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133-922: Originally introduced in athletics in 2017 following the Russian doping scandal which first came to light in December 2014, the term was introduced to other sports following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Quoting a breach of the Olympic Truce by the Russian government in which Belarus was complicit, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recommended suspending all teams, officials and competitors from Russia and Belarus from being involved in sport due to security concerns, while allowing individuals to compete in

266-534: A CAS arbitrator. WADA's president Craig Reedie said, "WADA is disappointed that the IOC did not heed WADA's Executive Committee recommendations that were based on the outcomes of the McLaren Investigation and would have ensured a straight-forward, strong and harmonized approach." On the IOC's decision to exclude Stepanova, WADA director general Olivier Niggli stated that his agency was "very concerned by

399-735: A Moscow drug-testing laboratory had covered up her doping. Russian long-distance runner Liliya Shobukhova allegedly paid €450,000 to cover up her positive doping result. According to the allegations, Dr. Sergei Portugalov of the Institute for Physical Culture, who stands accused of organising state-sponsored doping in the Soviet Union, dating back to the early 1980s, was also involved in the recent Russian doping programme. In January 2015, then- All-Russia Athletic Federation (ARAF) President Valentin Balakhnichev resigned as treasurer of

532-453: A Russian anti-doping group. In September 2017, WADA rejected Russia's claims that WADA should be held responsible for Rodchenkov, noting that Russia had chosen to appoint him as head of the Moscow laboratory. The organisation also stated, "WADA would expect the Russian authorities to take responsibility for this deliberate system of cheating that was uncovered by the McLaren Investigation – as

665-575: A bargaining chip in dirty political games", bringing the eventual total to 168. 2022 FIA Formula 3 Championship The 2022 FIA Formula 3 Championship was a motor racing championship for Formula 3 cars that was sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship was the thirteenth season of Formula 3 racing and the fourth season run under the FIA Formula 3 Championship moniker. It

798-434: A cover-up included five blind powerlifters, who may have been given drugs without their knowledge, and a fifteen-year-old. An IAAF taskforce announced that Russia could not be reinstated because the country still had no functional drug-testing agency and had not accepted the findings of investigations. In February 2017, All-Russia Athletic Federation vice-president Andrey Silnov held a press conference in Moscow alongside

931-413: A delay, Martins was classified fourth, enough to declare him champion. Maloney's third consecutive feature race win promoted him to second in the standings. Points were awarded to the top ten classified finishers in both races. The feature race pole-sitter also received two points, and one point was given to the driver who set the fastest lap inside the top ten in both races. No extra points were awarded to

1064-623: A drugs test later on in the year. An ARD documentary in June 2016 implicated Russian sports minister Vitaly Mutko in covering up doping by a football player at FK Krasnodar. In the same month, IAAF deputy general secretary Nick Davies was provisionally suspended over allegations that he took money to delay naming Russian athletes. According to the BBC, emails from July 2013 showed that Davies had discussed how to delay or soften an announcement on Russians who had tested positive. In June 2016, WADA released

1197-664: A former Soviet competitor who said that East German successes due to state-sponsored doping are legitimate results of "good pharmacology" and should not be condemned. Later that month, WADA stated that evidence against many individuals named in the McLaren report might be insufficient because the Moscow laboratory had disposed of doping samples and Russian authorities were not answering requests for additional evidence. An IAAF taskforce chaired by Rune Andersen published an interim report in April 2017. President Sebastian Coe stated, "There

1330-512: A functioning NADO for any sport. In November 2015, France began a criminal investigation into former IAAF president Lamine Diack , alleging that he accepted a 1 million euro bribe from the ARAF in 2011 to cover up positive doping results of at least six Russian athletes. In January 2016, the IAAF gave lifetime bans to the former head of the Russian athletics federation, Valentin Balakhnichev , and

1463-514: A further appeal to the CAS, in a final attempt to secure an invitation to the Games. This appeal was dismissed on 9 February 2018, the day of the opening ceremony, a decision that was welcomed by the IOC. An original pool of 500 Russians was put forward for consideration for the 2018 Games and 111 of them were immediately eliminated from the pool; this included the 43 competitors who had been sanctioned by

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1596-588: A little bit ahead of those cheating but you cannot avoid a system like the Russians built up." On 7 December 2016, Yelena Isinbayeva became the chair of the supervisory board of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency . On 9 December 2016, McLaren published the second part of his report . The report claimed that from 2011 to 2015, more than 1,000 Russian competitors in various sports (including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports) benefited from

1729-485: A neutral capacity. The idea of competing as "neutral athletes" was first proposed in 2016 by the World Anti-Doping Agency and the governing body of athletics, International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) at the conclusion of an investigation into Russian state manipulation of doping controls. Around the same time, Russian track and field athlete Yuliya Stepanova requested to compete as

1862-580: A neutral instead of representing her country at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games . The IOC ruled against the proposal stating that it ran contrary to the Olympic Charter, also announcing they would continue to permit Russian competitors at the games subject to approval by the international federation concerned of the sports composing the games, and doping clearance approved outside of Russia. The IAAF had already imposed an outright ban on track and field athletes competing but following an appeal at

1995-458: A penalty for colliding with Vidales, dropped to fifth in the championship. Zak O'Sullivan claimed his and Carlin's maiden FIA Formula 3 pole in qualifying at Silverstone Circuit , while Reece Ushijima earned his first start from pole in the reverse-grid sprint race. Ushijima was overtaken by championship leader Victor Martins at the first corner. Isack Hadjar, who started the race fourth, had passed Kush Maini and Ushijima to run in second place when

2128-831: A person at the organization put him in contact with the German broadcaster ARD . WADA's chief investigator Jack Robertson believed that the organization was reluctant to take action and that media attention was necessary, so he obtained the permission of WADA's director-general, David Howman, to approach an investigative reporter called Hajo Seppelt , who had previously reported on doping in East Germany and other countries. In December 2014, ARD aired Seppelt's documentary, "Geheimsache Doping: 'Wie Russland seine Sieger macht'" ("The Doping Secret: 'How Russia Creates its Champions'") , which uncovered alleged Russian state involvement in systematic doping, describing it as " East German-style ". In

2261-610: A previous two-year doping ban in 2008–2010), Pishchalnikova was banned by the Russian Athletics Federation (RusAF) for ten years, in a move that was likely in retaliation. Her results from May 2012 were annulled, thus setting her on track to lose her Olympic medal. British journalist Nick Harris said that he contacted the IOC with allegations about Grigory Rodchenkov 's laboratory in Moscow in early July 2013. According to Stepanov, "Even at WADA there were people who didn't want this story out," but he said that

2394-535: A report stating that the work of its Doping Control Officers (DCO) had been limited by a "significant amount of unavailable competitor reports and missed tests", insufficient or incorrect competitor location information, and little information about the location or date of competitions. Some competitors named military cities requiring special permission to enter as their location and some national championships, including Olympic qualifiers, were held in cities with restricted access due to civil conflicts, preventing testing of

2527-428: A state-sponsored doping programme in which urine samples were switched through a "mouse hole" in the laboratory's wall. Tamper-resistant bottles were opened in a nearby building and the urine samples were replaced with athletes' urine taken months in advance. Rodchenkov said that at least fifteen medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics were involved. On 19 May, WADA appointed Richard McLaren to lead an investigation into

2660-540: A top Russian coach, Aleksey Melnikov . In mid-January, WADA released the second report by its independent commission. The following month, the United Kingdom Anti-Doping (UKAD) agency was tasked to oversee testing in Russia. Two former directors of RUSADA , Vyacheslav Sinev and Nikita Kamaev , both died unexpectedly in February 2016. The Sunday Times reported that Kamaev had approached

2793-536: A whistleblower. The head of the Russian Ski Association , Yelena Välbe , told the press that "whistleblowers are traitors to their country" shortly thereafter. Russia's ski team coach went even further and accused Ilia Chernousov (a skier who won a bronze medal in the 50 km freestyle event ) of "leaking information" to WADA. On 11 November 2017, it was revealed that Grigory Rodchenkov had provided new evidence of Russian state-sponsored doping to

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2926-482: Is being applied now. Not all Kuwait competitors banned from competing in Rio under their own flag were supporters of the regime, and not all South African participants were supporters of apartheid , but the greater good called for South Africa to be expelled." Germany's Deutsche Welle wrote of "troublesome questions, like why Kuwait's Olympic federation faced a ban from Rio, while Russia's did not. Kuwait's tiny team [...]

3059-643: Is included on entry lists as having an 'AND' license, meanwhile in the GT World Challenge Europe , Russian drivers appear on entry lists as having ND license and nationality on profiles and no flag is ever presented in either championship. In cycling, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) also permitted athletes to continue competing in a neutral capacity whilst banning all Russian and Belarusian teams, officials and events. The UCI requested event organisers to replace

3192-629: Is stipulated within RUSADA's Roadmap to Compliance – rather than continually shifting the blame onto others." Seventeen national anti-doping organisations criticised the IOC for a "continuing refusal to hold Russia accountable for one of the biggest doping scandals in sports history" and "dereliction of duty [sending] a cynical message that those of favored, insider nations within the Olympic Movement will never be punished or held accountable". They stated that cases had been "shut prematurely before

3325-462: Is testing but it is still far too limited. The Russian investigative committee is still refusing to hand over competitor biological passport samples for independent testing from labs, we still have got competitors in closed cities that are difficult or impossible to get to, the ongoing employment of coaches from a tainted system, and we have got the head coach of RUSAF effectively refusing to sign their own pledge to clean athletics." The report also noted

3458-405: Is threatening us and our informers", mentioning daily hacking attempts and bugging of houses. He said that the agency had "a pretty good suspicion" that the hackers were Russian and that Western governments were already familiar with them. He stated, "I think this will cease if they stop looking at us as an enemy, and instead accept that there is a problem that we must work together to solve. But for

3591-708: The New York Times , Rodchenkov reported that Yuri Nagornykh, the deputy minister of sport, had asked him to incriminate a Ukrainian competitor, Vita Semerenko , during a competition in Moscow leading up to the Olympics . Rodchenkov did not comply, convincing the minister that a retest of the drug sample would show the drugs had been spiked into the sample rather than passed through a human body. "I could not have done this to an innocent athlete," he said. "During my career, I reported many Dirty Samples as clean, but never

3724-550: The 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union, a 1989 Australian study said, "There is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner, who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might as well have been called the Chemists' Games." Documents obtained in 2016 revealed the Soviet Union's plans for a statewide doping system in track and field in preparation for

3857-538: The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Dated prior to the country's decision to participate in the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott , the document detailed the existing steroids operations of the program, along with suggestions for further enhancements. The communication, directed to the Soviet Union's head of track and field, was prepared by Dr. Sergei Portugalov of the Institute for Physical Culture . Portugalov

3990-611: The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. On 15 March 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that they were re-analyzing stored urine samples from the 2008 and 2012 Olympics using more advanced analytical methods to detect banned substances that would have gone unnoticed at the time of competition. Specific sports and countries were targeted, including in particular competitors likely to compete in Rio de Janeiro who also competed in London 2012 and Beijing 2008. Participants from

4123-567: The 2016 Summer Olympics . On 18 July 2016, Richard McLaren , a Canadian attorney retained by WADA to investigate Rodchenkov's allegations, published a 97-page report covering significant state-sponsored doping in Russia. Although limited by a 57-day time frame, the investigation found corroborating evidence after conducting witness interviews, reviewing thousands of documents, analysis of hard drives, forensic analysis of urine sample collection bottles, and laboratory analysis of individual competitor samples, with "more evidence becoming available by

Authorised Neutral Athletes - Misplaced Pages Continue

4256-637: The 2021 Formula Regional European Championship . David Schumacher moved to DTM and was replaced by Roman Staněk , returning for his third year in the series after driving with Hitech Grand Prix in 2021. Prema Racing 's Dennis Hauger left Formula 3 after winning the championship in 2021 and joined Formula 2 with the team. His seat was taken by Ferrari -backed ADAC and Italian F4 champion Oliver Bearman . Alongside him, Prema signed Jak Crawford , moving over from Hitech Grand Prix to replace Olli Caldwell , who stepped up to Formula 2 with Campos Racing . ART Grand Prix also promoted one driver to

4389-852: The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) turned down an appeal by the Russian Olympic Committee and 68 Russian competitors. The following day, the International Paralympic Committee began suspension proceedings against the National Paralympic Committee of Russia. On 24 July, the IOC rejected WADA's recommendation to ban Russia from the Summer Olympics and announced that a decision would be made by each sport federation. With each positive decision having to be approved by

4522-536: The Court of Arbitration for Sport by Darya Klishina , a Russian Long Jumper based in the United States , the IAAF was forced to allow athletes who passed anti-doping test outside of Russia. Klishina was the only track and field athlete to represent Russia at the 2016 Olympic Games. In April 2017 at IAAF World Championships in Athletics of London 2017 , with the IAAF free to apply their own rules, approved

4655-658: The Federal Security Service (FSB) had regularly visited and questioned laboratory staff and instructed some of them not to cooperate with the WADA investigation. Two staff members said that they suspected that the offices and telephones were bugged. The report recommended that ARAF be declared non-compliant with respect to the World Anti-Doping Code and that the IOC should not accept any 2016 Summer Olympics entries from ARAF until compliance

4788-528: The Federation Internationale d'Automobile , a recognised International Sports Federation by the IOC, followed the recommendation to allow drivers, competitors and officials to continue competing in a neutral capacity. Although the FIA press release used the terms Authorised Neutral Competitor (ANC), Authorised Neutral Driver (AND) and Authorised Neutral Official (ANO), it was widely accepted that

4921-466: The Hungaroring , his first since 2020 . Campos Racing stand-in driver Oliver Goethe started first in the sprint race, which took place in wet conditions and began behind the safety car. Goethe dropped to fourth place on the opening lap, allowing Franco Colapinto into the lead. Colapinto defended from Caio Collet and Isack Hadjar through two safety car restarts before Collet ultimately overtook for

5054-545: The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). In response to the ARD documentary, WADA commissioned an investigation headed by former anti-doping agency President Dick Pound , the report of which was published on 9 November 2015. The 335-page document, described as "damning" by The Guardian , reported widespread doping and large-scale cover-ups by the Russian authorities. It stated that

5187-670: The International Biathlon Union , Anders Besseberg, said, "We are facing systematic doping on a large scale in one of the strongest teams of the world." Reviewing 7,289 blood samples from 2,737 competitors from 2001 to 2009, a report found that the number of suspicious samples from "Country A" notably exceeded other countries. One of the authors said that Country A was Russia. In October 2009, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) general secretary Pierre Weiss wrote to Valentin Balakhnichev that blood samples from Russian athletes "recorded some of

5320-609: The 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics were also being targeted as urine samples can only be stored for 10 years. The re-analysis programme would eventually conclude in November 2017. Away from the Olympics, Russian heavyweight boxer Alexander Povetkin and tennis player Maria Sharapova would both fail drug tests in March and May respectively, both testing positive for Meldonium . Russian-Finnish footballer Roman Eremenko would also fail

5453-442: The 2016 World Race Walking Team Championships ( Cheboksary ) and 2016 World Junior Championships ( Kazan ), and ARAF must entrust doping cases to Court of Arbitration for Sport . ARAF accepted the indefinite IAAF suspension and did not request a hearing. ARAF's efforts towards regaining full IAAF membership will be monitored by a five-person IAAF team. On 18 November 2015 WADA suspended RUSADA , meaning that Russia does not have

Authorised Neutral Athletes - Misplaced Pages Continue

5586-626: The 2019 World Championships in Doha. In response to the invasion, many sports' governing bodies immediately banned Russians and Belarusians from competing altogether, including in athletics whose Russians were already competing as authorised neutrals. In tennis, the International Tennis Federation allowed Russians and Belarusians to continue playing as individuals without any national representation, but did not implement any designated group or category name. In motorsport,

5719-472: The 39 competitors should only be banned from the 2018 Games, not all future Olympic Games. The remaining three Russian competitors did not appeal their decisions until March 2020 and in September 2020, two of them were cleared of doping whilst the remaining one was found guilty, however all three had their life bans overturned. After the partially successful appeal, 47 Russian competitors and coaches launched

5852-837: The Charouz Racing System number 15 car when he replaced Zdeněk Chovanec at the Hungaroring round. David Schumacher returned to Charouz Racing System for the Zandvoort weekend, replacing Christian Mansell who prioritised his Euroformula Open campaign. Also prioritising Euroformula was Campos Racing's Oliver Goethe. As Hunter Yeany was not yet fully recovered from his injury, the team drafted in Formula Regional European Championship racer Sebastián Montoya . Both Campos Racing and Charouz Racing System updated their lineups again for

5985-654: The Euroformula Open. Campos Racing fielded an all-new driver lineup as László Tóth moved to Charouz Racing System , Amaury Cordeel joined new team Van Amersfoort Racing in Formula 2 and Lorenzo Colombo left the series after one year to compete in Prema 's WEC programme. The team hired Pepe Martí , who raced for Campos' Spanish F4 team in 2021. He was partnered by Hunter Yeany , who switched from Charouz Racing System , and David Vidales , who joined

6118-459: The FIE in 2022, had assured her the day prior that it was "possible" not to shake hands, and to instead offer a touch of her blade. She said: "I thought I had his word, to be safe, but apparently, no." Kharlan then walked away, while Smirnova refused to leave the piste and made a 45-minute long sit-down protest. This was followed by Kharlan being disqualified by FIE officials. The decision was reversed

6251-584: The Games, and neither the Russian flag nor the Russian national anthem would be featured; the Olympic Flag and Olympic Anthem were to be used instead. On 20 December 2017, the IOC proposed an alternative logo for the OAR competitors' uniforms (shown on right). IOC President Thomas Bach said that "after following due process [the IOC] has issued proportional sanctions for this systematic manipulation while protecting

6384-421: The IOC or IFs have obtained complete evidence from the Moscow laboratory or interviewed the relevant witnesses". An additional 20 NADOs have signed on. In November 2017, the IOC disciplinary commission headed by Denis Oswald imposed its first sanctions after a year-long Sochi investigation. As of 22 December 2017, 43 Russian competitors had been sanctioned and 13 medals had been stripped. On 10 November 2017,

6517-491: The IOC, noting that he would consider going public if the Schmid Commission did not give due weight to his evidence in any public findings. On 16 November 2017, WADA announced that Russia remained non-compliant with its Code. On 26 November 2017, IAAF decided to maintain Russia's ban from international track and field competitions, saying the country had not done enough to tackle doping. In an interview with

6650-585: The IPC Rules and was proportionate in the circumstances" and that Russia "did not file any evidence contradicting the facts on which the IPC decision was based". The Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland rejected another appeal by Russia, saying that the RPC "needed to demonstrate it had fulfilled its obligations in upholding... anti-doping protocols, and that its interests in an immediate lifting of its suspension outweigh

6783-577: The IPC's Governing Board voted unanimously to ban the entire Russian team from the 2016 Summer Paralympics , citing the Russian Paralympic Committee's (RPC) inability to enforce the IPC's Anti-Doping Code and the World Anti-Doping Code, which is "a fundamental constitutional requirement". IPC President Sir Philip Craven described the Russian anti-doping system as "entirely compromised" and 18 July 2016 as "one of

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6916-512: The International Paralympics Committee's interests in fighting doping and in the integrity of athletics. It did not succeed in this in any way." Rejecting an appeal by ten competitors, a German court stated that the IPC had no obligation to allow them to compete and that the committee had "comprehensibly justified" its decision. In an interview with NRK , WADA's director general Olivier Niggli said that "Russia

7049-512: The Oswald Commission. The remaining 389 were required to meet a number of pre-games conditions, such as a further round of tests and re-analysis of stored samples, and they would only be considered for invitation to the Games providing these requirements were met. The final number of neutral Russian competitors that were invited to compete was 169. However, speed skater Olga Graf chose not to compete, stating that "the sport has become

7182-536: The Russian authorities, far from supporting the anti-doping effort, have in fact orchestrated systematic doping and the covering up of adverse analytical findings". The IAAF voted unanimously to uphold its ban. A week later, the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) decided to give a one-year ban to Russia, along with two other countries; on 3 August 2016 the IOC ratified the decision, and Russia's weightlifting team missed

7315-550: The Russian state being found to have supplied steroids and other drugs to athletes. Due to widespread violations of anti-doping regulations, including an attempt to sabotage ongoing investigations by the manipulation of computer data, WADA in 2019 banned the Russian Federation from all major sporting events, including the Olympic Games, for four years. In 2020 the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) reduced

7448-562: The World Anti-Doping Code and recommended that Russian participants be banned from competing at the 2016 Summer Olympics . The IOC decided to decline 2016 Summer Olympics accreditation requests by Russian sports ministry officials and any individuals implicated in the report, to begin re-analysis and a full inquiry into Russian competitors at the Sochi Olympics , and to ask sports federations to seek alternative hosts for major events that had been assigned to Russia. On 21 July 2016,

7581-474: The back. Colapinto maintained first place to record his second win of the season. Oliver Bearman improved from seventh on the grid to second at the finish line, having overtaken Caio Collet and Jonny Edgar in one corner to reach the podium. Martins was able to recover a point, making up three places on the final lap. The results of the sprint race left six drivers (Martins, Hadjar, Bearman, Maloney, Staněk and Leclerc) in mathematical championship contention going into

7714-480: The ban period to two years following an appeal by Russia. Competitors from Russia meanwhile may take part in international competitions under a neutral flag and designation. According to British journalist Andrew Jennings , a KGB colonel stated that the agency's officers had posed as anti-doping authorities from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to undermine doping tests and that Soviet competitors were "rescued with [these] tremendous efforts". Regarding

7847-465: The bout, Kharlan defeated Smirnova 15–7. At the time, and since July 1, 2020 (and reconfirmed by FIE public notice in September 2020 and in January 2021), by public written notice the FIE had replaced its previous handshake requirement with a "salute" by the opposing fencers, and written in its public notice that handshakes were "suspended until further notice." At the end of the bout the fencers came to

7980-406: The case of whistleblower Andrei Dmitriev, who had fled Russia after being threatened with imprisonment. Coe said, "Anyone with information about a system which has failed to protect the goals and aspirations of clean competitors must feel it is safe to speak out." Andersen questioned the selection of Yelena Isinbayeva , who had called for whistleblower Yuliya Stepanova to be "banned for life", as

8113-450: The center of the strip and Smirnova extended her hand to Kharlan, who in turn extended her saber in an offer to the Russian to tap blades. Kharlan said her choice of salute was meant as a sign of respect for her Russian opponent, while still acknowledging the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia. She said: I proposed the salute with the blade, she didn’t want to do it and the referee told me I could leave, and after that I warmed up for

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8246-492: The chair of RUSADA's supervisory board. Andersen stated, "It is difficult to see how this helps to achieve the desired change in culture in track and field, or how it helps to promote an open environment for Russian whistleblowers", noting that Isinbayeva had called a WADA report "groundless" without reading it, publicly criticised whistleblowers (Dmitriev and the Stepanovs), and had not signed a pledge for clean sport or endorsed

8379-468: The championship after being diagnosed with Crohn's disease and was replaced by former HWA Racelab driver Oliver Rasmussen . Federico Malvestiti returned to the championship after a year's absence, replacing Niko Kari at Jenzer Motorsport. Charouz Racing System driver Ayrton Simmons vacated his seat and was replaced by David Schumacher , who previously raced with the team in 2020 . ART Grand Prix fielded only two cars at Imola, as Juan Manuel Correa

8512-471: The championship in 2021 with Jenzer Motorsport. Smolyar returned to MP Motorsport for the fifth round at the Red Bull Ring . Euroformula Open leader Oliver Goethe stood in for Hunter Yeany at Campos Racing for the sixth round at the Hungaroring . Yeany had broken his wrist in an accident at the previous round. Goethe's Euroformula championship rival Christian Mansell became the fifth driver in

8645-467: The clean competitors." As of January 2018, the IOC had identified 43 Russian competitors from the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi that it intended to ban from competing in the 2018 Winter Olympics and all other future Olympic Games as part of the Oswald Commission . All but one of those competitors appealed against their bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The court overturned

8778-477: The competitors. WADA also reported intimidation of DCOs by armed Federal Security Service (FSB) agents; "significant delays" before being allowed to enter venues; consistent monitoring by security staff; delays in receiving competitor lists; and opening of sample packages by Russian customs. 90% of Russian competitors did not respond or "emphatically" refused when WADA requested to interview them as part of its investigation. Director-general David Howman stated, "It

8911-457: The country's poor medal count during the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver. McLaren stated that urine samples were opened in Sochi in order to swap them "without any evidence to the untrained eye". The official producer of BEREG-KIT security bottles used for anti-doping tests, Berlinger Group, stated, "We have no knowledge of the specifications, the methods or the procedures involved in

9044-417: The course of three years. In December 2012, Darya Pishchalnikova sent an email to WADA containing details of an alleged state-run doping program in Russia. According to The New York Times , the email reached three top WADA officials but the agency decided not to open an inquiry but instead forwarded her email to Russian sports officials. In April 2013, having failed a doping test for the second time (after

9177-551: The cover-up. However, McLaren later walked back from that assertion when the cases went to court, rephrasing it as not a fact but only a possibility, as recorded on page 68 of the CAS verdict for Alexander Legkov: "Prof. McLaren went on to explain that, in this respect, if his investigation obtained evidence that a particular competitor may have benefited from the scheme, then 'It didn't mean that they did benefit. It didn't mean that they committed [an] anti-doping rule violation.'" Emails indicate that those who might have benefited from

9310-413: The darkest days in the history of all sport", and stated that the Russian government had "catastrophically failed its Para athletes". IPC Athletes' Council Chairperson Todd Nicholson said that Russia had used competitors as "pawns" in order to "show global prowess". On 23 August 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport dismissed Russia's appeal, stating that the IPC's decision was "made in accordance with

9443-404: The day after Vladimir Putin accused the U.S. of stirring up problems for Russian competitors, WADA said in a news release that it had obtained an electronic file that contained "all testing data" from January 2012 to August 2015 – thousands of drug screenings run on Russian competitors. The database, which the Russian authorities were unwilling to share with antidoping investigators, arrived through

9576-614: The day". The report concluded that it was shown "beyond a reasonable doubt" that Russia's Ministry of Sport , the Centre of Sports Preparation of the National Teams of Russia, the Federal Security Service (FSB), and the WADA-accredited laboratory in Moscow had "operated for the protection of doped Russian competitors" within a "state-directed failsafe system" using "the disappearing positive [test] methodology" (DPM) after

9709-402: The documentary, Stepanov and his wife Yuliya Stepanova ( née Rusanova), claimed that Russian athletics officials had supplied banned substances in exchange for 5% of an athlete's earnings and had also falsified tests in cooperation with doping control officers. It included conversations that had been secretly recorded by Stepanova, e.g. Russian athlete Mariya Savinova saying that contacts at

9842-543: The drivers' championship, ahead of Zane Maloney (Trident) and Oliver Bearman (Prema). As the championship was a spec series , all teams and drivers that competed in the championship ran the same car, the Dallara F3 2019 . For the 2022 season, a new chassis was to be introduced, but this change had been halted by the cost-cutting measures introduced because of the COVID-19 pandemic . Van Amersfoort Racing joined

9975-426: The drivers' championship, one point behind leader Isack Hadjar. Zane Maloney claimed his second pole position of the season in qualifying at Circuit Zandvoort . Juan Manuel Correa started the sprint race from first place. Fourth-placed starter Caio Collet had a better start than Zak O'Sullivan and Grégoire Saucy, passing them both into turn one. Collet then caught and passed Correa for the lead on lap five. Collet took

10108-462: The feature race but was passed by Victor Martins and Arthur Leclerc , who started thirteenth. A track-limits time penalty later dropped Colapinto to fifth place. Martins' victory put him at the top of the drivers' championship standings at the end of the first round, one point ahead of Leclerc. Zane Maloney set the fastest qualifying time at the Imola Circuit and Franco Colapinto started

10241-407: The feature race. Zak O'Sullivan started the sprint race on reverse-grid pole position after qualifying twelfth, but was overtaken in the early laps by Oliver Bearman and eventually dropped to sixth place. Bearman crossed the finish line first but received a five-second time penalty for track limits violations, handing Isack Hadjar the race victory. Pole-sitter Colapinto held the lead for much of

10374-456: The final race, with Martins six points ahead of Hadjar and thirteen ahead of Bearman. The lead of the feature race was contested during the opening laps, with Smolyar, Maloney and Martins all trading the position. Smolyar later retired from the race with suspension damage from contact with Leclerc and Staněk. Bearman progressed to second place after passing Martins and challenged Maloney for the lead. Shortly afterwards and with five laps remaining,

10507-438: The first lap before the safety car was deployed to recover Rafael Villagómez's spun car. On lap six, Correa's car began to slow and he retired from the race, handing the lead back to Collet. The safety car was deployed again on lap 10 when Zane Maloney, Oliver Bearman and Arthur Leclerc were involved in a collision. Shortly after the restart, Jak Crawford, who had earlier overtaken Franco Colapinto for second place, passed Collet for

10640-456: The first lap, contact between O'Sullivan and second-placed Juan Manuel Correa caused damage to both cars and forced them to make pit stops for repairs. Brad Benavides inherited the lead but was soon overtaken by Oliver Bearman, who started fifth. A high-speed collision at Blanchimont corner between Oliver Goethe and Zane Maloney brought out the red flag , stopping the race for barrier repairs. Both drivers were uninjured. Bearman held his position at

10773-592: The following day. Doping in Russia#2017 Systematic doping of Russian athletes has resulted in 51 Olympic medals stripped from Russia (and Russian associated teams), four times the number of the next highest, and more than 30% of the global total. Russia has the most competitors who have been caught doping at the Olympic Games in the world, with more than 150. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has described doping among Russian competitors as state-sponsored and systematic, with

10906-472: The fourth round at Silverstone Circuit after his health improved. Charouz Racing System again changed the driver of their number 15 car, with Lirim Zendeli replaced by Zdeněk Chovanec , who last competed for the team in the final three rounds of 2021. MP Motorsport's Alexander Smolyar was unable to obtain a British visa to attend the Silverstone round and was replaced by Filip Ugran , who last raced in

11039-480: The higher rank, with Frederik Vesti graduating to the outfit's Formula 2 team. His teammate Alexander Smolyar left the team and was replaced by reigning Formula Regional European champion Grégoire Saucy . Vesti's seat was filled by Victor Martins , who moved over from MP Motorsport for his second season. MP Motorsport signed 2020 BRDC British Formula 3 runner-up Kush Maini to replace Tijmen van der Helm , who moved to endurance racing full-time. Maini

11172-551: The highest values ever seen since the IAAF started testing" and that tests from the 2009 World Championships "strongly suggest a systematic abuse of blood doping or EPO-related products". In 2010, an employee at the Russian Anti-Doping Agency ( RUSADA ), Vitaly Stepanov, began sending information to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) alleging that RUSADA was enabling systemic doping in athletics. He said that he sent two hundred emails and fifty letters over

11305-411: The lead of the championship, five points ahead of Isack Hadjar. Alexander Smolyar took pole position in the final qualifying session of the season at Monza Circuit , whilst championship contender Hadjar crashed and qualified sixteenth. Franco Colapinto started the sprint race on pole position. Championship leader Martins found the gravel on the first lap after contact with Oliver Bearman, dropping him to

11438-460: The lead to claim his first victory in FIA Formula 3. The feature race began in wet conditions behind the safety car. Pole-sitter Hadjar resisted second-placed Victor Martins at the start and extended his lead over the next 20 laps. In the closing stages of the race, contact between Francesco Pizzi and Zdeněk Chovanec (who had also collided earlier in the race) beached Chovanec in the gravel and

11571-513: The lead with two laps remaining, whilst Bearman and Grégoire Saucy were taken out of podium contention after colliding at the final corner of the final lap. Staněk's victory was his first in FIA Formula 3. At the end of the round, Victor Martins remained in the lead of the championship, level on points with Arthur Leclerc. Roman Staněk claimed feature race pole position in qualifying at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya and David Vidales started

11704-410: The lead. Collet's win was his first in FIA Formula 3, whilst teammate Kush Maini took his first podium finish. Hadjar finished fourth ahead of Victor Martins in sixth, allowing Hadjar to claim the lead of the drivers' championship by one point. The feature race began as a standing start but in damp conditions. Smolyar, Zane Maloney and Oliver Bearman maintained their top three starting places to finish

11837-503: The message that this sends whistleblowers for the future". On 30 July 2016, the IOC announced that a final decision on each competitor would be made by a newly established IOC panel consisting of Uğur Erdener , Claudia Bokel , and Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr . Originally Russia submitted a list of 389 participants for the Rio Olympics competition. On 7 August 2016, the IOC cleared 278 competitors, while 111 were removed because of

11970-491: The moment they are sending out completely the wrong signals." In October 2016, Russia's sports minister Vitaly Mutko was promoted to deputy prime minister amid allegations that Mutko had covered up a doping violation. On 3 November 2016, Russia approved an anti-doping law targeting coaches. On 15 November 2016, Berlinger introduced a new design for doping sample bottles. A spokesman later said, "We work with forensic specialists from different nations. We want to always stay

12103-546: The names, emblems and colours of the two countries with a "neutral reference or denomination" . So far, affected cyclists have not raced under any form of neutral name in events such as the Tour de France . In the Olga Kharlan handshaking incident at the 2023 World Fencing Championships , Russian sabre fencer Anna Smirnova  [ ru ] competed as an Authorised Neutral Athlete against Ukrainian Olga Kharlan . In

12236-493: The newspaper shortly before his death planning to publish a book on "the true story of sport pharmacology and doping in Russia since 1987". Grigory Rodchenkov , the director of a prominent laboratory who has been described by WADA as "the heart of Russian doping", was fired by Russian authorities and fled in fear of his safety to the United States, where he shared information with the help of filmmaker Bryan Fogel , which

12369-415: The next bout, then ... they said they wanted to talk to me. I was informed that I had received the black card, but I don’t think it was the referee. The referee’s decision – he continued – was not to give the black card. It is very cruel even towards him, it is very cruel for everyone. Kharlan said that FIE interim president Emmanuel Katsiadakis, who had succeeded Russian oligarch Alisher Usmanov as head of

12502-435: The order. Pepe Martí, who started 24th, remained on wet tyres and passed Maloney for the lead, but soon pitted for slick tyres as the safety car was deployed following a crash for Brad Benavides . As the race was restarting, Maloney spun and stalled the car, allowing Roman Staněk into the lead. Staněk was soon passed by Oliver Bearman before the safety car was deployed for a third time to recover Maloney's car. Staněk reclaimed

12635-605: The other way around." On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that the Russian Olympic Committee had been suspended with immediate effect from the 2018 Winter Olympics, but their concession was to allow those Russians with no previous drug violations and a consistent history of drug testing to compete under the Olympic Flag as an "Olympic Athlete from Russia" (OAR). Under the terms of the IOC's edict, no Russian government officials were permitted to attend

12768-541: The participation of a group of 19 Russians competing as neutral athletes , the first time the Authorised Neutral Athlete term was used. A total of eight athletes competed as neutrals at the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships . A total of nine athletes competed as neutrals at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships . A total of 30 athletes competed as neutrals at the 2018 European Athletics Championships . A total of 29 athletes competed as neutrals at

12901-474: The privilege of an invitation" and that "this [case] may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping". The IOC found it imperative to point out that the CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 competitors are innocent" and that they would consider an appeal against the court's decision. The court also downgraded the punishment by deciding that

13034-422: The race on the podium, with Smolyar claiming his first victory of the season and Maloney his first FIA Formula 3 podium. The track began to dry towards the end of the race, and some drivers, including 22nd-place starter Zak O'Sullivan, elected to change to dry-weather tyres. O'Sullivan used this advantage to rise to fourth place by the finish line. The round ended with Isack Hadjar and Victor Martins tied on points at

13167-490: The race victory, his second of the year, and Correa's second-place finish was his first podium in the category. Victor Martins took the lead of the feature race from Maloney at the first corner, but Maloney — who followed Martins closely over the following laps — retook the lead on lap twelve. A late-race safety car to recover Rafael Villagómez's beached car saw no change in the lead; Maloney claimed his second consecutive feature race victory. Martins' podium finish promoted him to

13300-437: The race. Colapinto crossed the finish line to take his and his team's first FIA Formula 3 race victory. The feature race began in damp conditions. Drivers who opted to start on wet-weather tyres had an early advantage and Caio Collet overtook eight cars on the first lap to claim the lead from pole-sitter Zane Maloney. A safety car period followed after Francesco Pizzi spun, prompting Collet to pit for slick tyres and drop down

13433-449: The restart and went on to take his first FIA Formula 3 race win. Maloney passed pole-sitter Collet on the first lap of the feature race, however both cars were off-track during the overtake. Collet forced third-placed Francesco Pizzi into the gravel upon rejoining the track, for which he was given a time penalty. The safety car was soon deployed after Kush Maini collided with Pizzi, Ido Cohen and Victor Martins. When racing resumed, Maloney

13566-482: The return of Niko Kari to the series for the first round of the season. Carlin saw their three drivers Jonny Edgar , Kaylen Frederick and Ido Cohen move to Trident , Hitech and Jenzer , respectively. The team promoted GB3 champion and new Williams junior Zak O'Sullivan from their GB3 division, and Brad Benavides and 2021 F4 UAE champion Enzo Trulli from their Euroformula Open team. Van Amersfoort Racing signed Rafael Villagómez , rejoining

13699-407: The safety car was deployed to recover the cars of Kush Maini and Brad Benavides, who had collided and hit the barriers. The red flag was then shown so the barriers could be repaired, however the race was not restarted. Martins' third-place finish would have guaranteed him the championship title, however multiple drivers including Martins were then issued time penalties for track limits violations. After

13832-413: The safety car was deployed to recover the stricken cars of Charouz Racing System teammates László Tóth and Zdeněk Chovanec , who had collided. Hadjar then overtook Martins on the penultimate lap to claim his second win of the season. An accident involving Franco Colapinto brought out the safety car on the first lap of the feature race. Arthur Leclerc overtook pole-sitter O'Sullivan just as the safety car

13965-422: The safety car was deployed. Hadjar held his lead at the restart, meanwhile a crash involving Collet, Crawford and Jonny Edgar dropped all three drivers out of the points. Hadjar took the chequered flag for his third win of the season, and first feature race victory. This promoted him to second in the drivers' championship, one point behind leader Martins. Alexander Smolyar claimed feature race pole position at

14098-418: The sanctions on 28 of the appellants, resulting in their Sochi medals and results being reinstated, but the court ruled that there was sufficient evidence against eleven of the competitors to uphold their Sochi sanctions. The IOC issued a statement saying "the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer

14231-401: The scandal (including 67 athletes removed by IAAF before the IOC's decision). Critics noted that Kuwaitis were banned from competing under their own flag (for a non-doping related matter) while Russians were permitted to do so. Due to governmental interference, Kuwaiti competitors were permitted to enter only as independent athletes . Dick Pound stated, "It is not a consistent standard which

14364-546: The season finale at Monza . Campos' Hunter Yeany returned from injury after a two-month absence as Sebastián Montoya reverted his focus to the Formula Regional European Championship. David Schumacher had to vacate his Charouz seat once more to attend his DTM commitments and was replaced by former FREC racer Alessandro Famularo , who became the sixth different driver to drive the #15 car in just nine rounds. A provisional nine-round calendar

14497-424: The series after coming tenth in the Formula Regional European Championship. Jenzer Motorsport drivers Calan Williams and Filip Ugran signed with Trident in Formula 2 and Van Amersfoort Racing in the Euroformula Open, respectively. Williams was replaced by former Carlin driver Ido Cohen . The team also signed Formula Regional European Championship podium finisher William Alatalo , and later announced

14630-487: The series after purchasing HWA Racelab 's assets in October 2021. 2021 teams' champions Trident saw two of its drivers graduate to Formula 2, Jack Doohan and Clément Novalak signing with Virtuosi Racing and MP Motorsport respectively. They were replaced by Red Bull Junior Jonny Edgar , who moved from Carlin after achieving 18th in the 2021 season, and 2019 British F4 champion Zane Maloney , who came 4th in

14763-402: The sprint race from pole and held his lead at the start. Jak Crawford gradually caught up to Vidales after passing Juan Manuel Correa , but dropped back after his attempt to overtake failed. Vidales went on to score his first FIA Formula 3 race win. Championship leader Victor Martins retired from the race with mechanical problems, allowing Arthur Leclerc, who finished fourth, to take the lead in

14896-439: The sprint race from pole position. Colapinto was passed by Caio Collet early in the sprint race, which was interrupted by two safety car periods; firstly when Zak O'Sullivan and Pepe Martí went into the gravel and secondly for a collision involving Reece Ushijima and Federico Malvestiti . Colapinto reclaimed the lead from Collet on the final lap shortly before a collision between Collet and Isack Hadjar eliminated Collet from

15029-414: The sprint race pole-sitter, as the grid for that was set by reversing the top twelve qualifiers. Points were awarded to the top 10 classified finishers. One point was awarded to the driver who set the fastest lap if he finished in the top 10. No fastest lap point was awarded if it was set by a driver outside the top 10. Points were awarded to the top ten classified finishers. Bonus points were awarded to

15162-479: The standings. Martins took the lead of the feature race from pole-sitter Staněk at the first corner. The race was interrupted by two safety cars, firstly when Rafael Villagómez and Kush Maini collided and again when Brad Benavides crashed. Martins maintained the lead to take his second race win of the season ahead of Staněk and Isack Hadjar. Martins reclaimed first place in the drivers' standings by six points over Staněk; Leclerc, classified sixteenth after receiving

15295-633: The team after racing for them in the Euroformula Open and for HWA Racelab in Formula 3 in 2021, as well as rookies Franco Colapinto , a race winner in the Formula Regional European Championship and the European Le Mans Series , and Reece Ushijima , who came fourth in the GB3 Championship. Multiple driver changes took place for the second round at the Imola Circuit . Trident driver Jonny Edgar pulled out of

15428-546: The team in the 2021 season finale. They replaced Hunter Yeany , who left for Campos Racing , and Zdeněk Chovanec . Hitech Grand Prix driver Ayumu Iwasa also graduated to Formula 2 after signing for DAMS . His replacement was new Red Bull Junior Isack Hadjar , fifth place in the Formula Regional European Championship. Jak Crawford and Roman Staněk also left the team, joining Prema Racing and Trident , respectively. They were replaced by Kaylen Frederick , moving over from Carlin , and Nazim Azman , graduating from

15561-597: The term Authorised Neutral Athlete could also be used. Indeed, in the FIA World Rally Championship , Russians including Nikolay Gryazin and Konstantin Aleksandrov began competing under the Authorised Neutral Athlete flag immediately following the ruling. Whilst it is not confirmed as the intended reason, this helps to avoid confusion with the country code AND for Andorra . In FIA Formula Three circuit racing, Russian driver Alexander Smolyar

15694-591: The tests and experiments conducted by the McLaren Commission." According to the McLaren report, the DPM operated from "at least late 2011 to August 2015". It was used on 643 positive samples, a number that the authors consider "only a minimum" due to limited access to Russian records. The system covered up positive results in a wide range of sports: In response to these findings, WADA announced that RUSADA should be regarded as non-compliant with respect to

15827-411: The top of the drivers' championship, but with Hadjar ahead by virtue of having won more races. Caio Collet took his first feature race pole position at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in a wet-to-dry qualifying session, whilst none of the championship top four (Hadjar, Martins, Leclerc and Crawford) qualified higher than twentieth. Zak O'Sullivan qualified twelfth to claim sprint race pole position. On

15960-400: The two crossed the finish line side-by-side. O'Sullivan held second place by 0.051 seconds. After the fourth round, Martins remained at the top of the drivers' championship, six points ahead of second-placed Leclerc. Isack Hadjar took his first FIA Formula 3 pole position in qualifying at the Red Bull Ring . Caio Collet started the sprint race from pole, but was passed by Juan Manuel Correa on

16093-507: The winner, 9 points for 2nd, then 8 for 3rd, descending all the way to 1 point for 10th. These changes were also applied to Formula 1's other feeder series, the FIA Formula 2 Championship . The season began at the Bahrain International Circuit where newcomers Van Amersfoort Racing and rookie driver Franco Colapinto set the fastest time in their first FIA Formula 3 qualifying session, taking pole position for

16226-519: Was also one of the main figures involved in the implementation of the Russian doping program prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics. In 2008, seven Russian track and field athletes were suspended ahead of the Summer Olympics in Beijing for manipulating their urine samples . Multiple Russian biathletes were involved in doping offences in run-up to the 2010 Winter Olympics . The president of

16359-566: Was an open-wheel racing category that served as the third tier of formula racing in the FIA Global Pathway . The category was run in support of selected rounds of the 2022 FIA Formula One World Championship . Trident entered the championship as the reigning teams' champion, having secured their title at the last race of the 2021 season. In 2022 however, they were bested by Prema Racing , who won their third teams' championship. Victor Martins , driving for ART Grand Prix , won

16492-425: Was announced on 15 October 2021: After changing the weekend format to three races per weekend in 2021, the format was reverted back to more race weekends with two races each in 2022. As in Formula 2, the race weekends featured a sprint race and a feature race, with the latter being longer and worth more points. The race weekend format returned to a similar format to the seasons before 2021. On Saturday, only one race

16625-415: Was being deployed, and was ordered to relinquish the position. Leclerc was able to pass O'Sullivan for the lead shortly after racing resumed. Another safety car period was called later in the race after a collision at Copse corner involving Rafael Villagómez and Nazim Azman . Oliver Bearman, who had passed Caio Collet for third place on the penultimate lap, was close to claiming second place from O'Sullivan as

16758-491: Was documented in the film Icarus . In March 2016, German broadcaster ARD aired a documentary called "Russia's Red Herrings", alleging that competitors were alerted about testing plans and offered banned substances by individuals at RUSADA and ARAF. According to a May 2016 report in The New York Times , whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov said that doping experts collaborated with Russia's intelligence service on

16891-521: Was forced to miss the event due to a foot injury. Lirim Zendeli returned to the championship, having last competed in 2020 , to replace David Schumacher at Charouz Racing System for the third round at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya as Schumacher prioritised competing in the clashing DTM round at the Lausitzring . Juan Manuel Correa returned to his seat at ART Grand Prix after recovering from his injury. Jonny Edgar returned to Trident for

17024-480: Was held, with the grid still formed by reversing the top twelve drivers from qualifying, while the Sunday race was started in qualifying order. The championship scoring format was reprofiled. The points for pole position and fastest lap were each cut in half; now awarding 2 points for pole, and 1 for the fastest lap in each race. The points for the sprint race were changed significantly, with 10 points being awarded for

17157-535: Was joined by Alexander Smolyar , who switched from ART Grand Prix for his third year in the series, swapping teams with Victor Martins . Charouz Racing System lined up László Tóth , moving from Campos Racing , with whom he came 32nd in 2021. He replaced Logan Sargeant , who would compete in Formula 2 with Carlin . Tóth was partnered by Francesco Pizzi , graduating from the Formula Regional European Championship, where he came 20th in 2021, and GB3 Championship runner-up Ayrton Simmons , who already competed for

17290-429: Was ordered to relinquish the lead, which was then traded between Oliver Goethe and Collet before Maloney was able to reclaim the position. Roman Staněk made his way into second place to make a Trident one-two finish, with Maloney achieving his first victory in the series. Collet's penalty dropped him from third to sixth and promoted Oliver Bearman to the podium. Bearman's two podium finishes moved him up to second place in

17423-512: Was reached. A day later, WADA suspended the Moscow Anti-doping Center, prohibiting the laboratory "from carrying out any WADA-related anti-doping activities including all analyses of urine and blood samples". On 13 November, the IAAF council voted 22–1 in favour of prohibiting Russia from world track and field events with immediate effect. Under other penalties against the ARAF, Russia has been also prohibited from hosting

17556-492: Was suspended because of improper political conduct by the government; Russia's was not, after systematically organizing a doping program for many of its competitors." Having sent samples for forensic analysis, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) found evidence that the Disappearing Positive Methodology (DPM) was in operation at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi. On 7 August 2016,

17689-791: Was the very right time for those who considered themselves clean [to approach WADA]. They had nine months, plenty of time, and none came forward." On 17 June, the IAAF Council held an extraordinary meeting "principally to give the Russian Athletics Federation (RusAF) a further opportunity to satisfy the Reinstatement Conditions for IAAF Membership". A task force chaired by Rune Andersen recommended against reinstating Russia after reporting that criteria had not been met and that there were "detailed allegations, which are already partly substantiated, that

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