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42-591: The Authentic Revolutionary Party was founded in 1960 as a faction of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR), the ruling party under the presidency of Víctor Paz Estenssoro by Wálter Guevara Arze , formerly a major MNR ideologist and foreign minister, who unsuccessfully opposed Víctor Paz Estenssoro in the 1960 presidential election , polling 14% of the votes. The party was led by Guevara Arze, Jorge Ríos Gamarra and José Luis Jofre . The Authentic Revolutionary Party adopted

84-513: A lucid analytical and critical capacity. Hanging over the campaign were signs that certain sectors of the military were not prepared to allow a democratic transition. It was feared that, depending on who won, the military would not accept the results. Ominously, the ultra-right wing of the Bolivian military began to indicate that it would not stand for the installation of the "extremist" Siles Zuazo and Paz Zamora. On 2 June 1980, just 27 days before

126-469: A major faction in Bolivian politics. The 1980 campaign also saw the rise of Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz of the Socialist Party-1 (PS-1). Previously a minor candidate in 1978 and 1979, Quiroga gained notability as a deputy in the 1979 legislature for placing Banzer on trial for the crimes committed during Banzer's seven years of dictatorship, displaying extraordinary oratorical skills, as well as

168-698: A majority of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President on 6 August. With Hernán Siles Zuazo of the Democratic and Popular Union the favourite to win the Congressional ballot, the process was disrupted on 17 July by the military coup led by General Luis García Meza Tejada . However, Meza was pressured to resign on 4 August 1981, resulting in General Celso Torrelio becoming president. In July 1982 he

210-646: A reformist, nationalist position critical of what it saw as the excessive influence of left-wing labor unions in the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement and in Bolivian politics generally. By 1962, Guevara Arze had become convinced that the MNRA must establish its own identity separate from that of the MNR, so it was rechristened the Authentic Revolutionary Party – except for a small band of dissidents, who deserted Guevara Arze's leadership and retained

252-470: A statesman; he vigorously opposed Alberto Natusch Busch and helped rally civilian and military opposition to the colonel's ruthless rule. Alberto Natusch Busch was driven from office – but political compromises were necessary which prevented Wálter Guevara Arze from reassuming the interim presidency. That post went to Lidia Gueiler Tejada , a dissident leader of the Revolutionary Party of

294-457: Is led by Luis Eduardo Siles . 1980 Bolivian general election Lidia Gueiler Tejada (interim) PRIN Election results annulled Luis García Meza becomes de facto president Hernán Siles Zuazo After 10 October 1982 MNRI General elections were held in Bolivia on 29 June 1980, the third in three years. As no candidate in the presidential elections received

336-564: Is now a centre-right , conservative political party in Bolivia. It was the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revolution from 1952 to 1964. It influenced much of the country's history since 1941. The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement was begun in 1941 by future presidents Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo . It soon attracted some of the brightest members of the Bolivian intelligentsia. Among

378-1157: The Brazilian Labour Party , the Socialist Party of Chile , the National Liberation Party in Costa Rica , Dominican Revolutionary Party , the Guatemalan Revolutionary Action Party , the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party , the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in Peru , Democratic Action in Venezuela . The MNR first came to power in 1943, as supporters of the reformist military regime of Gualberto Villarroel . The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement led

420-514: The 1979 election, returned with his Democratic and Popular Union (UDP) coalition while the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Alliance (MNR-A) once again presented MNR leader Víctor Paz Estenssoro as their candidate with Ñuflo Chávez Ortiz , former vice president to Siles Zuazo, as Paz Estenssoro's running mate. Paz Estenssoro was faced with the repercussions of Alberto Natusch's 1 November coup. This

462-584: The Authentic Revolutionary Party served as part of the governing coalition of parties until 1969. Even after Barrientos' death, Guevara Arze continued as Bolivia 's ambassador to the United Nations under Presidents Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas and Alfredo Ovando Candía , until 1970. The Authentic Revolutionary Party was in less sympathy with the Hugo Banzer Suárez government and opposed that regime's continuance after 1974, when Guevara Arze

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504-732: The Democratic Left (OID), in forming the Democratic Revolutionary Front–New Alternative (FDR-NA). The coalition presented Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas , former president and half-brother of Hernán Siles Zuazo, as their candidate with Benjamin Miguel Harb as his running mate. Continued support for Hugo Banzer by a sizeable sector of the Bolivian population cemented him and his party, the Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN), as

546-660: The Harrington Street Massacre of 15 January 1981. The brutal excesses of the García Meza dictatorship would only last a year. Pressure by the United States coupled with internal struggles between separate military factions ultimately resulted in the army forcing García Meza to resign on 4 August 1981. He was succeeded by a military triumvirate which on 4 September appointed the left-wing General Celso Torrelio president. The Torrelio government

588-499: The MNR won the 1993 elections and Sanchez was confirmed as president by parliament. He continued the policies of the NEP. The party placed second in 1997 elections , with the presidential candidate Juan Carlos Durán (at the time, the Bolivian constitution prohibited direct re-election of a sitting president) losing to the former dictator Banzer. At the legislative elections 2002 MNR in alliance with Free Bolivia Movement , won 26.9% of

630-524: The Nationalist Left , who had also backed Víctor Paz Estenssoro in the 1979 general election . As interim President, Lidia Gueiler Tejada was entrusted with the task of conducting the nation to new general elections in 1980 . The Authentic Revolutionary Party has little popular following or basis for existence beyond Guevara Arze 's personal ambitions and prestige, and it is chiefly useful for backstage maneuvering and coalition-building. When

672-747: The PRA presenting Wálter Guevara and Flavio Machicado Saravia and AFIN-MNR presenting Roberto Jordán Pando and Edmundo Roca. The MNRU joined in alliance with another MNR splinter group, the left-wing Movement of the National Left (MIN), and presented as their candidate Guillermo Bedregal with his running mate Miguel Trigo. In Spring 1980, the PDC joined the Alliance of the National Left (ADIN), Socialist Party-Guillermo Aponte (PS-Aponte), Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist-Posadist (POR-TP), and Offensive of

714-542: The PS-1 was arrested by the military during an assault on the Bolivian Workers' Center . Santa Cruz was subsequently shot dead. The election results were annulled and major political leaders went into exile, including Siles Zuazo who crossed Lake Titicaca and fled to Peru . Those who could not escape either went into hiding or were arrested or executed such as the 8 MIR leaders who were tortured and executed during

756-646: The UDP in La Paz , and the MNR in Pando . The results foreshadowed a trend in subsequent elections in which left parties generally received a higher vote share in the western departments while more conservative parties were victorious in the eastern departments. Both the UDP and the PS-1 achieved their best performances in the west while the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) and ADN were more successful in

798-608: The UDP. However, contrary to the 0.1% difference between Siles Zuazo and Paz Estenssoro in the 1979 election, this time the former won by 18.5 points. This was likely on account of the splintering of the MNR and the sullied image of Paz Estenssoro following the Natusch coup. Despite the UDP victory on the presidential level, the new composition of the National Congress did not indicate a clear majority for any party. The only two absolute majorities in departments corresponded to

840-457: The coup d'état of Hugo Banzer Suárez . He apparently believed that Banzer would only rule for a year or two before calling elections that the MNR would almost certainly win. If so, he badly miscalculated; Banzer exiled Paz in 1975. The main body supported Paz in exile, while a faction continued to back Banzer. Paz' support of the Banzer dictatorship was a move that was to cost his party dearly at

882-619: The coup, withdrew the support of his Authentic Revolutionary Party (PRA) as did the Christian Democratic Party (PDC). Further, left-wing members of the MNR split from the party and formed the Alliance of Nationalist Left Forces of the MNR (AFIN-MNR) followed shortly thereafter by right-wing members of the MNR who formed the United Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRU). The PRA and AFIN-MNR ran their own campaigns with

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924-418: The east. The lack of a 50% majority for any candidate meant that the National Congress would convene to elect the president on 6 August 1980. However, on 17 July a coup led by General Luis García Meza overthrew the interim government of Lidia Gueiler Tejada. Lacking any form of political support, the García Meza regime quickly implemented oppressive measures. On the day of the coup, Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz of

966-517: The face of nationwide protests. Mesa soon resigned and presidential elections were scheduled for December 2005. In these elections MNR received only 6.5% of the popular vote and won 7 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 1 out of 27 seats in the Senate . Its candidate in the presidential elections was Michiaki Nagatani , whose poor performance demonstrated a steep decline in the fortunes of

1008-527: The first to leave and the popular Juan Lechín being expelled in 1964. Siles went on to form the Revolutionary Nationalist Leftwing Movement (MNRI) and Lechín the Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left (PRIN). Falling from power only deepened the intra-party squabbles. With the main body of the MNR firmly behind Paz Estenssoro, the old leader made what can be seen as a major mistake in 1971, when he supported

1050-461: The interim presidency. As such, Congress instead elected Lidia Gueiler Tejada , then leader of the Chamber of Deputies, as interim president. Gueiler called new elections to be held on 29 June 1980, the third consecutive presidential election in a row. 13 candidates presented themselves for the 1980 elections including a total of 5 former presidents. Hernán Siles Zuazo, narrow popular vote winner of

1092-496: The leftist Bolivian National Revolution of 1952 and ruled the country until 1964 when it was overthrown by the military coup of René Barrientos . During the presidencies of Paz Estenssoro (1952–56 and 1960–64) and Hernán Siles Zuazo (1956–60) were the top leaders of the Revolutionary period, establishing the universal vote, nationalizing the tin mines, and instituting an extensive agrarian reform. During this time many of

1134-441: The old elitist parties which had previously dominated Bolivian politics either disappeared or faded into irrelevance. This left the MNR in the center of the Bolivian political spectrum. Siles and Paz split in the 1960s over Paz's ambitions and personal control of the party. Filled with many strong personalities, the party had in fact begun to fragment along political and personal lines since the late 1950s, with Wálter Guevara being

1176-505: The old name. The PRA ran congressional candidates in 1962 , but abstained from the 1964 voting as a measure of its continued opposition to Víctor Paz Estenssoro . The Authentic Revolutionary Party supported the General René Barrientos Ortuño coup of 4 November 1964, overthrowing Víctor Paz Estenssoro . Wálter Guevara Arze and the PRA formally backed René Barrientos ' presidential candidacy in 1966, and

1218-526: The party as the Bolivian political scene began to be dominated by Evo Morales . For the 2009 elections, the MNR was a component of the Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence . The party's future is uncertain as it is no longer represented in the parliament and its last government has been tarnished by serious accusations of corruption, economic mismanagement and armed suppression of protesters. The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement currently

1260-442: The party ran Wálter Guevara Arze as its candidate on 29 June 1980, it garnered only a 02.78% vote. On 17 July 1980 Lidia Gueiler Tejada was overthrown in turn by General Luis García Meza Tejada . The Authentic Revolutionary Party has had no political power in decades. Revolutionary Nationalist Movement The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement ( Spanish : Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario listen , MNR)

1302-479: The party's most prominent supporters were Humberto Guzmán Fricke , Juan Lechín , Carlos Montenegro , Walter Guevara Arze , Javier del Granado , Augusto Céspedes , Lydia Gueiler , Guillermo Bedregal , and Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada , a number of whom later became presidents of Bolivia. At the time of its establishment it was a leftist/reformist party, along the lines of similar Latin American parties such as

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1344-604: The polls in subsequent years. While Paz seemed to be moving steadily to the right, Siles Zuazo broke off to found the left-leaning Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRI) in 1971. Indeed, Siles was the post-MNR politician who was best able to capitalize on the remaining legitimacy and respect that MNR had as a result of the 1952 Revolution. Paz Estenssoro led the MNR-proper in the Bolivian general elections of 1978 , 1979 , and 1980 elections, finishing third, second, and second, respectively. Led by Sánchez de Lozada,

1386-747: The popular vote and 36 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 out of 27 in the Senate. Following these elections, because no presidential candidate had received a majority, the Congress chose the President, and they again elected Sánchez de Lozada. After the 2002 elections, the party ruled in a coalition with the Revolutionary Left Movement . In 2003 Sanchez was forced to resign, and his successor, independent candidate Carlos Mesa took over in hopes of promoting national unity in

1428-618: The presidency on 10 October 1982. The 1978 elections were the first since 1966 , with several military coups taking place during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Although Juan Pereda of the Nationalist Union of the People won the presidential elections, more votes were cast than there were registered voters. After examining a number of allegations of fraud and other irregularities, the Electoral Court decided to annul

1470-522: The results on 20 July. The following day, Pereda was installed as president following a military coup. Pereda himself was overthrown by yet another military coup in November, which saw General David Padilla assume the presidency, promising to hold fresh elections in July the following year. In the subsequent elections in July 1979, no candidate for president received over 50% of the vote. When Congress

1512-525: The scheduled election date, a plane carrying six UDP politicians including Hernán Siles Zuazo's running mate, Jaime Paz Zamora , crashed over the Altiplano . Two crew men and five UDP politicians died with the only survivor being Paz Zamora who suffered permanent burn scarring on his face. The plane had belonged to a company owned by Colonel Luis Arce in what was undoubtedly an assassination attempt. The results once again favored Hernán Siles Zuazo and

1554-475: Was due to the fact that certain congressional members of the MNR, most notably Guillermo Bedregal and José Fellman, had participated in the coup that brought Alberto Natusch to power. Paz Estenssoro had also been himself accused of participating in the planning of the coup, though this could not be proven. The scandal resulted in a fracturing of the MNR-A. Wálter Guevara, whose interim presidency had been cut short by

1596-516: Was elected president of the Senate. On 8 August 1979, when Congress could not agree on a choice of president between the two major candidates, he was appointed interim President of the Republic, pending the holding of new elections in May 1980. He held this post for less than three months, being overthrown by Colonel Alberto Natusch Busch . The two weeks which followed were perhaps Guevara Arze's finest as

1638-407: Was equally oppressive but only lasted another year. On 19 July 1982, the military once again secured the resignation of the president. A new military triumvirate was formed which appointed Guido Vildoso president on 21 July. The Vildoso government accelerated the re-democratization process. Seeing the grave situation in the country, the military opted not to call new elections and instead accepted

1680-519: Was replaced by General Guido Vildoso , who was named by the high command to return the country to democratic rule. On 17 September 1982, during a general strike that brought the country close to civil war, the military decided to step down, to reconvene the National Congress elected in 1980, and to accept its choice of president. Accordingly, the National Congress revalidated the 1980 election results on 23 September and overwhelmingly elected Hernán Siles Zuazo as president on 5 October. He subsequently assumed

1722-507: Was required to elect a president, it failed to come to a majority agreement after three ballots. Instead, Senate leader Wálter Guevara was elected to serve as interim president for a year on 8 August. However, Guevara was later overthrown by another military coup led by Alberto Natusch on 31 October and 1 November. Natusch himself would only last sixteen days in office, after which he was forced to resign. To save face, Natusch extracted from Congress an agreement that Guevara would not resume

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1764-497: Was sent into exile after he criticized the Government. In the 1978 and 1979 presidential elections the Authentic Revolutionary Party supported Víctor Paz Estenssoro 's candidacy for the presidency, with Guevara Arze as his running mate in 1978. A splinter faction led by Ríos backed the Nationalist Union of the People of Juan Pereda in 1978, then Nationalist Democratic Action of Hugo Banzer in 1979. In 1979 Guevara Arze

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