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31-522: Autonomist Union ( Unione Autonomista , UA) was a regionalist Italian political party active in Aosta Valley . UA was launched in 1987 by Roberto Gremmo as the Valdostan emanation of Piedmontese Union (UP). Gremmo ran in the 1988 regional election in a list named Autonomist Union – Pensioners ( Union Autonomista – Pensionati ) without consulting his usual partners. It was perceived as

62-930: A coalition government . Notable examples include the Sinn Féin's participation in the Northern Ireland Executive since 1999, the New Flemish Alliance's participation in the Federal Government of Belgium in 2014–2019 and Lega' s frequent participation in the Italian government . Examples of regional parties that do not generally campaign for greater autonomy or federalism include most provincial parties in Canada , most regional and minority parties in Europe , notably including

93-481: A political or social system based on one or more" regions , and/or the national, normative, or economic interests of a specific region, group of regions or another subnational entity, gaining strength from or aiming to strengthen the "consciousness of and loyalty to a distinct region with a homogeneous population", similarly to nationalism . More specifically, "regionalism refers to three distinct elements: movements demanding territorial autonomy within unitary states;

124-600: A rude move toward the Valdostan Union , whose leadership of the autonomist camp in Aosta Valley was until then respected by Padanian autonomists. In the election UA won 1.6% of the vote and Gremmo was narrowly elected to the Regional Council. During the legislature, Gremmo questioned the regional government on several subjects, including that of foreign citizens accused of terrorism, transport safety in

155-545: Is a cultural or civic value rather than a value that supports ethnic understanding in Hong Kong identity politics. Jane Wills argued that an increasing numbers of populist politicians are endorsing localism as a framework for public policy. She defined populism as a form of politics that involves people speaking in a register that is authentic to the experiences and needs of those people. In other words, most likely Populist Party policies would contradict parties that support

186-836: Is a mild proponent of Venetian independence), the Martinican Progressive Party in Martinique and the Communist Party of Réunion in Réunion (both French overseas territories ) and the New Macau Association in Macau (China). In some countries, the development of regionalist politics may be a prelude to further demands for greater autonomy or even full separation, especially when ethnic, cultural and economic disparities are present. This

217-1143: Is disputed by China ). Federalist and/or autonomist regional parties include the Coalition Avenir Québec in Quebec (Canada), the New Progressive Party and the Popular Democratic Party in Puerto Rico (a commonwealth of the United States ), Femu a Corsica and the Party of the Corsican Nation in Corsica (France), Lega Nord and its sister/successor party Lega in northern Italy (the party has, at times, advocated Padania 's independence and its "national section" in Veneto , Liga Veneta ,

248-483: Is retained rather than following the usual pattern of government and political power becoming centralized over time. On a conceptual level, there are important affinities between localism and deliberative democracy . This concerns mainly the democratic goal of engaging citizens in decisions that affect them. Consequently, localism will encourage stronger democratic and political participatory forums and widening public sphere connectivity. Localists assert that throughout

279-641: Is the drain on the intellectual resources of poor countries, so called brain drain . For example, in the past decade, Bulgaria is estimated to have lost more than 50,000 qualified scientists and skilled workers through emigration every year. About a fifth of them were highly educated specialists in chemistry, biology, medicine and physics. Some localists are against political intervention and peace keeping measures. They believe that communities should find solutions to their own problems and in their own time, in whatever fashion they decide. They believe that all societies are capable of achieving long term peace once given

310-964: The Basque Nationalist Party and Euskal Herria Bildu in the Basque Country (Spain and France), Together for Catalonia and the Republican Left of Catalonia in Catalonia and the Catalan Countries (Spain and France), the Galician Nationalist Bloc in Galicia (Spain), South Tyrolean Freedom and Die Freiheitlichen in South Tyrol (Italy), factions of Lega and several minor parties in northern Italy (Italy), nominally

341-985: The Christian Social Union in Bavaria ( Germany ), most political parties in Belgium, most political parties in Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), the Istrian Democratic Assembly in Istria ( Croatia ), the Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar in Primorje-Gorski Kotar (Croatia) and most political political parties in India . Regional parties with an autonomist/federalist or separatist agendas have included

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372-519: The Greens , and more specific concerns about food, monetary policy and education. Political parties of all persuasions have also occasionally favored the devolution of power to local authorities. In this vein Alan Milburn , a Labour Party MP, has spoken of "making services more locally accountable, devolving more power to local communities and, in the process, forging a modern relationship between

403-1189: The Sardinian Action Party and several minor parties in Sardinia . In developing countries they include the Polisario Front in Western Sahara ( Morocco ), the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad in Azawad ( Mali ), the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda in the Cabinda Province ( Angola ), all national liberation movements and the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan (a country whose sovereignty

434-432: The advocates of local consumption draw on protectionist arguments, they also appealed primarily to an environmental argument: that pollution caused by transporting goods was a major externality in a global economy, and one that " localvores " could greatly diminish. Also, environmental issues can be addressed when decision-making power is held by those affected by the issues instead of power sources that do not understand

465-692: The aforementioned Bloc Québécois , Lega Nord , the Vlaams Belang , the New Flemish Alliance, the defunct Catalan European Democratic Party , the Republican Left of Catalonia, the Scottish National Party, Plaid Cymru and Sinn Féin Lists of regional and regionalist parties are available at: Localism (politics) Localism can also refer to a systematic approach to organizing a central government so that local autonomy

496-572: The biosphere or real world" Tip O'Neill , a longtime Democratic Speaker of the House in the US Congress , once famously declared that "All politics is local". He eventually wrote a book by that name: All Politics Is Local: And Other Rules of the Game . Wayne Yeung questions the assumption that localism is a sub-school of European-American populism . Yeung raised an example in which localism

527-544: The communities is defined such that their members are both familiar and dependent on each other, a size something along the lines of a small town or village. In reference to localism, Edward Goldsmith , former editor of The Ecologist magazine, claims: "The problems facing the world today can only be solved by restoring the functioning of those natural systems which once satisfied our needs, i.e. by fully exploiting those incomparable resources which are individual people, families, communities and ecosystems, which together make up

558-468: The election, Gremmo merged UP and UA into the Alpine League , which won just 0.7% in the 1993 regional election compared to the 7.6% of Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta . Regionalism (politics) Regionalism is a political ideology that seeks to increase the political power , influence and self-determination of the people of one or more subnational regions . It focuses on the "development of

589-694: The elites. She also used the term "anti-politics" to describe localist politicians because they stand against mainstream politics. She used the UK Independence Party (UKIP) as an example of a party adopting localism into their policies. Mainstream politicians from the Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat parties were threatened by the rise of UKIP. Many localists are concerned with the problems of developing countries . Many advocate that developing countries should aim to rely on their own goods and services to escape from what they see are

620-403: The governing bodies and political powers within a region, at the expense of a centralized government , will benefit local populations by improving regional or local economies, in terms of better fiscal responsibility , regional development , allocation of resources, implementation of localist policies and plans, competitiveness among regions and, ultimately, the whole country, consistent with

651-873: The needs of local communities. Localism as a philosophy is related to the principle of subsidiarity . In the early 21st century, localists have frequently found themselves aligned with critics of globalisation . Variants of localism are prevalent within the Green movement . According to an article in International Socialism , localism of this sort seeks to "answer to the problems created by globalisation" with "calls to minimise international trade and to seek to establish economies based on ‘local’ self-sufficiency only." Some localists believe that society should be organised politically along community lines, with each community being free to conduct its own business in whatever fashion its people see fit. The size of

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682-579: The opportunity to do so. Localism usually describes social measures or trends which emphasise or value local and small-scale phenomena. This is in contrast to large, all-encompassing frameworks for action or belief. Localism can therefore be contrasted with globalisation , and in some cases localist activism has parallels with opposition to corporate-led globalization. Localism can be geographical, but there are also transnational linkages. Localist movements are often organized in support of locally owned, independent businesses and nonprofit organizations. Although

713-796: The organization of the central state on a regional basis for the delivery of its policies including regional development policies; political decentralization and regional autonomy". Regions may be delineated by administrative divisions , culture , language and religion , among others. Regionalists' demands occur in "strong" forms (such as sovereigntism , separatism , sovereignty , secession and independence ), as well as more "moderate" campaigns for greater autonomy (such as states' rights , decentralization or devolution ). Strictly speaking, regionalists favour confederations over unitary nation states with strong central governments . They may, however, embrace intermediate forms of federalism . Proponents of regionalism usually claim that strengthening

744-528: The phrase "relocalization" is often used in this sense. In the 20th century, localism drew heavily on the writings of Leopold Kohr , E. F. Schumacher , Wendell Berry , and Kirkpatrick Sale , among others. More generally, localism draws on a wide range of movements and concerns and it proposes that by re-localizing democratic and economic relationships, social, economic and environmental problems will be more definable and solutions more easily created. They include anarchism , bioregionalism , environmentalism ,

775-1103: The pre-existing nation state . In developed , Western , liberal-democratic countries, secessionist parties include the Parti Québécois in Quebec ( Canada ), the Scottish National Party and the Scottish Greens in Scotland ( United Kingdom ), Plaid Cymru in Wales (United Kingdom) and, to some extent, Sinn Féin in Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), the New Flemish Alliance and Vlaams Belang in Flanders ( Belgium ), Corsica Libera in Corsica ( France ),

806-617: The principle of subsidiarity . Regionalism, autonomism , separatism and nationalism are interrelated concepts, yet they often have different and sometimes opposite meanings. For instance, in Spain "regionalism" is regarded as strongly associated with "nationalism" and, often, "separatism", whereas in Italy , it is generally seen as a synonym of " federalism " and the opposite of "nationalism". In some cases movements or parties campaigning for independence may push for federalism or autonomy within

837-483: The state, citizens and services" Beginning in the 1970s, a particularly visible strain of localism in the United States was a movement started by Alice Waters to buy locally produced products. This movement originated with organic farming and likely gained impetus because of growing dissatisfaction with organic certification and the failing economic model of industrial agriculture for small farmers. While

868-457: The town of Gignod , firearms laws and the representation of Walser minority in the regional assembly. In 1989–1991 Gremmo, who was as also leader of UP in Piedmont , refused to participate to the founding process of Lega Nord and Gremmo's political career begun its decline, while Lega Nord would become the fourth largest party in the country in the 1992 general election . In the run-up of

899-444: The unfair trade relations with the developed world . George Monbiot claims this idea does not recognise the fact that, even if developing countries often get a raw deal in trade relations, refusing to trade at all would be a significant blow, as the countries need the revenue generated by trade. Some localists are also against immigration from poor countries to rich ones. One of the problems they claim results from such immigration

930-403: The world's history, most social and economic institutions are scaled at the local level, as opposed to regional, interregional, or global (basically until the late 19th to the early 20th centuries). Through ongoing forms of colonialism , imperialism and industrialisation local scales become less central. Most proponents of localism position themselves as defending aspects of this way of life;

961-751: Was demonstrated, among other examples, in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. Political parties that are regional are not necessarily regionalist parties. A "regional party" is any political party with its political base in a single region, whatever its objectives and platform may be, whereas "regionalist" parties are a subset of regional parties that specifically campaign for greater autonomy or independence in their region. Because regional parties – including regionalist parties – often cannot receive enough votes or legislative seats to be politically powerful, they may join political alliances or seek to be part of

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