the Edicts of Ashoka of the 3rd century BC, in the Brahmi script . Several inscriptions were thought to be pre-Ashokan by earlier scholars; these include the Piprahwa relic casket inscription,

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900-536: Is considered to last from c.  1200 BC (the Bronze Age collapse ) to c.  550 BC (or 539 BC ), roughly the beginning of historiography with Herodotus , marking the end of the proto-historical period. In China , because writing was developed first, there is no recognizable prehistoric period characterized by ironworking, and the Bronze Age China transitions almost directly into

975-488: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Asola, Lombardy In 1516, when it was part of the Republic of Venice , it was unsuccessfully besieged by the troops of the Austrian Maximilian I . The event is portrayed in a painting by Tintoretto , The Siege of Asola . The local civic museum is titled Museo Civico Goffredo Bellini. The comune

1050-512: Is diminutive of the Latin "Ansa," curve of the fiume Chiese near which the city was founded. Asola stands in an area frequented since prehistoric times , as evidenced by the finds preserved in the local museum. Finds from the Iron Age , a period characterized by the settlement of Celtic populations in the territory, are sporadic. Subsequently, the area is affected by Roman occupation around

1125-543: Is divided into two periods based on the Hallstatt culture (early Iron Age) and La Tène (late Iron Age) cultures. Material cultures of Hallstatt and La Tène consist of 4 phases (A, B, C, D). The Iron Age in Europe is characterized by an elaboration of designs of weapons, implements, and utensils. These are no longer cast but hammered into shape, and decoration is elaborate and curvilinear rather than simple rectilinear;

1200-873: Is from Malhar and its surrounding area. This site is assumed as the center for smelted bloomer iron to this area due to its location in the Karamnasa River and Ganga River. This site shows agricultural technology as iron implements sickles, nails, clamps, spearheads, etc., by at least c. 1500 BC. Archaeological excavations in Hyderabad show an Iron Age burial site. The beginning of the 1st millennium BC saw extensive developments in iron metallurgy in India. Technological advancement and mastery of iron metallurgy were achieved during this period of peaceful settlements. One ironworking centre in East India has been dated to

1275-556: Is likely that the use of ironware made of steel had already begun in the third millennium BC in Central Anatolia". Souckova-Siegolová (2001) shows that iron implements were made in Central Anatolia in very limited quantities about 1800 BC and were in general use by elites, though not by commoners, during the New Hittite Empire (≈1400–1200 BC). Similarly, recent archaeological remains of iron-working in

1350-626: Is recorded to extend 10 ha (25 acres) by 800 BC and grew to 50 ha (120 acres) by 700–600 BC to become a town. The skeletal remains of an Early Iron Age chief were excavated in Anaikoddai, Jaffna . The name "Ko Veta" is engraved in Brahmi script on a seal buried with the skeleton and is assigned by the excavators to the 3rd century BC. Ko, meaning "King" in Tamil, is comparable to such names as Ko Atan and Ko Putivira occurring in contemporary Brahmi inscriptions in south India. It

1425-515: Is singularly scarce in collections of Egyptian antiquities. Bronze remained the primary material there until the conquest by the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 671 BC. The explanation of this would seem to be that the relics are in most cases the paraphernalia of tombs, the funeral vessels and vases, and iron being considered an impure metal by the ancient Egyptians it was never used in their manufacture of these or for any religious purposes. It

1500-653: Is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages , after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age . It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progressing to protohistory (before written history). In this usage, it is preceded by the Stone Age (subdivided into the Paleolithic , Mesolithic and Neolithic ) and Bronze Age. These concepts originated for describing Iron Age Europe and

1575-411: Is the mass production of tools and weapons made not just of found iron, but from smelted steel alloys with an added carbon content. Only with the capability of the production of carbon steel does ferrous metallurgy result in tools or weapons that are harder and lighter than bronze . Smelted iron appears sporadically in the archeological record from the middle Bronze Age . Whilst terrestrial iron

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1650-441: Is traditionally referred to as belonging to the territory of Alto Mantovano, the area of the province of Mantua located north of the provincial capital close to the morainic amphitheater of Lake Garda . It borders the province of Brescia to the west, and is located at an altitude of 42 m (138 ft) above sea level . It lies halfway between Mantua and Cremona , from which it is about 35 km (22 mi), while it

1725-554: The Ancient Near East . The indigenous cultures of the New World did not develop an iron economy before 1500 . Although meteoric iron has been used for millennia in many regions, the beginning of the Iron Age is defined locally around the world by archaeological convention when the production of smelted iron (especially steel tools and weapons) replaces their bronze equivalents in common use. In Anatolia and

1800-633: The Azienda Ospedaliera Carlo Poma of Mantua . It is an acute-care hospital that provides health responses to patients, mainly from the provinces of Mantua , Brescia and Cremona , representing the reference health facility of the Asolano district with a potential catchment area of at least 50,000 inhabitants. The old mills, now in an advanced state of disrepair, are located on the Strada Bassa per Casalmoro as you leave

1875-931: The Badli pillar inscription , the Bhattiprolu relic casket inscription, the Sohgaura copper plate inscription , the Mahasthangarh Brahmi inscription, the Eran coin legend, the Taxila coin legends, and the inscription on the silver coins of Sophytes . However, more recent scholars have dated them to later periods. Dates are approximate; consult particular article for details. Archaeology in Thailand at sites Ban Don Ta Phet and Khao Sam Kaeo yielding metallic, stone, and glass artifacts stylistically associated with

1950-661: The Caucasus , or Southeast Europe , the Iron Age began during the late 2nd millennium BC ( c. 1300 BC). In the Ancient Near East , this transition occurred simultaneously with the Late Bronze Age collapse , during the 12th century BC (1200–1100 BC). The technology soon spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin region and to South Asia between the 12th and 11th century BC. Its further spread to Central Asia , Eastern Europe , and Central Europe

2025-687: The Ganges Valley in India have been dated tentatively to 1800 BC. Tewari (2003) concludes that "knowledge of iron smelting and manufacturing of iron artifacts was well known in the Eastern Vindhyas and iron had been in use in the Central Ganga Plain, at least from the early second millennium BC". By the Middle Bronze Age increasing numbers of smelted iron objects (distinguishable from meteoric iron by

2100-540: The Geum River basin . The time that iron production begins is the same time that complex chiefdoms of Proto-historic Korea emerged. The complex chiefdoms were the precursors of early states such as Silla , Baekje , Goguryeo , and Gaya Iron ingots were an important mortuary item and indicated the wealth or prestige of the deceased during this period. Dates are approximate; consult particular article for details. The earliest evidence of iron smelting predates

2175-727: The Indo-European Saka in present-day Xinjiang (China) between the 10th century BC and the 7th century BC, such as those found at the cemetery site of Chawuhukou. The Pazyryk culture is an Iron Age archaeological culture ( c.  6th to 3rd centuries BC) identified by excavated artifacts and mummified humans found in the Siberian permafrost in the Altay Mountains . Dates are approximate; consult particular article for details. In China, Chinese bronze inscriptions are found around 1200 BC, preceding

2250-730: The Orchid Island . Early evidence for iron technology in Sub-Saharan Africa can be found at sites such as KM2 and KM3 in northwest Tanzania and parts of Nigeria and the Central African Republic. Nubia was one of the relatively few places in Africa to have a sustained Bronze Age along with Egypt and much of the rest of North Africa . Archaeometallurgical scientific knowledge and technological development originated in numerous centers of Africa;

2325-511: The Qin dynasty of imperial China. "Iron Age" in the context of China is used sometimes for the transitional period of c.  900 BC to 100 BC during which ferrous metallurgy was present even if not dominant. The Iron Age in the Ancient Near East is believed to have begun after the discovery of iron smelting and smithing techniques in Anatolia , the Caucasus or Southeast Europe during

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2400-672: The Serenissima , becoming an extremely important border fortress for the Republic 's control of the mainland. Asola would remain under the control of Venice until the arrival of Napoleon in 1797. The arrival of the French then marked the return to the Mantuan territory to which it would remain linked even in 1814 with its annexation to Austrian rule. Also active in Risorgimento events, it fought for national independence with

2475-581: The Torre delle Polveri , was another minor garrison, under the orders of a Magnifico Castellano . The municipality is traversed by Strada statale 343, to which Asola gives its name. The Asola station, located on the Brescia-Parma railway, is served by regional trains operated by Trenord and timed on an hourly basis as part of the service contract stipulated with the Lombardy Region . In

2550-589: The Yangtse Valley toward the end of the 6th century BC. The few objects were found at Changsha and Nanjing . The mortuary evidence suggests that the initial use of iron in Lingnan belongs to the mid-to-late Warring States period (from about 350 BC). Important non-precious husi style metal finds include iron tools found at the tomb at Guwei-cun of the 4th century BC. The techniques used in Lingnan are

2625-683: The cathedral , is the church named after the confraternity of the Disciplini Bianchi , who made it their headquarters. It is also called the Chiesa di Santa Maria Della Misericordia . Also called Chiesa dei Disciplini Rossi or in Betlemme , it is the church of lower Asola in the Santa Maria district on Via Nazario Sauro. It was built in 1570 and stands on the remains of an older chapel dedicated to St. Mary, much venerated as early as

2700-472: The 15th-century Polyptych of Mercy by Antonio della Corna , and other later, 17th- and 18th-century artworks. Also called the Chiesa dell'Ospedale , it was begun in 1475 in an area of the old castle and was consecrated in 1506. Probably destroyed during the Siege of 1516, it was rebuilt in 1539 at the expense of the community from a design projected by Cristoforo Mantuano de Leno . On Via Oberdan, next to

2775-711: The 1st century BC, attested mainly by funerary monuments and grave goods. In the final years of the Middle Ages , around the 12th and 13th centuries, with its own fortified fortress it falls under the comital jurisdiction of Brescia controlled by the Visconti , in 1348 it passes to the dominion of the Malatesta, then again to the Venetians and later to the Gonzaga . In 1440, Asola decided to freely subject itself to

2850-573: The Bronze Age. In Central and Western Europe, the Roman conquests of the 1st century BC serve as marking the end of the Iron Age. The Germanic Iron Age of Scandinavia is considered to end c.  AD 800 , with the beginning of the Viking Age . The three-age method of Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages was first used for the archaeology of Europe during the first half of the 19th century, and by

2925-459: The Indian subcontinent began prior to the 3rd millennium BC. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila, Lahuradewa, Kosambi and Jhusi , Allahabad in present-day Uttar Pradesh show iron implements in the period 1800–1200 BC. As the evidence from the sites Raja Nala ka tila, Malhar suggest the use of Iron in c. 1800/1700 BC. The extensive use of iron smelting

3000-770: The Indian subcontinent suggest Indianization of Southeast Asia beginning in the 4th to 2nd centuries BC during the late Iron Age. In Philippines and Vietnam , the Sa Huynh culture showed evidence of an extensive trade network. Sa Huynh beads were made from glass, carnelian, agate, olivine, zircon, gold and garnet; most of these materials were not local to the region and were most likely imported. Han-dynasty-style bronze mirrors were also found in Sa Huynh sites. Conversely, Sa Huynh produced ear ornaments have been found in archaeological sites in Central Thailand, as well as

3075-632: The Late Bronze Age continued into the Early Iron Age. Thus, there is a sociocultural continuity during this transitional period. In Iran, the earliest actual iron artifacts were unknown until the 9th century BC. For Iran, the best studied archaeological site during this time period is Teppe Hasanlu . In the Mesopotamian states of Sumer , Akkad and Assyria , the initial use of iron reaches far back, to perhaps 3000 BC. One of

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3150-589: The Late Bronze Age. As part of the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age, the Bronze Age collapse saw the slow, comparatively continuous spread of iron-working technology in the region. It was long believed that the success of the Hittite Empire during the Late Bronze Age had been based on the advantages entailed by the "monopoly" on ironworking at the time. Accordingly, the invading Sea Peoples would have been responsible for spreading

3225-589: The Palazzo Terzi. This grand 18th-century palace retains a Baroque facade adorned with marble trophies and a solemn portal. It was the residence of the Counts Beffa Negrini, one of the most notable families in Asola. The building, located on Via Piave, was inaugurated in 1891. It features a late Neoclassical facade and on the eaves cornice statues depicting masks from the commedia dell'arte. On

3300-488: The Romans, though ironworking remained the dominant technology until recent times. Elsewhere it may last until the early centuries AD, and either Christianization or a new conquest during the Migration Period . Iron working was introduced to Europe during the late 11th century BC, probably from the Caucasus , and slowly spread northwards and westwards over the succeeding 500 years. The Iron Age did not start when iron first appeared in Europe but it began to replace bronze in

3375-467: The archaeological record. For instance, in China, written history started before iron smelting began, so the term is used infrequently for the archaeology of China. For the Ancient Near East, the establishment of the Achaemenid Empire c.  550 BC is used traditionally and still usually as an end date; later dates are considered historical according to the record by Herodotus despite considerable written records now being known from well back into

3450-430: The beginning of the Western Han dynasty . Yoon proposes that iron was first introduced to chiefdoms located along North Korean river valleys that flow into the Yellow Sea such as the Cheongcheon and Taedong Rivers. Iron production quickly followed during the 2nd century BC, and iron implements came to be used by farmers by the 1st century in southern Korea. The earliest known cast-iron axes in southern Korea are found in

3525-482: The capabilities of Neolithic kilns , which date back to 6000 BC and were able to produce temperatures greater than 900 °C (1,650 °F). In addition to specially designed furnaces, ancient iron production required the development of complex procedures for the removal of impurities, the regulation of the admixture of carbon, and the invention of hot-working to achieve a useful balance of hardness and strength in steel. The use of steel has also been regulated by

3600-417: The development of iron metallurgy, which was known by the 9th century BC. The large seal script is identified with a group of characters from a book entitled Shǐ Zhòu Piān ( c. 800 BC). Therefore, in China prehistory had given way to history periodized by ruling dynasties by the start of iron use, so "Iron Age" is not used typically to describe a period of Chinese history. Iron metallurgy reached

3675-420: The earliest smelted iron artifacts known is a dagger with an iron blade found in a Hattic tomb in Anatolia , dating from 2500 BC. The widespread use of iron weapons which replaced bronze weapons rapidly disseminated throughout the Near East (North Africa, southwest Asia ) by the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. The development of iron smelting was once attributed to the Hittites of Anatolia during

3750-442: The early 16th century. Located in Piazza XX Settembre, it is the seat of the Municipality of Asola. In the north corner of the building opens an elegant Loggia Veneta built in 1610 from a project design by architect Lantana. Monumental fountain depicting Hercules crushing the hydra , marble copy of the work by sculptor Giovanni Antonio Carra (16th century). Local used to house the Archivio Storico Comunale, in 1811 it became

3825-434: The economics of the metallurgical advancements. The earliest tentative evidence for iron-making is a small number of iron fragments with the appropriate amounts of carbon admixture found in the Proto-Hittite layers at Kaman-Kalehöyük in modern-day Turkey, dated to 2200–2000 BC. Akanuma (2008) concludes that "The combination of carbon dating, archaeological context, and archaeometallurgical examination indicates that it

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3900-471: The efforts of patriots such as Don Ottaviano Daina and Francesco Fario . In 1859, it was liberated and annexed to the Kingdom of Piedmont and finally to united Italy . Built beginning in 1472 on the basis of an earlier building, the cathedral today is a remarkable example of late Lombard Gothic architecture and preserves many important works of art: an Antegnati organ , canvases by Moretto , Romanino , Lattanzio Gambara , and Jacopo Palma il Giovane ,

3975-505: The emergence of the Iron Age proper by several centuries. Iron was being used in Mundigak to manufacture some items in the 3rd millennium BC such as a small copper/bronze bell with an iron clapper, a copper/bronze rod with two iron decorative buttons, and a copper/bronze mirror handle with a decorative iron button. Artefacts including small knives and blades have been discovered in the Indian state of Telangana which have been dated between 2400 BC and 1800 BC. The history of metallurgy in

4050-520: The end of the Bronze Age . The Iron Age in Europe is often considered as a part of the Bronze Age collapse in the ancient Near East . Anthony Snodgrass suggests that a shortage of tin and trade disruptions in the Mediterranean about 1300 BC forced metalworkers to seek an alternative to bronze. Many bronze implements were recycled into weapons during that time, and more widespread use of iron resulted in improved steel-making technology and lower costs. When tin became readily available again, iron

4125-438: The excavation of Ugarit. A dagger with an iron blade found in Tutankhamun's tomb , 13th century BC, was examined recently and found to be of meteoric origin. In Europe, the Iron Age is the last stage of prehistoric Europe and the first of the protohistoric periods, which initially means descriptions of a particular area by Greek and Roman writers. For much of Europe, the period came to an abrupt local end after conquest by

4200-401: The first millennium BC. In Southern India (present-day Mysore ) iron appeared as early as 12th to 11th centuries BC; these developments were too early for any significant close contact with the northwest of the country. The Indian Upanishads mention metallurgy. and the Indian Mauryan period saw advances in metallurgy. As early as 300 BC, certainly by 200 AD, high-quality steel

4275-424: The forms and character of the ornamentation of the northern European weapons resemble in some respects Roman arms, while in other respects they are peculiar and evidently representative of northern art. Citânia de Briteiros , located in Guimarães , Portugal, is one of the examples of archaeological sites of the Iron Age. This settlement (fortified villages) covered an area of 3.8 hectares (9.4 acres), and served as

4350-446: The knowledge through that region. The idea of such a "Hittite monopoly" has been examined more thoroughly and no longer represents a scholarly consensus. While there are some iron objects from Bronze Age Anatolia, the number is comparable to iron objects found in Egypt and other places of the same time period; and only a small number of these objects are weapons. Dates are approximate; consult particular article for details. Iron metal

4425-508: The lack of nickel in the product) appeared in the Middle East , Southeast Asia and South Asia . African sites are revealing dates as early as 2000–1200 BC. However, some recent studies date the inception of iron metallurgy in Africa between 3000 and 2500 BC, with evidence existing for early iron metallurgy in parts of Nigeria, Cameroon, and Central Africa, from as early as around 2,000 BC. The Nok culture of Nigeria may have practiced iron smelting from as early as 1000 BC, while

4500-409: The late 2nd millennium BC ( c. 1300 BC). The earliest bloomery smelting of iron is found at Tell Hammeh , Jordan about 930 BC (determined from C dating ). The Early Iron Age in the Caucasus area is divided conventionally into two periods, Early Iron I, dated to about 1100 BC, and the Early Iron II phase from the tenth to ninth centuries BC. Many of the material culture traditions of

4575-431: The late Yayoi period ( c. 300 BC – 300 AD) or the succeeding Kofun period ( c. 250–538 AD), most likely from the Korean Peninsula and China. Distinguishing characteristics of the Yayoi period include the appearance of new pottery styles and the start of intensive rice agriculture in paddy fields. Yayoi culture flourished in a geographic area from southern Kyūshū to northern Honshū . The Kofun and

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4650-448: The latter half of the 19th century, it had been extended to the archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Its name harks back to the mythological " Ages of Man " of Hesiod . As an archaeological era, it was first introduced to Scandinavia by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen during the 1830s. By the 1860s, it was embraced as a useful division of the "earliest history of mankind" in general and began to be applied in Assyriology . The development of

4725-419: The nearby Djenné-Djenno culture of the Niger Valley in Mali shows evidence of iron production from c. 250 BC. Iron technology across much of sub-Saharan Africa has an African origin dating to before 2000 BC. These findings confirm the independent invention of iron smelting in sub-Saharan Africa. Modern archaeological evidence identifies the start of large-scale global iron production about 1200 BC, marking

4800-480: The now-conventional periodization in the archaeology of the Ancient Near East was developed during the 1920s and 1930s. Meteoric iron, a natural iron–nickel alloy , was used by various ancient peoples thousands of years before the Iron Age. The earliest-known meteoric iron artifacts are nine small beads dated to 3200 BC , which were found in burials at Gerzeh in Lower Egypt , having been shaped by careful hammering. The characteristic of an Iron Age culture

4875-437: The past it offered connections with two suburban tramways, the Cremona-Asola, operating between 1929 and 1955, and the Mantova-Asola, operating between 1886 and 1933. Asola is connected to Mantua by two APAM lines: one direct to Castiglione delle Stiviere and the other to Mantua ; and by ARRIVA ITALIA s.p.a by a direct line to Cremona . Iron Age The Iron Age ( c.  1200  – c.  550 BC )

4950-452: The preparation of tools and weapons. It did not happen at the same time throughout Europe; local cultural developments played a role in the transition to the Iron Age. For example, the Iron Age of Prehistoric Ireland begins about 500 BC (when the Greek Iron Age had already ended) and finishes about 400 AD. The widespread use of the technology of iron was implemented in Europe simultaneously with Asia. The prehistoric Iron Age in Central Europe

5025-411: The right side remains the Romanesque apse of St. Erasmus and an epigraph commemorating the origins of the church itself. Ceasing to be used for theatrical performances, it was used as a movie theater in the second half of the 20th century. Between the Palazzo Monte dei Pegni and the Cassa di Risparmio , on Via Piave, there is what remains of the Antico Convento delle Clarisse (1496), characterized by

5100-410: The seat of the Magistrate's Court and later Caffè del Popolo , Gran Caffè Savoia , Caffè Centrale and finally Gran Caffè Liberty Enoteca . It preserves Art Nouveau interiors, and was recognized as a historic establishment of regional importance by D.G.R. VII/1733 of January 18, 2006. Open since 1936. Located along Via Garibaldi, opposite the facade of the cathedral . It was renovated in 1828 in

5175-403: The subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes referred to collectively as the Yamato period ; The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from that era. Iron objects were introduced to the Korean peninsula through trade with chiefdoms and state-level societies in the Yellow Sea area during the 4th century BC, just at the end of the Warring States Period but prior to

5250-428: The town northward. This is a damming of the course of the Fiume Chiese regulated by a series of sluice gates with the purpose of drawing water from the river for irrigating fields. It is located near the locality Camporegio in the countryside south of Asola. Asola Castle was a stronghold presumably dating back to the 12th century. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times; no traces remain today. The existence of

5325-426: Was attributed to Seth, the spirit of evil who according to Egyptian tradition governed the central deserts of Africa. In the Black Pyramid of Abusir , dating before 2000 BC, Gaston Maspero found some pieces of iron. In the funeral text of Pepi I , the metal is mentioned. A sword bearing the name of pharaoh Merneptah as well as a battle axe with an iron blade and gold-decorated bronze shaft were both found in

5400-408: Was bordered by walls with fourteen cylindrical towers protected on the outside by a moat and on the inside by an embankment. To the northeast stood the fortress, square with cylindrical corner towers. There were two gates: Porta Fuori to the east, Porta Chiese to the west, each protected by a ravelin . At the head of the fortress was a governor with a military garrison; at the old castle , near

5475-400: Was cheaper, stronger and lighter, and forged iron implements superseded cast bronze tools permanently. In Central and Western Europe, the Iron Age lasted from c.  800 BC to c.  1 BC , beginning in pre-Roman Iron Age Northern Europe in c.  600 BC , and reaching Northern Scandinavian Europe about c.  500 BC . The Iron Age in the Ancient Near East

5550-561: Was produced in southern India, by what would later be called the crucible technique . In this system, high-purity wrought iron, charcoal, and glass were mixed in a crucible and heated until the iron melted and absorbed the carbon. The protohistoric Early Iron Age in Sri Lanka lasted from 1000 BC to 600 BC. Radiocarbon evidence has been collected from Anuradhapura and Aligala shelter in Sigiriya . The Anuradhapura settlement

5625-458: Was somewhat delayed, and Northern Europe was not reached until about the start of the 5th century BC (500 BC). The Iron Age in India is stated as beginning with the ironworking Painted Grey Ware culture , dating from the 15th century BC , through to the reign of Ashoka in the 3rd century BC . The term "Iron Age" in the archaeology of South, East, and Southeast Asia is more recent and less common than for Western Eurasia. Africa did not have

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