Atomweight (also referred to as light minimumweight , junior strawweight , junior mini-flyweight and pinweight ) is a weight class in combat sports .
89-689: In women's boxing and junior amateur boxing pinweight is, or has been, a weight class for boxers weighing in under 102 pounds (46 kg) (before 2003, 45 kg). In September 2010 the women's class in amateur boxing was partly merged into an extended 45–48 kg light flyweight division, with women weighing less than 45 kg excluded from competition. Pinweight is still defined for junior contests. Current Champions (Last updated on January 25, 2024) The atomweight division in mixed martial arts generally refers to competitors weighing less than 105 lb . Women%27s boxing Although women have participated in boxing for almost as long as
178-534: A 10-day period between 23 June and 3 July 2011. About 1.7 million tickets were available for football and 600,000 for other sports, including archery, field hockey, football, judo, boxing and volleyball. Ten sports had sold out by 8 am of the first day. During the closing ceremony of the 2008 Olympics , the Olympic Flag was formally handed over from the Mayor of Beijing to the Mayor of London . This
267-655: A disgraceful exhibition would have been staged in this country." The story was reported across the country and even internationally. In 1988 the Swedish Amateur Boxing Association sanctioned events for women. In 1997 the British Amateur Boxing Association sanctioned its first boxing competition for women. The first event was meant to be between two thirteen-year-olds, but one of the boxers dropped out because of hostile media attention. A month later, an event
356-540: A medal in each one of the six world championships. Three Indian female boxers, namely, Pinki Jangra , Mary Kom , and Kavita Chahal were placed in the world's top three in AIBA world rankings (1 March 2014) in their respective categories. Sadaf Khadem defeated French boxer Anne Chauvin in a boxing match in France on April 14, 2019; this made her the first Iranian woman to be part of an official boxing match. However,
445-477: A men's boxing match, he met a woman in the audience who claimed to have previously boxed another woman in the same venue. One of the earliest known women's boxing matches to have been advertised in print was in London between Elizabeth Wilkinson and Hannah Hyfield in 1722. Billing herself as the "European Championess", Wilkinson and her husband would also fight other mixed couples as a pair, with Wilkinson fighting
534-691: A network of roads leading between venues as the Olympic Route Network ; roads connecting all of the Olympic venues located within London. Many of these roads also contained special "Olympic lanes" marked with the Olympic rings—reserved for the use of Olympic athletes, officials, and other VIPs during the Games. Members of the public driving in an Olympic lane were subject to a fine of £130. Additionally, London buses would not include roads with Olympic lanes on their routes. Concerns were expressed at
623-606: A programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the Olympic Village is open. The Cultural Olympiad comprised many programmes, with more than 500 events spread over four years across the whole of the United Kingdom, and culminating in the London 2012 Festival . Titled "The Isles of Wonder", the opening ceremony began at 21:00 British Summer Time ( UTC +1) on 27 July in
712-467: A promotional campaign and website, Get Ahead of the Games , to help provide information related to transport during the Olympics and Paralympics. Through the campaign, TfL also encouraged the use of cycling as a mode of transport. A temporary terminal was created at Heathrow Airport to be used by 10,100 departing athletes after the Games. Up to 35% more bags than normal were expected on 13 August, which
801-678: A sports hall in Eton Manor was pulled down. The athletes' village in Portland was completed in September 2011. In November 2004, the 200-hectare (500-acre) Olympic Park plans were revealed. The plans for the site were approved in September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney and Waltham Forest. The redevelopment of the area to build the Olympic Park required compulsory purchase orders of property. The London Development Agency
890-523: A student of Digger Stanley . An attempt to hold the match in nearby Hackney instead was defeated by a campaign led by the Mayor of Hackney, who wrote, "I regard this proposed exhibition of women boxers as a gratification of the sensual ideals of a crowd of vulgar men." The Home Secretary Sir William Joynson-Hicks was among those opposing the match, claiming "the Legislature never imagined that such
979-555: A woman in the audience who claimed to have previously boxed another woman in the same venue. 2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics , officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012 , were an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , England, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football , began on 25 July at
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#17327987079441068-514: The ExCeL exhibition centre and providing a crossing every 30 seconds. The plan was to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event and 93% of them within 30 minutes of their event. The Olympic Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour. In addition, LOCOG planned for 90% of the venues to be served by three or more types of public transport. Two park-and-ride sites off
1157-510: The M25 with a combined capacity of 12,000 cars were 25 minutes away from the Olympic Park. Another park-and-ride site was planned in Ebbsfleet with a capacity for 9,000 cars where spectators could board a 10-minute shuttle train service. To get spectators to Eton Dorney , four park-and-ride schemes were set up. These Park and Ride services were operated by First Games Transport . TfL defined
1246-688: The Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , Wales, followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July. There were 10,518 athletes from 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) who participated in the 2012 Olympics. Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and the then- London mayor Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore on 6 July 2005, defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became
1335-601: The Panathinaiko Stadium that hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, with Parthenon in the background; the reverse features the Games logo, the River Thames and a series of lines representing "the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together". The medals were transferred to the Tower of London vaults on 2 July 2012 for storage. Each gold medal is 92.5 percent silver and 1.34 percent gold, with
1424-613: The Revolution of Fidel Castro in 1959. In 2018 Fabiana Bytyqi became the first female boxer from the Czech Republic to win a major world title, when she defeated Denise Castle to win the vacant WBC atomweight title. The fight took place at the Sportcentrum Sluneta in Ústí nad Labem , on 22 September 2018. She won the fight by unanimous decision, with two judges awarding her a 100–90 scorecard, while
1513-751: The Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre . Volunteers also wore photo accreditation badges that were also worn by officials, athletes, family members and media, which gained them access to specific venues and buildings around the site. Organisers estimated that some 8 million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games, and 1.5 million tickets for the Paralympic Games. LOCOG aimed to raise £375–£400 million in ticket sales. There were also free events such as marathon, triathlon and road cycling, although, for
1602-555: The Water Polo Arena were relocated elsewhere. Building parts like roofing covers and membranes of different temporary venues were recycled via VinyLoop . This allowed organisers to meet the standards of the Olympic Delivery Authority concerning environmental protection. London 2012 inaugurated Olympic Games guidelines that included the recycling of PVC, which was used for temporary buildings such as
1691-561: The 1880s. After that date, new sporting facilities were being built around the country and many new sport clubs were created. Boxing classes were being offered to women in Australia by 1892, at locations such as the Brisbane Gymnasium on Turbot Street , close to the city's railway station. While classes may have been offered for women, serious training was not permitted for women by the 1900s and women were banned from pursuing
1780-688: The 2012 Games completed its tenth and final visit to London in March 2012. Its members concluded that "London is ready to host the world this summer". The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games used a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade . After the Games, some of the new facilities would be reused in their Olympic form, while others will be resized or relocated. The majority of venues were divided into three zones within Greater London :
1869-408: The 2012 London Olympic Games. A new "gender-appropriate" women's boxing uniform was being created at the time, which would have required women (under AIBA rules) to wear skirts during competition. The issue was widely ignored by the public until amateur boxer and London student Elizabeth Plank brought the issue to light. She created a petition at Change.com to end the gender-based mandatory uniforms. It
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#17327987079441958-533: The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Designed by architects Gebler Tooth on the top floor of an office building in Westfield Stratford City, it combined the team HQ, athletes' "Friends and Family" lounge, Press Centre, and VIP lounge. IOC's initial evaluation felt that, if transport improvements were delivered in time for the Games, London would cope. Transport for London (TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including
2047-527: The 2012 Summer Olympics: Havana , Istanbul , Leipzig , London, Madrid , Moscow , New York City , Paris , and Rio de Janeiro . On 18 May 2004, as a result of a scored technical evaluation, the IOC reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris. All five submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004 and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during
2136-696: The Basketball Arena and for the temporary parts of permanent venues such as the Olympic Stadium. In the Water Polo Arena, PVC roofing was made from recycled cushions to provide insulation. Through this recycling process, the Olympic Games PVC Policy was fulfilled; the policy states: According to Kirsten Henson, Materials Manager for the London 2012 Olympic Park: "The majority of temporary facilities created for
2225-761: The Games), westbound trains did not stop at Hackney Wick railway station , and Pudding Mill Lane DLR station closed entirely during the Games. TfL also built a £25 million cable car across the River Thames , called the Emirates Air Line , to link 2012 Olympics venues. It was inaugurated in June 2012 and crosses the Thames between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks , carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour, cutting journey times between The O2 and
2314-582: The Games. Plans for the relay were developed in 2010–11, with the torch-bearer selection process announced on 18 May 2011. The torch was designed by Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby . On 18 May 2012 the Olympic flame arrived at RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall from Greece on flight BA2012, operated by a British Airways Airbus A319 named "Firefly". The relay lasted 70 days, with 66 evening celebrations and six island visits, and involved some 8,000 people carrying
2403-454: The IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that a key member of the bid team, Guy Drut , would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances. Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this was its third bid in recent years. London was initially seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin. Its position began to improve after
2492-782: The Iranian Boxing Federation distanced itself from the match and released a statement reading: As women's boxing is not a sanctioned sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran Boxing Federation, the organization, training, and participation in this sport is not related to this federation and it is the organizer and participant's responsibilities. Following the match, Khadem had plans to return to Iran, but lingering rumors of potential arrest warrants kept her in France. Khadem's representative told Reuters that authorities had issued arrest warrants against her. Hossein Soori,
2581-717: The Lexington building in Bow , announcing that a missile system was to be stationed on top of the water tower. This caused concern to some residents. The Ministry said it probably would use Starstreak missiles and that site evaluations had taken place, but that no final decision had taken place. Approximately 4,700 Olympic and Paralympic medals were produced by the Royal Mint at Llantrisant . They were designed by David Watkins (Olympics) and Lin Cheung (Paralympics). 99% of
2670-532: The Olympic Games including the Aquatic centre temporary stands, basketball arena, Water Polo Arena, and the shooting facilities at the Royal Artillery Barracks , are essentially big tents. Basically, PVC stretched over lightweight steel frame. This design solution makes them efficient to install, reduces the need for any significant foundations and are, of course, reusable. We were challenged by
2759-624: The Olympic Stadium. Oscar-winning director Danny Boyle was artistic director and Rick Smith of Underworld was musical director. The opening ceremony was immediately seen as a tremendous success, widely praised as a "masterpiece" and "a love letter to Britain". The principal sections of the artistic display represented Britain's Industrial Revolution , National Health Service , literary heritage, popular music and culture , and were noted for their vibrant storytelling and use of music. The Games were officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II , accompanied by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . This
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2848-812: The Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. In addition there were a few venues that, by necessity, were outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy some 125 mi (201 km) southwest of London, which hosted the sailing events. The football tournament was staged at several grounds around the UK. Work began on the Park in December 2006, when
2937-402: The Olympics , having won bronze in women’s 75 kg boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics . In Argentina, women's boxing has experienced a notable rise in popularity, due in part to the presence of boxers such as Alejandra Oliveras , Marcela Acuna , Yesica Bopp and Erica Farias . While not being urged to avoid competition, women had few opportunities to compete in sport in Australia until
3026-509: The Olympics, Katie Taylor won an Olympic gold medal in boxing; she was the first ever Olympic female lightweight champion. In 2020 and 2024, Kellie Harrington won a gold medal in boxing at the Olympics; this made her the first Irish boxer to win consecutive Olympic gold medals. In 1998 Laura Serrano was supposed to fight in Mexico City, but the match was canceled due to a 1947 ban against women boxing in Mexico City. The ban
3115-494: The Tickets For Troops scheme, as well as to survivors and families of those who died during the 7 July 2005 London bombings . Initially, people were able to apply for tickets via a website from 15 March until 26 April 2011. There was a huge demand for tickets, with a demand of more than three times the number of tickets available. On 11 May 2012 a round of nearly one million "second chance" tickets went on sale over
3204-492: The announcement. 12 years later, Paris would later be chosen as the host of the 2024 games in 2017. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games, and held its first board meeting on 3 October 2005. The committee, chaired by Lord Coe , was in charge of implementing and staging the Games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA), established in April 2006,
3293-501: The appointment of Lord Coe as the new chair of the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) on 19 May 2004. In late August 2004, reports predicted a tie between London and Paris. On 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive. London
3382-510: The bid. The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold medals (48) and the highest number of medals overall (104). China finished second with a total of 91 medals (38 gold) and Great Britain came third with 65 medals overall (29 gold). Michael Phelps of the United States became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal. Saudi Arabia , Qatar and Brunei entered female athletes for
3471-411: The closing act. Broadcast live on BBC One , the ceremony attracted a peak viewing audience of over 27 million in the UK. The closing ceremony was held on 12 August. It featured a flashback fiesta to British music with The Who closing the performance. The ceremony also included a handover of the Olympic flag by Boris Johnson , Mayor of London , to Eduardo Paes , Mayor of Rio de Janeiro ,
3560-592: The country at the boxing world championships. Naomi Fischer-Rasmussen was the first female boxer to represent Australia at the Olympics when she competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics . Caitlin Parker became the first Australian female boxer to win an Olympic medal when she won bronze at the 2024 Summer Olympics . In 2023, women competed in boxing at the Canada Games for the first time. Talia Birch of Team Quebec and Emily Vigneault of Team Alberta won
3649-459: The end of the 20th century and approved the first European Cup for Women in 1999 and the first World Championship for women in 2001. In October 2001 the first women's world amateur boxing championships, called the 2001 Women's World Amateur Boxing Championships , were held in Scranton , in the United States. Women's boxing was not featured at the 2008 Olympics ; however, on 14 August 2009, it
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3738-683: The expansion of the London Overground 's East London Line , upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line , and the introduction of a new " Javelin " high-speed rail service. According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services operated during the Games, and train operators ran longer trains during the day. During the Games, Stratford International station was not served by any international services (just as it had not been before
3827-587: The figure of 13,500 armed forces personnel was greater than the number deployed at the time in Afghanistan. The Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines carried out security exercises in preparation for the Olympics on 19 January 2012, with 50 marine police officers in rigid inflatables and fast response boats, joined by up to 100 military personnel and a Royal Navy Lynx helicopter . The Ministry of Defence distributed leaflets to residents of
3916-566: The final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Belgian Jacques Rogge , who was succeeded by German Thomas Bach the next year. London was chosen over Birmingham to represent Great Britain 's bid by the British Olympic Association . By 15 July 2003—the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the International Olympic Committee (IOC)—nine cities had submitted bids to host
4005-446: The final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore . Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two contenders were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes to 50. The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by bombings on London's transport system less than 24 hours after
4094-406: The fire to the 204 petals of the cauldron , representing the countries that participated in the Games. The cauldron was designed by Thomas Heatherwick . The Olympic Park was planned to incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, with a total of 525 bird boxes and 150 bat boxes. Local waterways and riverbanks were enhanced as part of the process. Renewable energy also featured at the Olympics. It
4183-559: The first Canada Games gold medals for boxing in their divisions; Birch won in the 52-kg female division and Vigneault won in the 60-kg female division. Those were the only female divisions in boxing in the 2023 Canada Games. In 2024, Ruru Yang Sheau-ru became Hong Kong ’s first woman professional boxer to win a world title, due to winning the Women’s International Boxing Association super bantamweight belt by defeating Tanwarat Saengiamjit from Thailand. The match
4272-622: The first Norwegian and the first woman to hold all major world championship belts in her weight division (welterweight) in boxing history. In 2015 the World Boxing Federation unified various women's titles to have one title holder. In 2024, Cindy Ngamba became the first boxer chosen for the Refugee Olympic Team; later that year she became the first medalist for the Refugee Olympic Team at
4361-534: The first city to host the modern Olympics three times, having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare (490-acre) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site in Stratford, East London . The Games also used venues that already existed before
4450-486: The first professional women's boxing match held in Saudi Arabia. In 2024 Im Ae-ji became the first South Korean woman to win any Olympic medal in boxing; she won a bronze medal. In 1988 the Swedish Amateur Boxing Association sanctioned events for women. One of the earliest mentions of women's boxing is in the travelogue of a German man who visited London in 1710. While taking in a men's boxing match, he met
4539-475: The first professional women’s boxing match held in Saudi Arabia. In 2023, Ragad Al-Naimi became the first Saudi female professional boxer, by having her first professional fight; she won against Perpetual Okaidah in a fight held in Diriyah . In 2024, Skye Nicolson of Australia defeated Raven Chapman of the United Kingdom in what was the first women's world title boxing fight held in Saudi Arabia and
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#17327987079444628-639: The first three women boxers (and the first Dutch woman boxer) elected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame ; 2019 was the first year that women were on the ballot. In 2024 Pang Chol-mi became the first Korean woman, and the first North Korean woman, to win any Olympic medal in boxing; she won a bronze medal. In 2017, fighting on the Shawn Porter vs. Andre Berto undercard, Puerto Rican boxer Amanda Serrano dominated Dahiana Santana en route to an eighth-round KO victory to win
4717-530: The first time in Olympic history, the sailing events were ticketed. Eventually, more than 7,000,000 tickets were sold. Following IOC rules, people applied for tickets from the NOC of their country of residence. European Union residents were able to apply for tickets in any EU country. In Great Britain, ticket prices ranged from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Some free tickets were given to military personnel as part of
4806-643: The first time, meaning that every currently eligible country has now sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games. Women's boxing was included for the first time, and the 2012 Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors. The Games received considerable praise for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm commended particularly highly. The Games were described as " happy and glorious ". The opening ceremony , directed by Academy Award winner Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim. These were
4895-461: The first women’s bout to be on a Riyadh Season show. She won by unanimous decision. Ramla Ali was the first boxer to win an international gold medal while representing Somalia. Later, in 2021, she competed in the women's featherweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics . Although she lost her first fight, she became the first boxer ever to represent Somalia on the Olympic stage. In 2022, she defeated Dominican boxer Crystal Garcia Nova in
4984-552: The gold, silver and copper was donated by Rio Tinto from a mine in Salt Lake County, Utah in the U.S. The remaining 1% came from a Mongolian mine. Each medal weighs 375–400 g (13.2–14.1 oz), has a diameter of 85 mm (3.3 in) and is 7 mm (0.28 in) thick, with the sport and discipline engraved on the rim. The obverse, as is traditional, features Nike , the Greek goddess of victory, stepping from
5073-461: The head of Iran's boxing federation, denied Khadem would be arrested, attributing the information to “media linked to Saudi Arabia”. In 1997, Deirdre Gogarty challenged Bonnie Canino for the Women's International Boxing Federation 's Women's World Featherweight Championship. Gogarty won, making her the first Irishwoman to win any boxing world title; the fight occurred in the United States. In February 1999, Deirdre Nelson, from County Antrim ,
5162-418: The logistics of spectators travelling to the events outside London. In particular, the sailing events at Portland had no direct motorway connections, and local roads are heavily congested by tourist traffic in the summer. However, a £77 million relief road connecting Weymouth to Dorchester was built and opened in 2011. Some £16 million was put aside for the rest of the improvements. TfL created
5251-431: The opportunity to recover energy from waste. Where it could not be reused or recycled, food packaging for use at the Olympics—including fast-food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons—was made from compostable materials like starch and cellulose-based bioplastics . After use, many of these materials were suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy. Post-Games, buildings like
5340-400: The original budget for the Games was increased to about £9.3 billion (US$ 15.28 billion) in 2007. The revised figures were announced to the House of Commons on 15 March 2007 by Tessa Jowell . Along with East End regeneration costs, the breakdown was: Unpaid volunteers known as Games Makers performed a variety of tasks before and during the Games. A target of 70,000 volunteers
5429-444: The original venues not being challenging enough or being financially unviable. Both the Olympic road races and the mountain bike event were initially considered to be too easy, so they were eventually scheduled on new locations. The Olympic marathon course , which was set to finish in the Olympic stadium, was moved to The Mall, since closing Tower Bridge was deemed to cause traffic problems in central London. North Greenwich Arena 2
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#17327987079445518-543: The other woman, and her husband fighting the other man. In those days, the rules of boxing allowed kicking, gouging and other methods of attack not part of today's arsenal. Women's boxing first appeared in the Olympic Games as a demonstration sport in 1904, in St. Louis . During the 1920s, Professor Andrew Newton formed a Women's Boxing Club in London. However women's boxing was hugely controversial. In early 1926, Shoreditch borough council banned an arranged exhibition match between boxers Annie Newton and Madge Baker,
5607-426: The public around the use of PVC; but we considered it to be the right material for certain functions. We therefore challenged the PVC supply chain to have certain environmental performance criteria in place, including a take back and recycle scheme." The Olympic Charter , the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olympic Games and for governing the Olympic Movement, states that LOCOG shall organise
5696-404: The remainder copper. The silver medal is 92.5 percent silver, with the remainder copper. The bronze medal is made up of 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc, and 0.5 per cent tin. The value of the materials in the gold medal was about £410 (US$ 644), the silver about £210 (US$ 330), and the bronze about £3 (US$ 4.71) as of 30 July 2012. The Olympics torch relay ran from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before
5785-487: The security operation (named Operation Olympics by the Ministry of Defence), with 10,000 officers available, supported by 13,500 members of the British Armed Forces . Naval and air assets were deployed as part of the security operation, including ships situated in the Thames , Typhoon fighter jets and surface-to-air missiles; it was the biggest security operation Britain had faced in decades. The cost of security increased from £282 million to £553 million, and
5874-443: The sport has existed, female fights have been effectively outlawed for most of boxing's history until recently, with athletic commissioners refusing to sanction or issue licenses to women boxers, and most nations officially banning the sport. Reports of women entering the ring go back to the 18th century. One of the earliest mentions of women's boxing is in the travelogue of a German man who visited London in 1710. While taking in
5963-410: The sport in a competitive way. Women were also barred from attending boxing matches. New South Wales banned women's boxing from 1986 to 2009. Women's boxing was resumed in NSW with an exhibition fight between Kaye Scott and Ramona Stephenson in October 2009. Women's boxing was legalized in Queensland in 2000. In 2002, Desi Kontos of South Australia became the first Australian woman to represent
6052-418: The third judge awarded her a 99–91 scorecard. In 2019 the first female boxing club in the Gaza Strip , the Palestinian Center of Boxing for Women, opened. Sarah Lotus Asare, the first female boxing matchmaker licensed under the Ghana Boxing Authority, debuted as a matchmaker on August 26, 2023. Mary Kom of India is a five-time World Amateur Boxing champion. She is the only woman boxer to have won
6141-557: The torch about 8,000 mi (12,875 km), starting from Land's End in Cornwall. The torch had three days outside the United Kingdom when it visited the Isle of Man on 2 June, Dublin in Ireland, on 6 June, and both Guernsey and Jersey on 15 July. The relay focused on National Heritage Sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces and biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations with large screens), and festivals and other events. Dumfries and Galloway
6230-423: The vacant World Boxing Organization bantamweight belt, which made her the first female boxer to win world titles in five weight divisions. Nesthy Petecio won a silver medal in the inaugural women's featherweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics , making her the first Filipino woman to win an Olympic medal in boxing. In 2022, Somalian boxer Ramla Ali defeated Dominican boxer Crystal Garcia Nova in
6319-423: The wider United Kingdom. The organisation was also responsible for the supervision of the £9.3 billion of public sector funding. In August 2011, security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London, following the 2011 England riots . Some countries expressed safety concerns, despite the IOC's assurance that the riots would not affect the Games. The IOC's Coordination Commission for
6408-453: Was $ 1.4 million. This does not include wider costs for urban and transport infrastructure, which often equal or exceed the sports-related costs. The costs of staging the Games were separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games were privately funded, the venues and infrastructure were largely financed using public money. According to The Wall Street Journal ,
6497-496: Was announced that the International Olympic Committee's Executive Board (EB) had approved the inclusion of women's boxing for the Games in London in the 2012 Olympics , contrary to the expectations of some observers. Around these (2009) hearings, in conjunction with AIBA (International Boxing Association), the International Olympic Committee agreed to include three additional women's weight classes to
6586-749: Was awarded £1,500 in compensation. The Employment Equality Authority (based in Dublin ) stated that the Boxing Union of Ireland had discriminated against Nelson, violating the Employment Equality Act of 1977. In 2001, Irishwoman Katie Taylor won the first officially sanctioned female boxing match in Ireland, at the National Stadium , defeating Alanna Audley from Belfast . In 2012, the first year women competed in boxing at
6675-444: Was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluations. On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, Jacques Rogge said, "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less." On 6 July 2005,
6764-485: Was eventually decided (before the 2012 Olympics) to give women boxers the option of wearing shorts or a skirt. Women were allowed to competitively box for the first time at the Olympics during the 2012 Summer Olympics , in London, producing the world's first 12 female Olympic medalist boxers. Nicola Adams of Great Britain won the world's first Olympic women's boxing gold medal. On 14 September 2014, after defeating Croatian Ivana Habazin , Cecilia Brækhus became
6853-663: Was eventually ended. In 2015 Serrano became the first female Mexican boxer inducted into the International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame . In 2005 Mexican female boxer Jackie Nava became the first woman to win a female world title fight sanctioned by the WBC . On September 14 2014, after defeating Croatian Ivana Habazin , Cecilia Brækhus became the first Norwegian and the first woman to hold all major world championship belts in her weight division (welterweight) in boxing history. In 2019, Lucia Rijker became one of
6942-691: Was followed by a section highlighting London, One month later, the Olympic and Paralympic flags were raised outside the London City Hall . A countdown clock in Trafalgar Square was unveiled, 500 days before the Games. It was a two-sided clock with the Paralympic countdown on the other side. The countdown to the start of the Olympics began with a ceremony for the lighting of the Olympic flame in Olympia, Greece . The police led
7031-686: Was granted a professional boxing licence by the British Boxing Board of Control , which gave her the right to box anywhere within the European Boxing Union . However, the Boxing Union of Ireland forbid her to box until guidelines on women’s boxing were issued by the European Boxing Union in September 1999. In 2001 Nelson won a sex discrimination case against the Boxing Union of Ireland due to this; she
7120-545: Was held between two sixteen-year-olds. The British Boxing Board of Control refused to issue licenses to women until they issued one to Jane Couch in 1998. By the end of the century, however, they had issued five such licenses. The first sanctioned professional bout between women in the U.K. was in November 1998 at Streatham in London, between Jane Couch and Simona Lukic. Couch won. The International Boxing Association (amateur) accepted new rules for women's boxing at
7209-522: Was held in Bangkok . Later that year, Chang Yuan defeated Turkish boxer Hatice Akbaş by 5-0 to win the gold medal in women's 54 kg boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics , which made Chang the first Chinese female boxer to win a gold medal at any Olympics. In 2022 women became allowed to participate officially in the sport of boxing in Cuba, for the first time since they were banned from doing so during
7298-467: Was in charge of construction of the venues and infrastructure. The Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), was the lead government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. It focused on oversight of the Games, cross-programme management, and the London 2012 Olympic Legacy before and after the Games that would benefit London and
7387-409: Was in dispute with London and Continental Railways about the orders in November 2005. By May 2006, 86% of the land had been bought as businesses fought eviction. Residents who opposed the eviction tried to find ways to stop it by setting up campaigns, but they had to leave as 94% of land was bought and the other 6% bought as a £9 billion regeneration project started. There were some issues with
7476-485: Was originally planned to provide 20% of the energy for the Olympic Park and Village from renewable technologies; however, only 9% of it was achieved. Proposals to meet the original target included large-scale on-site wind turbines and hydroelectric generators in the River Thames, but these plans were scrapped for safety reasons. The focus subsequently moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing
7565-521: Was predicted to be the busiest day in the airport's history, according to Nick Cole, head of Olympic and Paralympic planning at Heathrow. A study from Oxford University found that the sports-related costs of London 2012 amounted to US$ 15 billion, compared with $ 4.6 billion for Rio 2016, $ 40–44 billion for Beijing 2008, and $ 51 billion for Sochi 2014 (the most expensive Olympics in history). London 2012 went over budget by 76% in real terms, measured from bid to completion. The cost per athlete
7654-498: Was scrapped in a cost-cutting exercise, Wembley Arena being used for badminton and rhythmic gymnastics events instead. Test events were held throughout 2011 and 2012, either through an existing championship such as 2012 Wimbledon Championships or as a specially created event held under the banner of London Prepares . Team GB House was the British Olympic Association's operational HQ up to and during
7743-522: Was set as early as 2004. When recruitment took place in 2010, more than 240,000 applications were received. Sebastian Coe said in February 2012, "Our Games Makers will contribute a total of around eight million volunteer hours during the Games and the Games simply wouldn't happen without them". The volunteers wore clothing that included purple and red polo shirts and jackets, beige trousers, grey socks and grey-and-white trainers , which they collected from
7832-471: Was the only Region in the whole of the United Kingdom that had the Olympic Torch pass through it twice. A group of young athletes, nominated by retired Olympic athletes, ran the torch around the stadium. These torchbearers were Callum Airlie , Jordan Duckitt , Desiree Henry , Katie Kirk , Cameron MacRitchie , Aidan Reynolds, and Adelle Tracey . Together the torchbearers each lit a petal that spread
7921-786: Was the second Olympic Games opened personally by the Queen, the first being in 1976 in Montreal , Canada. The ceremony featured a short comic film starring Daniel Craig as secret agent James Bond and the Queen as herself. There was also a musical comedy item starring Rowan Atkinson as Mr. Bean playing along with the London Symphony Orchestra . These were widely ascribed to Britain's sense of humour . Live musical performers included Frank Turner , Dame Evelyn Glennie , Mike Oldfield , Dizzee Rascal , Arctic Monkeys , and Sir Paul McCartney who performed " Hey Jude " as
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