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15-521: The Ate name is of Aymaran origin and denoted a local Native town, while the Vitarte name is a Castilian Spanish derivation of the Basque family name Ubitarte , which were the original Spanish landowners in the surrounding area. The district of Ate was founded by express law on August 4, 1821 by General Don José de San Martín , a few days after Peru's declaration of independence. This law created

30-640: A Quechua specialist, believes the similarities to be caused by borrowing during long-term contact. Lyle Campbell suspects that the proposal is valid but does not consider it to have been conclusively proved. Moulian et al. (2015) posits the Puquina language of the Tiwanaku Empire as a possible source for some of the shared vocabulary between Quechua, Aymara and Mapuche . An automated computational analysis ( ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013) also groups Quechuan and Aymaran together. However, since

45-427: A single language. Quechumaran Quechumaran or Kechumaran is a language-family proposal that unites Quechua and Aymara . Quechuan languages, especially those of the south, share a large amount of vocabulary with Aymara. The hypothesis of the existence of Quechuamara was originally posted by linguist Norman McQuown in 1955. Terrence Kaufman finds the proposal reasonably convincing, but Willem Adelaar ,

60-687: A vowel, even in loanwords: Spanish habas ("beans") became Aymara hawasa and Jaqaru háwaša . This feature is not found in other Andean language. Like Quechuan languages, Aymaran languages are highly agglutinative. However, they differ in that many agglutinative suffixes trigger vowel suppression in the preceding roots. An example is the loss of final vowel in the word apa ("to take"), when it becomes ap-su ("to take out"). Aymaran consists of two or three languages: Aymara has approximately 2.2 million speakers; 1.7 million in Bolivia , 350,000 in Peru , and

75-1010: The Kechua , Kunza , Leko , Uru-Chipaya , Arawak , and Pukina language families due to contact. Aymaran languages have only three phonemic vowels /a i u/ , which in most varieties of Aymara and Jaqaru are distinguished by length. Length is commonly transcribed using diaereses in Aymara and length diacritics in Jaqaru. Though Aymaran languages vary in terms of consonant inventories, they have several features in common. Aymara and Jaqaru both contain phonemic stops at labial , alveolar , palatal , velar and uvular points of articulation. Stops are distinguished by ejective and aspirated features. Both also contain alveolar , palatal , and velar fricatives and several central and lateral approximants. Aymaran languages differ from Quechuan languages in that all verbal and nominal roots must end in

90-672: The 1980s, Vitarte has become one of the main receiving centers of provincial migration that, at this point, had already taken over the traditional center of Lima. This resulted in the urbanization of Ate and its integration into the Urban Agglomerate, causing the loss of the agricultural territory that it had initially, being a riverside district of the Rímac River. With commercial sectors where informal commerce abounds, such as Ceres, Villa Vitarte, Santa Clara, Huaycán and Valdiviezo. As well, as consolidated residential areas such as

105-589: The Mayorazgo and Salamanca de Monterrico urbanizations. These with better public management are located on the border with districts such as La Molina, Santiago de Surco and San Borja. The district has a total land area of 77.72 km. Its administrative center is located 355 meters above sea level . According to the 2007 census by the INEI , the district has 478,278 inhabitants and a population density of 6,154 persons/km. In 2005, there were 105,190 households in

120-438: The construction of houses for the workers and their families, who, upon settling down, formed the town of Vitarte. Meanwhile, new industries were being installed in the area, making it the main industrial center of Lima for the following decades. On February 13, 1951 with Law No. 11951, the district capital passed from the town of Ate to the town of Vitarte, which gave rise to the district being called " Ate Vitarte ". Likewise, in

135-701: The district. It is the 13th most populated district in Lima. Aymaran languages Aymaran (also Jaqi or Aru ) is one of the two dominant language families in the central Andes alongside Quechuan . The family consists of Aymara , widely spoken in Bolivia, and the endangered Jaqaru and Kawki languages of Peru. Hardman (1978) proposed the name Jaqi for the family of languages (1978), Alfredo Torero Aru 'to speak', and Rodolfo Cerrón Palomino Aymaran , with two branches, Southern (or Altiplano) Aymaran and Central Aymaran (Jaqaru and Kawki). Other names for

150-404: The family are Jaqui (also spelled Haki ) and Aimara . Quechuan languages, especially those of the south, share a large amount of vocabulary with Aymara, and the languages have often been grouped together as Quechumaran . This proposal is controversial, however; the shared vocabulary may be better explained as intensive borrowing due to long-term contact. The Aymaran urheimat may have been

165-518: The province of Lima and the districts into which it would be divided: Ancón , Ate, Carabayllo , Chorrillos , Lurigancho and Lima. It gained importance during the government of Marshal Ramón Castilla , who granted his lands, between 1855 and 1862, to the citizen Don Carlos López Aldana to protect the development of national industry. Carlos López Aldana founded the Vitarte Textile Factory in 1872 (later CUVISA), which led to

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180-523: The rest in Chile and Argentina . Jaqaru has approximately 725 speakers in central Peru, and Kawki had 9 surviving speakers as of 2005. Kawki is little documented though its relationship with Jaqaru is quite close. Initially, they were considered by Martha Hardman (on very limited data at the time) to be different languages, but all subsequent fieldwork and research has contradicted that and demonstrated that they are mutually intelligible but divergent dialects of

195-684: The southern Peruvian coast, particularly the area of the Paracas culture and the later Nazca culture . Aymaran speakers then migrated into the highlands and played a role in the Huari Empire . Sometime between the collapse of the Tiwanaku Empire and the rise of the Inca, some Aymaran speakers invaded the Altiplano , while others moved to the northwest, presumably ancestral to the Jaqaru and influencing Quechua I . Aymaran varieties were documented in

210-422: The southern Peruvian highlands (including Lucanas, Chumbivilcas, and Condesuyos) by the 1586 Relaciones geográficas, and they appear to have persisted up until the 19th century. The eastern and southern Bolivian highlands were still predominantly Aymara-speaking around 1600, but may have adopted Quechua as a result of development of the mining industry. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with

225-457: The twentieth century a continuous dismemberment of what was the original territory of Ate began for the creation of other districts such as Chaclacayo in 1926, La Victoria (1920), Santiago de Surco (1944) with which it loses its exit Sea, and in the 70s, Surco loses the sea border with the foundation of San Juan de Miraflores and Villa El Salvador ; El Agustino (1960). San Luis (1960), La Molina (1962) and Santa Anita (1989). Since

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