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78-463: The Audi allroad quattro began in 1999 as a semi-offroad version of the Audi A6 Avant ( station wagon ). Since 2009, Audi has also offered the "Audi A4 allroad quattro", based on the mainstream Audi A4 Avant (wagon). Audi accordingly retitled subsequent generations of the larger allroad, as released in 2006 and 2012, as "Audi A6 allroad quattro". The main differences between the allroad and

156-559: A Bosch Motronic electronic engine control unit (ECU), producing a motive power output of 169 kW (230 PS; 227 bhp) at 5,900 rpm and 326 N⋅m (240 lbf⋅ft) at around 1,950 rpm, on high octane "Super Plus" 98RON unleaded petrol. This engine gave the S6 a top speed of 235 km/h (146.0 mph), and allowed it to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 6.7 seconds; with 160 km/h (99.4 mph) being reached in 17.5 seconds. The vehicle

234-452: A supercharger is mechanically powered (usually by a belt from the engine's crankshaft). However, up until the mid-20th century, a turbocharger was called a "turbosupercharger" and was considered a type of supercharger. Prior to the invention of the turbocharger, forced induction was only possible using mechanically-powered superchargers . Use of superchargers began in 1878, when several supercharged two-stroke gas engines were built using

312-401: A turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger ) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement . The current categorisation is that a turbocharger is powered by the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases, whereas

390-723: A 2.7-litre V6 or 3.0-litre V6 Turbocharged Direct Injection diesel engines , or a 3.2-litre V6 or 4.2-litre V8 petrol engine . This is a long wheelbase version of the A6 sedan for the Chinese market. The vehicle was unveiled in 2005 at the Shanghai Motor Show . The vehicles went on sale in the middle of 2005. Early models include A6L 2.4, with A6L 2.0 TFSI (170 PS) followed shortly after. A6L 3.0 Quattro (218 PS) and A6L 4.2 Quattro (335 PS) were introduced in 2005. Other models include A6 3.0. The Audi S6 performance variant

468-472: A 3.2-litre V6 and a 4.2-litre V8, and two TDI diesel engines , a 180 PS (132 kW) 2.7 L and a 225 PS (165 kW) (233 only in the US) 3.0 L. The tiptronic gearbox is standard on the 4.2 V8 and the 2.7 TDI, but optional on the 3.2 FSI and 3.0 TDI. The five-mode air suspension can be raised by up to 60 mm (2.36 in) to provide ground clearance of 185 mm (7.28 in) which

546-567: A V6 configuration with a mechanical compressor. Audi 's executive car was previously named the Audi 100 (or Audi 5000 in the United States), and was released in three successive generations ( Audi C1 , Audi C2 and Audi C3 ). In 1994, the latest generation (C4) of the Audi 100 received a facelift and was renamed as the Audi A6 , to fit in with Audi's new alphanumeric nomenclature (as

624-400: A common shaft. The first prototype was finished in 1915 with the aim of overcoming the power loss experienced by aircraft engines due to the decreased density of air at high altitudes. However, the prototype was not reliable and did not reach production. Another early patent for turbochargers was applied for in 1916 by French steam turbine inventor Auguste Rateau , for their intended use on

702-425: A design by Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk . Then in 1885, Gottlieb Daimler patented the technique of using a gear-driven pump to force air into an internal combustion engine. The 1905 patent by Alfred Büchi , a Swiss engineer working at Sulzer is often considered the birth of the turbocharger. This patent was for a compound radial engine with an exhaust-driven axial flow turbine and compressor mounted on

780-426: A final drive ratio of 4.111. Further revisions were made to the suspension, brakes, and wheels. The front brake discs were enlarged to 323 mm (12.7 in) in diameter by 30 mm (1.18 in) thick. Standard wheels were 8Jx17 "Avus" cast aluminium alloy wheels, with an optional 7Jx16 alloy wheel for use with winter tyres was also available. The S6 Plus saloon could reach 100 km/h (62.1 mph) from

858-405: A limiting factor in the peak power produced by the engine. Various technologies, as described in the following sections, are often aimed at combining the benefits of both small turbines and large turbines. Large diesel engines often use a single-stage axial inflow turbine instead of a radial turbine. A twin-scroll turbocharger uses two separate exhaust gas inlets, to make use of the pulses in

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936-530: A new six-speed tiptronic automatic transmission model 0AW available in the four-wheel-drive models. Audi's "trademark" Torsen -based Quattro permanent four-wheel-drive is available in most of the lineup, and standard in the most powerful models. Quattro is not available on the Multitronic variants of the A6, but is available on the manual and Tiptronic gear systems. Conversely, the Tiptronic system

1014-574: A pioneering role with turbocharging engines as witnessed by Sulzer, Saurer and Brown, Boveri & Cie . Automobile manufacturers began research into turbocharged engines during the 1950s, however the problems of "turbo lag" and the bulky size of the turbocharger were not able to be solved at the time. The first turbocharged cars were the short-lived Chevrolet Corvair Monza and the Oldsmobile Jetfire , both introduced in 1962. Greater adoption of turbocharging in passenger cars began in

1092-515: A saloon variant was later added; the saloon version being the only version available to the North American market. The RS 6 saloon finished first in a May 2003 Car and Driver comparison test against the BMW M5 (E39) , Mercedes-Benz E 55 AMG (W210), and Jaguar S-Type R. Audi's C5 series A6 Avant formed the basis for a semi-offroad model in 1999, labeled "Audi allroad quattro". Compared to

1170-434: A sporty driving experience, much like that of the conventional A6 with the sports suspension. Audi's 2.7-litre, biturbo V6 petrol engine with 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) and 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) of peak torque was available initially, alongside the 2.5-litre TDI diesel unit with 132 kW (177 hp) and 370 N⋅m (273 lb⋅ft) of torque. A variant of the corporate 4.2-litre V8 petrol engine,

1248-633: A standstill in 5.6 seconds, with the Avant a tenth of a second slower at 5.7 seconds. In February 1997, the introduction of a new A6 ( Typ 4B ), based on a new design automobile platform – the Volkswagen Group C5 platform , with a new range of engines was announced and appeared in March at the 1997 Geneva Motor Show . This A6 was marketed in the same categories as the BMW 5 Series and

1326-586: Is better than the older four-mode. The car featured a number of off-road styling cues including larger bumpers and sills. In some European markets, this A6 allroad quattro was more expensive than the larger Audi Q7 , but an air suspension is an expensive option in the Q7. In its native country, Germany, it cost a few hundred Euros less than the Q7. In 2005, the A6 won the World Car of the Year award, and has also won

1404-738: Is commonly referred to as the Ur-S6 , derived from the German augmentative, " Ur sprünglich" (meaning: original). It was available as both a saloon/sedan ( type 4A5), and an "Avant" ( type 4A9) ( estate/wagon ) to European and United States customers, but only as a saloon in Canada, Asia and Australia. From its launch in late 1994, the Audi S6 was powered by a 2,226 cubic centimetres (135.8 cu in) turbocharged inline five-cylinder petrol engine (parts code prefix: 034, identification code: AAN) with

1482-412: Is done with the use of adjustable vanes located inside the turbine housing between the inlet and turbine, which affect flow of gases towards the turbine. Some variable-geometry turbochargers use a rotary electric actuator to open and close the vanes, while others use a pneumatic actuator . If the turbine's aspect ratio is too large, the turbo will fail to create boost at low speeds; if the aspect ratio

1560-474: Is increasing. The companies which manufacture the most turbochargers in Europe and the U.S. are Garrett Motion (formerly Honeywell), BorgWarner and Mitsubishi Turbocharger . Turbocharger failures and resultant high exhaust temperatures are among the causes of car fires. Failure of the seals will cause oil to leak into the cylinders causing blue-gray smoke. In diesel engines, this can cause an overspeed,

1638-476: Is not available on the front-wheel-drive variants of the car. The six-speed manual gearbox is available with the 3.2-litre V6 engine , but not for the North American market. The Avant was previewed by the Audi Avantissimo concept in 2001 and arrived during the course of 2005. The A6 All-road Quattro made its debut in 2006, and as before, is an off-road-ready version of the Avant, available with either

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1716-402: Is that the optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds. An electrically-assisted turbocharger combines a traditional exhaust-powered turbine with an electric motor, in order to reduce turbo lag. This differs from an electric supercharger , which solely uses an electric motor to power the compressor. The compressor draws in outside air through

1794-411: Is that the two nozzles are different sizes: the smaller nozzle is installed at a steeper angle and is used for low-rpm response, while the larger nozzle is less angled and optimised for times when high outputs are required. Variable-geometry turbochargers (also known as variable-nozzle turbochargers ) are used to alter the effective aspect ratio of the turbocharger as operating conditions change. This

1872-490: Is too small, the turbo will choke the engine at high speeds, leading to high exhaust manifold pressures, high pumping losses, and ultimately lower power output. By altering the geometry of the turbine housing as the engine accelerates, the turbo's aspect ratio can be maintained at its optimum. Because of this, variable-geometry turbochargers often have reduced lag, a lower boost threshold, and greater efficiency at higher engine speeds. The benefit of variable-geometry turbochargers

1950-441: Is unable to produce significant boost. At low rpm, the exhaust gas flow rate is unable to spin the turbine sufficiently. The boost threshold causes delays in the power delivery at low rpm (since the unboosted engine must accelerate the vehicle to increase the rpm above the boost threshold), while turbo lag causes delay in the power delivery at higher rpm. Some engines use multiple turbochargers, usually to reduce turbo lag, increase

2028-739: The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in 1938, which used turbochargers produced by General Electric. Other early turbocharged airplanes included the Consolidated B-24 Liberator , Lockheed P-38 Lightning , Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and experimental variants of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 . The first practical application for trucks was realized by Swiss truck manufacturing company Saurer in the 1930s. BXD and BZD engines were manufactured with optional turbocharging from 1931 onwards. The Swiss industry played

2106-472: The Mercedes-Benz E-Class . The redesigned body had a coefficient of drag of 0.28. In 2000 and 2001, the "C5" A6 was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list. This A6 was available with 30-valve 2.4- and 2.8-litre V6 engines , with numerous other engine configurations available globally. As an alternative to the manual transmission , a five-speed tiptronic automatic transmission

2184-653: The Practical Caravan "Towcar of the Year" awards, due to its array of towing features such as adjustable suspension height and damping, and the presence of a 123 Trailer Stability Programme . Audi unveiled a facelifted "C6" Audi A6 on 12 August 2008, at the Moscow International Motor Show . The refresh incorporates some modern Audi design cues to keep the A6 current with the rest of the Audi lineup. There are minor cosmetic changes to

2262-413: The crankshaft ) whereas a turbocharger is powered by the kinetic energy of the engine's exhaust gas . A turbocharger does not place a direct mechanical load on the engine, although turbochargers place exhaust back pressure on engines, increasing pumping losses. Supercharged engines are common in applications where throttle response is a key concern, and supercharged engines are less likely to heat soak

2340-414: The 1980s, as a way to increase the performance of smaller displacement engines. Like other forced induction devices, a compressor in the turbocharger pressurises the intake air before it enters the inlet manifold . In the case of a turbocharger, the compressor is powered by the kinetic energy of the engine's exhaust gases, which is extracted by the turbocharger's turbine . The main components of

2418-433: The 2.3-litre inline five engine being dropped on most markets. For the diesel engines , an inline four 1.9 Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI), and the inline five (R5) 2.5 TDI (103 kW (140 PS; 138 bhp)) were available. Until 1997, the A6 came with several different engines, two of them turbodiesel , and most of them available with Audi's Torsen -based quattro permanent four-wheel-drive system. The A6

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2496-670: The 2.7-litre "Biturbo" V6 (also found in the B5 platform S4 , 250 PS (180 kW; 250 hp)), and the 4.2-litre 40-valve V8 petrol engine (300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp)); the two higher-spec. engines were only offered with quattro permanent four-wheel drive . The V8 models arrived with significantly altered exterior body panels, with slightly more flared wheel arches (fenders), revised headlamps and grille design (before being introduced in 2002 to all other A6 models), larger wheels (8Jx17-inch), larger brakes and Torsen -based Quattro permanent four-wheel-drive as standard. In 2002,

2574-559: The 32-valve (four valves per cylinder) 4.2-litre V8 engine (parts code prefix: 077, identification code: AHK, later to be seen in the Audi S8 as AKH). Audi's performance division reworked key parts of the engine, increasing the maximum power to 240 kW (326 PS; 322 bhp). It was only available with a revised six-speed manual transmission (parts code prefix: 01E, identification code: DGU) ( gear ratios – 1st: 3.500, 2nd: 1.889, 3rd: 1.320, 4th: 1.034, 5th: 0.857, 6th: 0.730), with

2652-473: The A6 have offered either front-wheel-drive or Torsen -based four-wheel-drive , marketed by Audi as their quattro system. The A6 has also been used as the basis for the company's Allroad models since 1999. Both petrol and diesel versions of the A6 are offered. The wide range of engines available have power outputs ranging from 150 to 333 PS (110 to 245 kW). These are inline four-cylinder turbocharged engines and more powerful 3-litre units in

2730-417: The A6 received a facelift, with revised headlight and grille design, exposed exhaust tips, and slight changes to accessory body moldings, and tail light colour from red to amber in North American models. A new host of engines were also introduced. The 1.8-litre engine was deleted and replaced by a 2.0-litre powerplant with 96 kW (131 PS; 129 bhp). The 1.9-litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI)

2808-580: The Audi RS5. The A6's six (per side) front light-emitting diode (LED) daytime running lights (DRLs) are located within the main headlamp housing, similar to RS6's placement of the LEDs (ten per side), whereas on the S6 these front LEDs (five per side) are found adjacent to the fog lamps in the lower front bumper. The new front and rear fascias from RS6 would be used on the facelifted A6 and S6 lineup. There are now six petrol and four diesel engines available for

2886-471: The C4 platform, an even more powerful, and very limited-production Audi S6 Plus was briefly available to European customers. The S6 Plus, developed by Audi's wholly owned high-performance subsidiary, quattro GmbH , was available for sale during the 1997 model year only (production from June 1996 to October 1997). A total of 952 cars were produced; 855 Avants and 97 saloons. It was powered by another version of

2964-484: The C6 series allroad in 2005 and released it the following year. This model was called the Audi A6 allroad quattro (unlike the previous version, the Audi allroad quattro , with no reference to the A6 nomenclature). The Audi A6 allroad quattro again featured adaptive air suspension and quattro permanent four-wheel drive system. The A6 allroad was powered by a choice of two Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) petrol engines ,

3042-428: The North American models were equipped with front and rear bumpers that protruded several inches further than their European counterparts, with modified brackets and bumper suspension assemblies as result, and child-seat tethers for occupant safety. In compliance with Canadian law, Canadian models received daytime running lights as standard equipment. North American C5 A6 models received the 2.8-litre, 30-valve V6 engine,

3120-543: The Renault engines used by French fighter planes. Separately, testing in 1917 by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and Sanford Alexander Moss showed that a turbocharger could enable an engine to avoid any power loss (compared with the power produced at sea level) at an altitude of up to 4,250 m (13,944 ft) above sea level. The testing was conducted at Pikes Peak in

3198-607: The S-cars, and makes the A6 3.0T only 0.1s slower 0-60 mph (97 km/h) than the more powerful but heavier 4.2L V8 variant and 5.2L V10-bearing S6 . Also updated for 2009 is the Quattro all-wheel-drive setup, which is already found on the 2008 Audi A5 and 2008 Audi A4. This new system features a 40/60 front-to-rear torque split and offers a more balanced feel, reducing the understeer that comes from 50/50 AWD platforms. Turbocharger In an internal combustion engine ,

Audi allroad quattro - Misplaced Pages Continue

3276-470: The S6, making a 213 kW (290 PS; 286 bhp) version of the 4.2 available as an optional upgrade over the 2.2-litre inline five-cylinder turbo. Unlike the five-cylinder turbocharged version, the V8-powered S6 was supplied with a four-speed automatic transmission as standard but kept the Quattro four-wheel-drive. A six-speed manual gearbox was also available as an option. As a swan song to

3354-771: The United States using the Liberty L-12 aircraft engine. The first commercial application of a turbocharger was in June 1924 when the first heavy duty turbocharger, model VT402, was delivered from the Baden works of Brown, Boveri & Cie , under the supervision of Alfred Büchi, to SLM, Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works in Winterthur. This was followed very closely in 1925, when Alfred Büchi successfully installed turbochargers on ten-cylinder diesel engines, increasing

3432-504: The advantage of minimising the wealth of buttons normally found on a dashboard by replacing them with controls that operate multiple devices using the integrated display. On the engines, the new Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) direct injection technology was introduced. Although the line of engines represents the same progression as the former model, all engines were new. The multitronic continuously variable transmission continues as an alternative for front-wheel-drive models, alongside

3510-587: The base model are a wider track (accommodated by plastic wheel arch extensions), higher ground clearance, and adjustable air suspension . Although the owners manual in the US states the vehicle may take a class I or class II trailer hitch, Audi no longer sells these in North America and aftermarket versions lower the ground clearance by two inches and involves cutting into the bumper, which the Audi hitch sold in Europe does not. Audi A6 All generations of

3588-449: The compressor blades. Ported shroud designs can have greater resistance to compressor surge and can improve the efficiency of the compressor wheel. The center hub rotating assembly (CHRA) houses the shaft that connects the turbine to the compressor. A lighter shaft can help reduce turbo lag. The CHRA also contains a bearing to allow this shaft to rotate at high speeds with minimal friction. Some CHRAs are water-cooled and have pipes for

3666-403: The engine rpm is within the turbocharger's operating range – that occurs between pressing the throttle and the turbocharger spooling up to provide boost pressure. This delay is due to the increasing exhaust gas flow (after the throttle is suddenly opened) taking time to spin up the turbine to speeds where boost is produced. The effect of turbo lag is reduced throttle response , in

3744-559: The engine's coolant to flow through. One reason for water cooling is to protect the turbocharger's lubricating oil from overheating. The simplest type of turbocharger is the free floating turbocharger. This system would be able to achieve maximum boost at maximum engine revs and full throttle, however additional components are needed to produce an engine that is driveable in a range of load and rpm conditions. Additional components that are commonly used in conjunction with turbochargers are: Turbo lag refers to delay – when

3822-418: The engine's intake system, pressurises it, then feeds it into the combustion chambers (via the inlet manifold ). The compressor section of the turbocharger consists of an impeller, a diffuser, and a volute housing. The operating characteristics of a compressor are described by the compressor map . Some turbochargers use a "ported shroud", whereby a ring of holes or circular grooves allows air to bleed around

3900-413: The first time, making this model the first stretched German sedan developed especially for that country. The Audi S6 was a high-powered variant of the A6, featuring a modified version of the 4.2-litre V8 engine producing 250 kW (340 PS; 335 bhp) and 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft). It was available as a saloon and Avant although the Avant version was the only one sold in North America. In

3978-410: The flow of exhaust gases to mechanical energy of a rotating shaft (which is used to power the compressor section). The turbine housings direct the gas flow through the turbine section, and the turbine itself can spin at speeds of up to 250,000 rpm. Some turbocharger designs are available with multiple turbine housing options, allowing a housing to be selected to best suit the engine's characteristics and

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4056-400: The flow of the exhaust gasses from each cylinder. In a standard (single-scroll) turbocharger, the exhaust gas from all cylinders is combined and enters the turbocharger via a single intake, which causes the gas pulses from each cylinder to interfere with each other. For a twin-scroll turbocharger, the cylinders are split into two groups in order to maximize the pulses. The exhaust manifold keeps

4134-404: The form of a delay in the power delivery. Superchargers do not suffer from turbo lag because the compressor mechanism is driven directly by the engine. Methods to reduce turbo lag include: A similar phenomenon that is often mistaken for turbo lag is the boost threshold . This is where the engine speed (rpm) is currently below the operating range of the turbocharger system, therefore the engine

4212-404: The front and rear lights which now have daytime running LEDs , the taillights extend towards the center of the trunk lid and pinch off at the license plate mount, however, their shape remains rectangular compared to the more sculpted light clusters found in the 2008 Audi A5, 2008 Audi A4, and 2009 Audi Q5 (the latter three being all-new generations). The intakes below the headlamps are inspired by

4290-479: The front lights to the rear lights just below the body shoulders. The C6 iteration of the A6 features more sophisticated technology. Most notable is the Multi Media Interface (MMI), which is a system controlling in-car entertainment, satellite navigation, climate control, car settings such as suspension configuration and optional electronic accessories through a central screen interface. This has

4368-543: The full-size A8 had just been introduced). The exterior was changed only slightly from the "C4" Audi 100 – new front and rear lights, new radiator grille, similarly with chassis and engine and transmission choices. The United Kingdom was the first market to receive the A6, as stock of RHD Audi 100s had run out before expected, and before the rest of mainland Europe. The new engines for the A6 were 1.8-litre 20v inline four-cylinder , 2.0-litre 8v inline four-cylinder , 2.6-litre 12V V6 and 2.8-litre 30v V6 petrol engines, with

4446-410: The gases from these two groups of cylinders separated, then they travel through two separate spiral chambers ("scrolls") before entering the turbine housing via two separate nozzles. The scavenging effect of these gas pulses recovers more energy from the exhaust gases, minimizes parasitic back losses and improves responsiveness at low engine speeds. Another common feature of twin-scroll turbochargers

4524-454: The intake air. A combination of an exhaust-driven turbocharger and an engine-driven supercharger can mitigate the weaknesses of both. This technique is called twincharging . Turbochargers have been used in the following applications: In 2017, 27% of vehicles sold in the US were turbocharged. In Europe 67% of all vehicles were turbocharged in 2014. Historically, more than 90% of turbochargers were diesel, however, adoption in petrol engines

4602-530: The late years of the A6 C5 design, an ultra-high-performance limited-run Audi RS 6 model was presented. Weighing in excess of 1,840 kg (4,057 lb) and producing 331 kW (450 PS; 444 bhp) and 560 N⋅m (413 lbf⋅ft), the RS 6 was capable of 0-100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 4.5 seconds, and on to 200 km/h (124.3 mph) in under 17 seconds. Initially available as only an Avant,

4680-429: The name "Ur-allroad." The ' Ur- ' is used in the German language, as a prefix to signify 'ancient' or 'early ancestor' (e.g., great-grandmother is Urgroßmutter), and is used informally by car enthusiasts worldwide to refer to the original Audi Quattro that was produced from 1980 to 1991 (the "Ur-Quattro"). The use of the term was then extended to the original S4 and S6 models to differentiate them from later models with

4758-407: The performance requirements. A turbocharger's performance is closely tied to its size, and the relative sizes of the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel. Large turbines typically require higher exhaust gas flow rates, therefore increasing turbo lag and increasing the boost threshold. Small turbines can produce boost quickly and at lower flow rates, since it has lower rotational inertia, but can be

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4836-560: The power output from 1,300 to 1,860 kilowatts (1,750 to 2,500 hp). This engine was used by the German Ministry of Transport for two large passenger ships called the Preussen and Hansestadt Danzig . The design was licensed to several manufacturers and turbochargers began to be used in marine, railcar and large stationary applications. Turbochargers were used on several aircraft engines during World War II, beginning with

4914-399: The range of rpm where boost is produced, or simplify the layout of the intake/exhaust system. The most common arrangement is twin turbochargers, however triple-turbo or quad-turbo arrangements have been occasionally used in production cars. The key difference between a turbocharger and a supercharger is that a supercharger is mechanically driven by the engine (often through a belt connected to

4992-425: The regular A6, the allroad featured an advanced air suspension system, allowing for increased ground clearance; larger diameter all-terrain tyres, and flared fenders and bumpers with matte finish, giving it a distinct appearance and more overall flexibility over varying terrain. The allroad's ride height was also increased with 25 mm subframe spacers; and overall frame stiffness increased with reinforced welds on

5070-476: The same name, and more recently to the C5 allroad models ("Ur-allroad"). The C5 design was available with the following engines: The Typ 4F A6 was released in 2004. Designed by Satoshi Wada in 2001, this model is visually an evolution of the C5, but was lengthened to 4,927 mm (194.0 in), and has the new Audi "single-frame grille". Like other contemporary Audis, the A6 has a "tornado line" that runs from

5148-500: The subframe mounts and A, B, and C pillars, the floor pan being produced with 20% thicker steel. As the name "allroad Quattro" suggests, Audi's Torsen -based quattro permanent four-wheel-drive system was standard equipment for all versions. The standard adjustable air suspension system can lift the car high enough to provide 208 mm (8 in) of ground clearance; a low-range mode (an option with manual transmission), absent from other Quattro-equipped vehicles, can be selected with

5226-407: The touch of a button. When used together, the two systems made it possible for the allroad to complete an official Land Rover test-course, thus far it is the only car-based SUV that has been proven capable of doing so in testing. Conversely, the air suspension can lower the vehicle down to only 142 mm (6 in) above road level, and simultaneously stiffen the spring and damper rates to provide

5304-407: The turbocharger are: The turbine section (also called the "hot side" or "exhaust side" of the turbo) is where the rotational force is produced, in order to power the compressor (via a rotating shaft through the center of a turbo). After the exhaust has spun the turbine it continues into the exhaust piping and out of the vehicle. The turbine uses a series of blades to convert kinetic energy from

5382-513: The upgraded A6. All petrol engines now feature cylinder-direct Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) technology, and all diesel engines now feature common rail (CR) and Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) technologies. There is a new petrol engine, a 300 PS (221 kW; 296 bhp) 3.0L supercharged V6, badged as 3.0 TFSI or 3.0T. This new engine is shared with the B8-generation Audi S4 and S5 , although slightly detuned vs.

5460-534: Was also available. The C5 saloon variant arrived in mid-1997 in Europe, late 1997 in North America and Australia, and the Avant in 1998. In Canada, there was no Avant (Audi's name for an estate/wagon ) available at all in 1998 – Audi dropped the C4 Avant at the end of the 1997 model year , and jumped straight to the C5 Avant in 1998 in conjunction with its release in the US. As a result of complying with FMVSS ,

5538-474: Was available with a standard six-speed manual transmission (five-speed only in North America), and Audi's dynamic Torsen T-1 Quattro permanent four-wheel-drive system. Audi made a high-performance, 4.2-litre V8 engine (parts code prefix: 077, identification code: AEC) with a Bosch KE-Motronic ECU available as an option in the original European S4s, and made the decision to continue to do so with

5616-587: Was available with saloon and Avant bodies. The C4 design was available with the following engines: Upon introducing the C4 series A6, Audi made small revisions to what was previously known as the Audi S4 , renaming it the Audi S6 ; the S4 name would eventually be re-used for a completely different model derived from Audi's smaller Volkswagen Group B platform -based Audi A4 . As this was the first S6 model from Audi, it

5694-471: Was introduced in the Frankfurt Motor Show , and produced from early 2006 until 2011. It is powered by a 5.2-litre Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) V10 engine producing 320 kW (435 PS; 429 bhp) and 540 N⋅m (398 lbf⋅ft) of torque. The S6 reaches 100 km/h (62.1 mph) from a standstill in 5.2 seconds and a quarter mile in 13.5 seconds. Audi announced

5772-536: Was made available in 2003, and a less powerful TDI (163 bhp) followed in 2004. Audi stopped production of the allroad in July 2005. Although the model continued to be available for sale throughout 2006 in Europe, there was no 2006 model year for North America. With the return of the "allroad" nameplate to North America, in the form of the 2013 A4 allroad Quattro, the C5-Platform allroad Quattro has begun to take

5850-507: Was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 2000 and 2001. The updated 2005 A6 won the World Car of the Year award for 2005. In addition, the facelifted third-generation A6 3.0T won two Car and Driver "comparos" that pitted it against other sedans like the BMW 5 Series, Mercedes-Benz E-Class, Jaguar XF, and Infiniti M. A long wheelbase version of the A6 C5 was available in China for

5928-510: Was revised, resulting in 184 kW (250 PS; 247 bhp) and 330 N⋅m (243 lbf⋅ft), controlled by standard quattro system. The V6 diesel was also slightly modified resulting in 120 kW (163 PS; 161 bhp) (after the second modification) and 350 N⋅m (258 lbf⋅ft). A new more powerful V6 diesel was also introduced with 132 kW (179 PS; 177 bhp) and 370 N⋅m (273 lbf⋅ft). The 4.2-litre V8 engine which arrived in 2001 remained unchanged. Also new

6006-432: Was the multitronic continuously variable transmission , available in most front-wheel drive models. All models, except the 2.0-litre petrol and 1.9-litre TDI, were available with Audi's trademark four-wheel-drive system, Quattro. A four-wheel-drive version of the Avant, with raised ground clearance and slightly altered styling, was sold as the Audi allroad quattro , Audi's first crossover SUV . The second-generation A6

6084-464: Was tweaked to produce a maximum power output of 96 kW (131 PS; 129 bhp), and 310 N⋅m (229 lbf⋅ft) of torque, and was mated to a six-speed manual gearbox . The 2.4-litre V6 was named the BDV 30 valves and gained an extra 5 hp and better balancing, and the 2.8-litre V6 engine was replaced by a 3.0-litre engine with 162 kW (220 PS; 217 bhp). The turbocharged 2.7-litre

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