59-653: Atago may refer to: Atago Gongen , a Japanese kami Places in Japan [ edit ] Atago, Tokyo , a district of Minato, Tokyo Atago Shrine (Tokyo) , in Minato, Tokyo Atago Green Hills , an urban complex located in Atago Mount Atago , a mountain in Kyoto, Japan Atago Shrine (Kyoto) , a shrine on Mount Atago Mount Atago (Minamibōsō, Chiba) ,
118-488: A shakujō in Japanese. Tengu are commonly depicted holding a magical feather fan ( 羽団扇 , hauchiwa ) . According to legend, tengu taught Minamoto no Yoshitsune to fight with the " war-fan " and "the sword". In folk tales, these fans sometimes can grow or shrink a person's nose, but usually, they have attributed the power to stir up great winds. Various other strange accessories may be associated with tengu , such as
177-439: A Shinto shrine) was added in 1928. It is told that the deity of the shrine is Izanami-no-Mikoto, and from ancient times, it was called Atago Gongen. Originally, Wake no Kiyomaro transferred the divided deity from Kyoto. In Kyoto, Goo-jinja Shrine enshrined Kiyomaro and there was a tradition that Ujiko worshiped Goo-jinja Shrine, received the charm, and brought it back to Nakamiya-jinja Shrine. The philosopher Hayashi Razan lists
236-640: A fusion of Shinto and Buddhist beliefs, specifically combining the worship in Mt. Atago and Shugendō beliefs. The faith in Jizō Bodhisattva is considered to be the original Buddhist belief with Izanami as its patron deity. The Hakuun-ji Temple located in Mt. Atago reached its peak prosperity during the Middle Ages, with its main shrine enshrining Izanami and Katsugun Jizō, the Okuin shrine enshrining Taroubou, and
295-596: A human-like form, often retaining avian wings, heads, or beaks. The tengu's long nose seems to have been conceived in the 14th century, likely as a humanization of the original bird's bill. This feature allies them with the Sarutahiko Ōkami , who is described in the 720 CE text the Nihon Shoki with a similar nose measuring seven hand-spans in length. In village festivals , the two figures are often portrayed with identical red phallic-nosed mask designs. Some of
354-440: A kite. Throughout the 12th and 13th centuries, accounts continued of tengu attempting to cause trouble in the world. They were now established as the ghosts of angry, vain, or heretical priests who had fallen on the " tengu -realm" ( 天狗道 , tengudō ). They began to possess people, especially women and girls, and speak through their mouths ( kitsunetsuki ). Still the enemies of Buddhism, the demons also turned their attention to
413-399: A legend in the 18th-century Kaidan Toshiotoko ( 怪談登志男 ) , a tengu took the form of a yamabushi and faithfully served the abbot of a Zen monastery until the man guessed his attendant's true form. The tengu's wings and huge nose then reappeared. The tengu requested a piece of wisdom from his master and left, but he continued, unseen, to provide the monastery with miraculous aid. In
472-713: A mountain in Chiba Prefecture Atago Station (Chiba) , a train station in Noda, Chiba Prefecture Atago Station (Miyagi) , a train station in Matsushima, Miyagi Prefecture Ships [ edit ] Japanese gunboat Atago , of the early Imperial Japanese Navy Japanese cruiser Atago , of the Imperial Japanese Navy Japanese battlecruiser Atago , a projected Amagi -class battlecruiser of
531-479: A shooting star or comet. It makes a noise like thunder and brings war wherever it falls. One account from the Shù Yì Jì ( 述異記 , "A Collection of Bizarre Stories"), written in 1791, describes a dog-like tiāngǒu with a sharp beak and an upright posture, but usually tiāngǒu bear little resemblance to their Japanese counterparts. The 23rd chapter of the Nihon Shoki , written in 720, is generally held to contain
590-492: A single leaf from that place will surely die. In the Sōzan Chomon Kishū ( 想山著聞奇集 ) , written in 1849, the author describes the customs of the wood-cutters of Mino Province , who used a sort of rice cake called kuhin- mochi to placate the tengu , who would otherwise perpetrate all sorts of mischief. In other provinces a special kind of fish called okoze was offered to the tengu by woodsmen and hunters, in exchange for
649-478: A successful day's work. The people of Ishikawa Prefecture have until recently believed that the tengu loathe mackerel , and have used this fish as a charm against kidnappings and hauntings by the mischievous spirits. Tengu are worshipped as beneficial kami ( gods or revered spirits ) in various regions. For example, the tengu Saburō of Izuna is worshipped on that mountain and various others as Izuna Gongen ( 飯綱権現 , "incarnation of Izuna") , one of
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#1732765932440708-461: A sudden wind, the mountain would rumble, and stones would come flying, and places tengu live such as "tenguda" (天狗田, tengu field), "tengu no tsumetogi ishi" (天狗の爪とぎ石, tengu scratching stone), "tengu no yama" (天狗の山, tengu mountain), "tengudani" (天狗谷, tengu valley), etc., in other words, "tengu territory" (天狗の領地) or "tengu guest quarters" (狗賓の住処). In Kanazawa 's business district Owari in Hōreki 5 (1755), it
767-402: A type of yōkai (supernatural beings) or Shinto kami (gods or spirits). The Tengu were originally thought to take the forms of birds of prey and a monkey deity , and they were traditionally depicted with human, monkey, and avian characteristics. Sarutahiko Ōkami is considered to be the original model of Konoha-Tengu (a supernatural creature with a red face and long nose), which today
826-401: A type of tall, one-toothed geta sandal often called tengu-geta . The term tengu and the characters used to write it are borrowed from the name of a fierce demon from Chinese folklore called tiāngǒu though this still has to be confirmed. Chinese literature assigns this creature a variety of descriptions, but most often it is a fierce and anthropophagous canine monster that resembles
885-583: Is a Japanese kami and tengu believed to be the local avatar ( Gongen ) of Buddhist bodhisattva Jizō and Shinto goddess Izanami . He is mounted on a white horse and carries a ringed staff and desire-cancelling jewel. The cult originated in Shugendō practices on Mount Atago in Kyoto , and Atago Gongen is worshiped as a protector against fire and a god of war and victory by Samurai . There are some nine hundred Atago Shrines around Japan. Mount Atago
944-519: Is represented with the features of a Chinese warrior on horseback, carrying a pilgrim’s staff and a cintamani. Popular imagery sometimes also symbolizes him by statuettes of a horse carrying a cintamani on its back. The support animal or messenger of this Atago Gongen is the wild boar, the symbol of courage, strength, and perseverance. Many legends relate that warriors in difficulty have been rescued by wild boars or Atago Jizō 愛宕地蔵, which charged at their enemies, putting them to flight.” Nakamiya-jinja Shrine
1003-420: Is said that a "tengu tsubute" (天狗つぶて) was seen. In Mt. Ogasa, Shizuoka Prefecture , a mysterious phenomenon of hearing the sound of hayashi from the mountains in the summer was called "tengubayashi" (天狗囃子), and it is said to be the work of the tengu at Ogasa Jinja . On Sado Island ( Sado , Niigata Prefecture ), there were "yamakagura" (山神楽, mountain kagura), and the mysterious occurrence of hearing kagura from
1062-641: Is widely considered the Tengu ' s defining characteristic in the popular imagination. He is the Shinto monkey deity who is said to shed light on Heaven and Earth . Some experts theorize that Sarutahiko was a sun god worshiped in the Ise region prior to the popularization of Amaterasu . Buddhism long held that the Tengu were disruptive demons and harbingers of war. Their image gradually softened, however, into one of protective, if still dangerous, spirits of
1121-828: The Heike monogatari , the tengu Tarōbō is described as the greatest tengu in Japan. In the text Gempei Seisuiki , Tarōbō is described as the first of the great tengu . Says the Flammarion Iconographic Guide: “In certain cases, Jizō may also assume a syncretic aspect, and be represented as a warrior when assimilated with Atago Gongen, a Kami considered to be a temporary incarnation of Jizō. This kami (Shintō deity), protector from flame and fire, mainly venerated on Mount Atago in Kyoto Prefecture, has also been identified as being Kagutsuchi or even Susanoo-no-Mikoto and sometimes even as Izanagi . He
1180-487: The Konjaku Monogatari describes a tengu carrying off a dragon, which is reminiscent of the garuda's feud with the nāga serpents. In other respects, however, the tengu's original behavior differs markedly from that of the garuda , which is generally friendly towards Buddhism. De Visser has speculated that the tengu may be descended from an ancient Shinto bird-demon which was syncretized with both
1239-580: The Hōgen Rebellion to take back the country from Emperor Go-Shirakawa , he was defeated and exiled to Sanuki Province in Shikoku . According to legend he died in torment, having sworn to haunt the nation of Japan as a great demon, and thus became a fearsome tengu with long nails and eyes like a kite's. In stories from the 13th century, tengu began to abduct young boys as well as the priests they had always targeted. The boys were often returned, while
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#17327659324401298-494: The Tone District , Gunma Prefecture , there are legends about the "tengu warai" (天狗笑い, tengu laugh) about how one would hear laughter out of nowhere, and if one simply presses on further, it'd become an even louder laugh, and if one tries laughing back, it'd laugh even louder than before, and the "tengu tsubute" (天狗礫, tengu pebble) (said to be the path that tengu go on) about how when walking on mountain paths, there would be
1357-472: The garuda and the tiāngǒu when Buddhism arrived in Japan. However, he found little evidence to support this idea. A later version of the Kujiki , an ancient Japanese historical text, writes the name of Amanozako , a monstrous female deity born from the god Susanoo 's spat-out ferocity, with characters meaning tengu deity ( 天狗神 ). The book describes Amanozako as a raging creature capable of flight, with
1416-456: The tengu became creatures associated with war. Legends eventually ascribed to them great knowledge in the art of skilled combat. This reputation seems to have its origins in a legend surrounding the famous warrior Minamoto no Yoshitsune . When Yoshitsune was a young boy going by the name of Ushiwaka-maru, his father, Yoshitomo , was assassinated by the Taira clan . Taira no Kiyomori , head of
1475-500: The "nesting grounds of tengu," and in mountain villages in the Kanagawa Prefecture , they would cut trees at night and were called "tengu daoshi" (天狗倒し, tengu fall), and mysterious sounds at night of a tree being cut and falling, or mysterious swaying sounds despite no wind, were considered the work of mountain tengu. It is also theorized that shooting a gun three times would make this mysterious sound stop. Besides this, in
1534-409: The 18th and 19th centuries, tengu came to be feared as the vigilant protectors of certain forests. In the 1764 collection of strange stories Sanshu Kidan ( 三州奇談 ) , a tale tells of a man who wanders into a deep valley while gathering leaves, only to be faced with a sudden and ferocious hailstorm. A group of peasants later tell him that he was in the valley where the guhin live, and anyone who takes
1593-550: The Edo period, more shrines dedicated to the faith were built all over Japan. Due to the influence of Onmyodo and the faith in the Kunado-no-Kami (local Japanese gods connected to protection from natural disasters and malicious spirits), Mt. Atago itself came to be considered a guardian deity in the northwest regions of Kyoto. Mt. Atago was worshipped as a deity of wildfire and theft protection, but this belief later merged with
1652-795: The Imperial Japanese Navy that was canceled under the terms of Washington Naval Treaty Atago -class destroyer , of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force JS ; Atago , an Atago -class guided missile destroyer in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Atago Maru , a merchant ship built in Glasgow in 1924 by Lithgows & Sons Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
1711-485: The Japanese expression tengu ni naru ("becoming a tengu ") is still used to describe a conceited person. In the Genpei Jōsuiki , written in the late Kamakura period , a god appears to Go-Shirakawa and gives a detailed account of tengu ghosts. He says that they fall onto the tengu road because, as Buddhists, they cannot go to Hell , yet as people with bad principles, they also cannot go to Heaven . He describes
1770-526: The Taira, allowed the child to survive on the grounds that he be exiled to the temple on Mount Kurama and become a monk. But one day in the Sōjō-ga-dani Valley, Ushiwaka encountered the mountain's tengu , Sōjōbō . This spirit taught the boy the art of swordsmanship so that he might bring vengeance on the Taira. Originally the actions of this tengu were portrayed as another attempt by demons to throw
1829-673: The Tendai shrine enshrining Katsuji-incho Tokobo, Kyogakuin Ozaki-bo, and Daizen. Mt. Atago is considered to be one of the seven “high mountains” of the Shugendō faith, and Mt. Atago flourished as an ascetic dojo to the extent that it is said to be worth “seven times more than Ise, three times more than the Kumano Kodō, and as valuable as the moon is to Mt. Atago”. As the combined faith in Mt. Atago and Shugendō became more and more popular in
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1888-532: The appearance of different types of tengu : the ghosts of priests, nuns, ordinary men, and ordinary women, all of whom in life possessed excessive pride. The god introduces the notion that not all tengu are equal; knowledgeable men become daitengu ( 大天狗 , greater tengu ) , but ignorant ones become kotengu ( 小天狗 , small tengu ) . The philosopher Hayashi Razan lists the greatest of these daitengu as Sōjōbō of Kurama , Tarōbō of Atago , and Jirōbō of Hira . The demons of Kurama and Atago are among
1947-524: The body of a human, the head of a beast, a long nose, long ears, and long teeth that can chew through swords. An 18th-century book called the Tengu Meigikō ( 天狗名義考 ) suggests that this goddess may be the true predecessor of the tengu , but the date and authenticity of the Kujiki , and of that edition, in particular, remain disputed. The Konjaku Monogatarishū , a collection of stories published in
2006-404: The boy and teaches him out of sympathy for his plight. Two stories from the 19th century continue this theme: In the Sōzan Chomon Kishū , a boy is carried off by a tengu and spends three years with the creature. He comes home with a magic gun that never misses a shot. A story from Inaba Province , related by Inoue Enryō , tells of a girl with poor manual dexterity who is suddenly possessed by
2065-466: The earliest representations of tengu appear in Japanese picture scrolls, such as the Tenguzōshi Emaki ( 天狗草子絵巻 ) , painted c. 1296 , which parodies high-ranking priests by endowing them with the hawk-like beaks of tengu demons. Tengu are often pictured as taking the shape of some sort of priest. Beginning in the 13th century, tengu came to be associated in particular with yamabushi ,
2124-468: The early Japanese meaning for the characters used to write Tengu may represent a conglomeration of two Chinese spirits: the tiāngǒu and the fox spirits called huli jing before the nuances of meaning were expanded to include local Japanese kami, therefore the true Tengu in appearance. Some Japanese scholars have speculated that the tengu's image derives from that of the Hindu eagle deity Garuda , who
2183-635: The falling star. Others said that it was earth-thunder. Hereupon the Buddhist Priest Bin said:—"It is not the falling star, but the Celestial Dog, the sound of whose barking is like thunder.". When it appeared, there was famine".—(Nihon Shoki) Although the Chinese characters for tengu are used in the text, accompanying phonetic furigana characters give the reading as amatsukitsune ( heavenly fox ). M. W. de Visser speculated that
2242-407: The first recorded mention of tengu in Japan. In this account a large shooting star appears and is identified by a Buddhist priest as a "heavenly dog", and much like the tiāngǒu of China, the star precedes a military uprising. "9th year, Spring, and month, 23rd day. A great star floated from East to West, and there was a noise like that of thunder. The people of that day said that it was the sound of
2301-494: The former are in command of the latter and are the protectors, not opponents, of Buddhism – although the flaw of pride or ambition has caused them to fall onto the demon road, they remain the same good, dharma -abiding persons they were in life. The tengu's unpleasant image continued to erode in the 17th century. Some stories now presented them as much less malicious, protecting and blessing Buddhist institutions rather than menacing them or setting them on fire. According to
2360-590: The great daitengu , and the small, bird-like konoha-tengu who live in Cryptomeria trees. The konoha-tengu are noted in a book from 1746 called the Shokoku Rijin Dan ( 諸国里人談 ) , as bird-like creatures with wings two meters across which were seen catching fish in the Ōi River , but this name rarely appears in literature otherwise. Creatures that do not fit the classic bird or yamabushi image are sometimes called tengu . For example, tengu in
2419-468: The greatest of these daitengu as Sōjōbō of Kurama , Tarōbō of Atago , and Jirōbō of Hira . The demons of Kurama and Atago are among the most famous tengu . Tengu Tengu ( / ˈ t ɛ ŋ ɡ uː / TENG -goo ; Japanese : 天狗 , pronounced [teŋɡɯ] , lit. ' Heavenly Dog ' ) are a type of legendary creature found in Shinto belief. They are considered
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2478-409: The guise of wood-spirits may be called guhin (occasionally written kuhin ) ( 狗賓 , dog guests ) , but this word can also refer to tengu with canine mouths or other features. The people of Kōchi Prefecture on Shikoku believe in a creature called shibaten or shibatengu ( シバテン, 芝天狗 , lawn tengu ) , but this is a small childlike being who loves sumō wrestling and sometimes dwells in
2537-551: The late Heian period , contains some of the earliest tales of tengu , already characterized as they would be for centuries to come. These tengu are the troublesome opponents of Buddhism, who mislead the pious with false images of the Buddha, carry off monks and drop them in remote places, possess women in an attempt to seduce holy men, rob temples, and endow those who worship them with unholy power. They often disguise themselves as priests or nuns, but their true form seems to be that of
2596-572: The most famous tengu . A section of the Tengu Meigikō , later quoted by Inoue Enryō , lists the daitengu in this order: Daitengu are often pictured in a more human-like form than their underlings, and due to their long noses, they may also be called hanatakatengu ( 鼻高天狗 , tall-nosed tengu ) . Kotengu may conversely be depicted as more bird-like. They are sometimes called Karasu-Tengu ( 烏天狗 , crow tengu ) , or koppa- or konoha-tengu ( 木葉天狗, 木の葉天狗 , foliage tengu ) . Inoue Enryō described two kinds of tengu in his Tenguron :
2655-413: The mountain ascetics who practice Shugendō . The association soon found its way into Japanese art, where tengu are most frequently depicted in the yamabushi's unique costume, which includes a distinctive headwear called the tokin and a pompom sash ( 結袈裟 , yuigesa ) . Due to their priestly aesthetic, they are often shown wielding the khakkhara , a distinct staff used by Buddhist monks , called
2714-457: The mountains and forests. Tengu are associated with the ascetic practice of Shugendō , and they are usually depicted in the garb of its followers, the yamabushi . The tengu in art appears in a variety of shapes. It usually falls somewhere in between a large, monstrous bird and a wholly anthropomorphized being, often with a red face or an unusually large or long nose. Early depictions of tengu show them as kite -like beings who can take
2773-459: The mountains was said to be the work of a tengu. In Tokuyama, Ibi District , Gifu Prefecture (now Ibigawa ), there were "tengu taiko" (天狗太鼓), and the sound of taiko (drums) from the mountains was said to be a sign of impending rain. The Shasekishū , a book of Buddhist parables from the Kamakura period , makes a point of distinguishing between good and bad tengu . The book explains that
2832-457: The orally transmitted tales collected by Japanese folklorists. As these stories are often humorous, they tend to portray tengu as ridiculous creatures who are easily tricked or confused by humans. Some common folk tales in which tengu appear include: During the 14th century, the tengu began to trouble the world outside of the Buddhist clergy, and like their ominous ancestors the tiāngǒu ,
2891-401: The priests would be found tied to the tops of trees or other high places. All of the tengu's victims, however, would come back in a state near death or madness, sometimes after having been tricked into eating animal dung. The tengu of this period were often conceived of as the ghosts of the arrogant, and as a result, the creatures have become strongly associated with vanity and pride. Today
2950-710: The primary deities in Izuna Shugen , which also has ties to fox sorcery and the Dakini of Tantric Buddhism . Izuna Gongen is depicted as a beaked, winged figure with snakes wrapped around his limbs, surrounded by a halo of flame, riding on the back of a fox and brandishing a sword. Worshippers of tengu on other sacred mountains have adopted similar images for their deities, such as Sanjakubō ( 三尺坊 ) or Akiba Gongen ( 秋葉権現 ) of Akiba and Dōryō Gongen ( 道了権現 ) of Saijō-ji Temple in Odawara . Tengu appear frequently in
3009-699: The principles of the Shogun Jizō belief, resulting in the creation of the deity Atago Gongen. At the time, faith in the Tengū was popular as well, resulting in Atago Gongen being worshipped by some as ‘Taroubou’, according to sources such as Fujiwara no Yorinaga ’s diary, the Daiki. Taroubou is said in some sources to have been related to Shinto deities the likes of Amaterasu , Tsukuyomi , Hiruko , and Susanoo . The faith in Atago Gongen began to diminish due to
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#17327659324403068-614: The revision and removal of Buddhist beliefs and ideology via the Ordinance for the Separation of Shinto and Buddhism in 1868. In the 1870s, many temples and shrines dedicated to Atago Gongen were forcibly shut down or abandoned. Nowadays, the shrines that were once dedicated to Atago Gongen now enshrine deities of the Shinto faith. Like Sōjōbō , these tengu are daitengu , chieftains of a tengu mountain, and appear in different forms of Japanese art. Kimbrough says that in one version of
3127-410: The royal family. The Kojidan tells of an Empress who was possessed, and the Ōkagami reports that Emperor Sanjō was made blind by a tengu , the ghost of a priest who resented the throne. One notorious tengu from the 12th century was himself the ghost of an emperor. The Hōgen Monogatari tells the story of Emperor Sutoku , who was forced by his father to abandon the throne. When he later raised
3186-639: The title Atago . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atago&oldid=1053691604 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Ship disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Atago Gongen Atago Gongen ( 愛宕権現 ) also known as Tarōbō (太郎坊), Atago Daigongen (愛宕大権現), Shōgun Jizō (勝軍地蔵) of Mount Atago
3245-519: The water, and is generally considered one of the many kinds of kappa . Another water-dwelling tengu is the kawatengu ( 川天狗 , river tengu ) of the Greater Tokyo Area . This creature is rarely seen, but it is believed to create strange fireballs and be a nuisance to fishermen. In Yamagata Prefecture among other areas, thickets in the mountains during summer, there are several tens of tsubo of moss and sand that were revered as
3304-459: The world into chaos and war, but as Yoshitsune's renown as a legendary warrior increased, his monstrous teacher came to be depicted in a much more sympathetic and honorable light. In one of the most famous renditions of the story, the Noh play Kurama Tengu , Ushiwaka is the only person from his temple who does not give up an outing in disgust at the sight of a strange yamabushi . Sōjōbō thus befriends
3363-401: Was built by the lord of Kinugasa Castle, and it used to stand on Nokubo area which was between Mt. Takao and Senko-ji temple, so it was called ‘Naka no Miya’ (Naka means between in Japanese.) Later, it was crashed because of the landslide and it lost a large land. The temporary shrine was built on the small land which was left from the landslide, but it was renewed in 1888, and a torii (gateway to
3422-545: Was pluralized in Buddhist scripture as one of the major races of non-human beings. Like the tengu , the garuda are often portrayed in a human-like form with wings and a bird's beak. The name tengu seems to be written in place of that of the garuda in a Japanese sutra called the Emmyō Jizō-kyō ( 延命地蔵経 ), but this was likely written in the Edo period , long after the tengu's image was established. At least one early story in
3481-404: Was said to be infested by tengu during the reign of Emperor Monmu . One of the tengu was a particularly powerful one named Tarōbō. The sages En no Gyōja and Taichō were charged with clearing the mountain. When Tarōbō surrendered to them, he became protector of the mountain. He is often seen as the guardian or an avatar of Jizō as a result. Atago Gongen is the name of a deity resulting from
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