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24-506: Attapeu ( Lao : ອັດຕະປື , pronounced [ʔát.tā.pɯ̀ː] ) is a province of Laos in the southeast of the country. It has five districts: Samakkixay, Xaysetha, Sanamxay, Sanxay, and Phouvong, covering an area of 10,320 square kilometres (3,980 sq mi) with a population of 127,285. Its capital city lies at Attapeu (Muang Samakkixay). It was known as the "land of heroism". There are two biodiversity areas: Dong Ampham Forest (200,000 ha) and Xepaine Forest. A large part of

48-620: Is a tonal language , where the pitch or tone of a word can alter its meaning, and is analytic , forming sentences through the combination of individual words without inflection. These features, common in Kra-Dai languages , also bear similarities to Sino-Tibetan languages like Chinese or Austroasiatic languages like Vietnamese . Lao's mutual intelligibility with Thai and Isan , fellow Southwestern Tai languages, allows for effective intercommunication among their speakers, despite differences in script and regional variations. In Laos, Lao

72-686: Is great, concentrated in the fields of wild animals and plants, exchanged and extracted for achieving sustainable income; fish is one of main aquatic vertebrates exploited, apart from other terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates. Given its proximity to Vietnam, the province has traditionally been a source for raw materials and forest products for adjacent regions in Vietnam. Luxury forest products exported by Champa through its seaports were sourced from places as far as Attapeu. More recently, some Vietnamese companies expanded into Attapeu province. Hoang Anh Gia Lai Group has acquired rights to grow rubber trees in

96-547: Is largely agricultural. In this province, the trade in wild life is significant (though underestimated by the government) and hence its conservation is important. The listed globally threatened wild life species number 14 (according to the World Conservation Union ( IUCN Red List and 23 species according to the CITES . In the rural economy Laos (80 percent of rural households), the dependency on forest resources

120-493: Is not only the official language but also a lingua franca , bridging the linguistic diversity of a population that speaks many other languages. Its cultural significance is reflected in Laotian literature, media, and traditional arts. The Vientiane dialect has emerged as the de facto standard, though no official standard has been established. Internationally, Lao is spoken among diaspora communities , especially in countries like

144-543: Is now southeastern China, specifically what is now Guangxi and northern Vietnam where the diversity of various Tai languages suggests an Urheimat . The Southwestern Tai languages began to diverge from the Northern and Central branches of the Tai languages, covered mainly by various Zhuang languages , sometime around 112 CE, but likely completed by the sixth century . Due to the influx of Han Chinese soldiers and settlers,

168-460: Is rugged. Its capital city Attapeu (Samakkhixay District) is in a valley. The Bolaven Plateau stretches across Attapeu as well as three others provinces, Champasak, Salavan , and Sekong . The landscape of the province consists of thick forest, rivers and streams and plains areas in the backdrop of mountains such as Phou Saphong and Phou Luang. The principal rivers are the Xe Kong , Xe Kaman , and

192-461: Is the capital of Attapeu province , Laos . Its official name is Muang Samakhi Xay. It is the southernmost of provincial capitals in Laos. Most of the inhabitants are Lao Loum . The temple of Wat Luang Muang Mai in the town centre was built in 1939 and is notable for original naga barge boards. A monument dedicated to Kaysone Phomvihane was erected near the temple. Attapeu International Airport

216-596: The American War in Vietnam , parts of the Ho Chi Minh Trail passed through the province. The main roads are Route 13 , the most important road in the country, and Route 11 . The main settlements are Attapeu , Xaysetha , and Sanamxai . Dong Ampham National Biodiversity Conservation Area (NBCA) is the protected area which lies in Attapeu province (on the northeastern part) and Sekong province (on

240-566: The Southwestern branch of Tai languages. Lao (including Isan) and Thai, although they occupy separate groups, are mutually intelligible and were pushed closer through contact and Khmer influence, but all Southwestern Tai languages are mutually intelligible to some degree. The Tai languages also include the languages of the Zhuang , which are split into the Northern and Central branches of

264-539: The Xe Xou River and the province is difficult to traverse in the rainy season. The province also has several waterfalls of note. These include the 23 m high, 120 m wide Tad Saephe Waterfall in Xepaine Forest, the 10 m high, 30 m wide Tad Samongphak Waterfall between Houay Samong and Xepaine River , Tad Phok Waterfall , and Tad Phaphong Waterfall , running from Xe Xou River. During

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288-629: The Tai languages. The Tai languages form a major division within the Kra-Dai language family , distantly related to other languages of southern China, such as the Hlai and Be languages of Hainan and the Kra and Kam-Sui languages on the Chinese Mainland and in neighbouring regions of northern Vietnam. The ancestors of the Lao people were speakers of Southwestern Tai dialects that migrated from what

312-894: The Tai migrants that followed the Mekong River . As the Southwestern Tai-speaking peoples diverged, following paths down waterways, their dialects began to diverge into the various languages today, such as the Lao-Phuthai languages that developed along the Mekong River and includes Lao and its Isan sub-variety and the Chiang Saen languages which includes the Central Thai dialect that is the basis of Standard Thai. Despite their close relationship, there were several phonological divergences that drifted

336-513: The United States, France, and Australia, reflecting its global diasporic presence. The Lao language falls within the Lao-Phuthai group of languages, including its closest relatives, Phuthai (BGN/PCGN Phouthai , RTGS Phu Thai ) and Tai Yo . Together with Northwestern Tai—which includes Shan , Ahom and most Dai languages of China, the Chiang Saen languages—which include Standard Thai, Khorat Thai, and Tai Lanna —and Southern Tai form

360-593: The capital city of Attapeu was built in 1939 and is notable for original naga barge boards. King Setthathirat of the Lan Xang is buried in a stupa at the temple of Wat Pha Saysettha in Pha Meuang, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the capital city. The Sihanouk Trail branches from the Ho Chi Minh Trail at Phu Vong, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the capital. Lao language Lao

384-411: The east, Virachey National Park of Cambodia ( Ratanakiri and Stung Treng ) to the south, and Champasak province to the west. Notable settlements in the province include Attapeu , Ban Nonghin , Ban Xoutouat , Ban Nong Songhong , Ban Renthuk , Ban Phiahom , Ban Choim , Ban Pakha , Ban Onglouang , Ban Het , Muang May , Ban kong Han , Ban Xakhe , and Ban Dakkrong . The province's terrain

408-518: The end of the Chinese occupation of Vietnam, the fall of Jiaozhi and turbulence associated with the decline and fall of the Tang dynasty led some of the Tai peoples speaking Southwestern Tai to flee into Southeast Asia, with the small-scale migration mainly taking place between the eighth and twelfth centuries. The Tais split and followed the major river courses, with the ancestral Lao originating in

432-1041: The languages apart with time such as the following examples:     *mlɯn 'slippery'     → {\displaystyle \rightarrow }   ມື່ນ muen /mɯ̄ːn/       → {\displaystyle \rightarrow }   ลื่น luen /lɯ̂ːn/   {} {} ມື່ນ {} ลื่น {} {} muen {} luen *mlɯn → {\displaystyle \rightarrow } /mɯ̄ːn/ → {\displaystyle \rightarrow } /lɯ̂ːn/ 'slippery' {} {} {} {}     *raːk 'to vomit'     → {\displaystyle \rightarrow }   ຮາກ hak /hâːk/       → {\displaystyle \rightarrow }   ราก rak /râːk/ Attapeu Attapeu ( Lao : ອັດຕະປື , pronounced [ʔát.tā.pɯ̀ː] ), also written as Attopu or Attapu ,

456-538: The lesser fish eagle Ichthyophaga humilis , red-headed vulture Sarcogyps calvus , and white-rumped vulture Gyps bengalensis . The province is composed of the following districts: Lao Loum people in Attapeu outnumber those in other nearby provinces. Its population is reported to be 110,000 and consists of several ethnic communities; 15 major tribes are reported in the province which include Lao, Alak, Katang, Kaleum, Katou, Suay, Oy, Taoy, Sadang, Nge, Lavea, Lavenh, Cheuang, Tariang and Nyaheung groups. Attapeu's economy

480-631: The province is managed by the Dong Ampham National Biodiversity Conservation Area . The province was part of the Lane Xang Kingdom during the reign of King Saysethathirath . Earlier to this it was a habitat of wild buffaloes known as "Idkabue" (meaning, 'buffalo dropping'), which, in the French colonial regime, became "Attapeu". During the revolutionary war against the French, the province

504-750: The province. The company also plans to invest in electricity generation, sugar refining, and organic fertilizer production. Construction of a US$ 100 million sugar project including industrial facilities started in November 2011. Some of the important locations in the province are the Wat Sakae Temple which has a sacred Buddha image and is visited during the Lao New Year, and an old pagoda and Xaysetha Stupa in Xaysetha District , built in 1579. The temple of Wat Luang Muang Mai in

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528-441: The southeastern part). It is in the southeast corner of Laos on the border with Vietnam . The NBCA is heavily forested and covers about 200,000 hectares. Established in 1993, it is one of the 23 National Biodiversity Conservation Areas of Laos. Dong Ampham is home to "some of the last intact areas of lowland and tropical forests remaining in mainland Southeast Asia." Topographical features include Xe Kaman and Xe Xou Rivers , and

552-648: The volcanic lake Nong Fa Lake . Tigers and Clouded leopard are recorded fauna in remote areas. The 71,400 hectare Attapu Plain is an Important Bird Area (IBA) adjacent to the NBCA. It is at an elevation of 200–400 metres (660–1,310 ft). The topography includes wetlands, such as the Xe Khaman and the Xe Xou Rivers, as well as freshwater lakes and pools. Dry forest landscapes, dry deciduous forest, shingle and stony beaches are habitats. Notable avifauna are

576-551: Was the headquarters of the National Liberation Front ; the pro-Royalist militia group led by General Vang Pao . By the end of the war, much of the area was destroyed, remnants of which can be seen even now in some stretches of the Ho Chi Minh Road. Attapeu province covers an area of 10,320 square kilometres (3,980 sq mi). It borders Sekong province to the north, Vietnam ( Kom Tum ) to

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