90-641: Auestadion is a multi-use stadium in Kassel , Germany , close to the Karlsaue park . It is used mainly for football matches and athletic events and is the home stadium of KSV Hessen Kassel . The stadium is able to hold 18,737 people with 8,700 seats and standing terraces. It was opened on 23 August 1953, and renovated between 1983–1993 and between 2003 and 2010. It is the largest stadium in Northern Hesse . The City of Kassel first started considering
180-461: A FIFA World Cup qualifier in front of 7,720 fans. Germany defeated England 3−1 with two goals to striker Sandra Smisek , one goal to Martina Müller and a consolation goal for England scored by Rachel Yankey . The German women's U20 national team under the guidance of Maren Meinert played a friendly at the stadium in October 2015 against Sweden . Both sides used the match as preparation for
270-539: A tensegrity structure . But, in the context of sports stadiums, the term "dome" has become standard for all covered stadiums, particularly because the first such enclosed stadium, the Houston Astrodome , was built with an actual dome-shaped roof. Some stadiums have partial roofs, and a few have even been designed to have moveable fields as part of the infrastructure. The Caesars Superdome in New Orleans
360-578: A 2−2 stalemate with Siegfried Bronnert and Jochem Ziegert scoring for KSV and Rudolf Sturz and Dieter Nüssing scoring for the Bavarians . Over the years German national football teams have come to play matches at the Auestadion. In August 2019, the German national women's team faced Montenegro at the stadium in a European Championship 2021 qualifier . The German team, who were world champions at
450-568: A Roman track of such length. Most dictionaries provide for both stadiums and stadia as valid English plurals. The oldest known stadium is the Stadium at Olympia in Greece, where the ancient Olympic Games were held from 776 BC. Initially the Games consisted of a single event, a sprint along the length of the stadium. Greek and Roman stadiums have been found in numerous ancient cities, perhaps
540-480: A cost of £150 and 12 turnstiles were installed at a cost of £7 each. The stadium was officially opened on 24 August 1892 by Lord Kinnaird and Frederick Wall of the Football Association. No football was played; instead the 12,000 crowd watched a short track and field event followed by music and a fireworks display. Upon its completion the stadium was the first joint purpose-built football stadium in
630-405: A few municipally owned stadiums, which are often known by a name that is significant to their area (for example, Boston 's Fenway Park ). In recent years, some government-owned stadiums have also been subject to naming-rights agreements, with some or all of the revenue often going to the team(s) that play there. One consequence of corporate naming has been an increase in stadium name changes, when
720-472: A few years, and none survive today. Goodison Park was the first purpose-built association football stadium in the world. Walton -based building firm Kelly brothers were instructed to erect two uncovered stands that could each accommodate 4,000 spectators. A third covered stand accommodating 3,000 spectators was also requested. Everton officials were impressed with the builder's workmanship and agreed two further contracts: exterior hoardings were constructed at
810-403: A football pitch with a running track , although certain compromises must be made. The major drawback is that the stands are necessarily set back a good distance from the pitch, especially at the ends of the pitch. In the case of some smaller stadiums, there are not stands at the ends. When there are stands all the way around, the stadium takes on an oval shape. When one end is open, the stadium has
900-461: A given historical context it may actually signify a length up to 15% larger or smaller. The equivalent Roman measure, the stadium , had a similar length – about 185 m (607 ft) – but instead of being defined in feet was defined using the Roman standard passus to be a distance of 125 passūs (double-paces). The English use of stadium comes from the tiered infrastructure surrounding
990-487: A high scoring match, Essen defeated Neunkirchen 5−2 to claim their maiden Pokal title. The Auestadion was one of two host venues for the inaugural 1965 Athletics European Cup . The European Cup idea had been born by Bruno Zauli , who at the time was president of the International Association of Athletics Federation , to bring together East and West Europe into one athletics event. The men's event
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#17327661340341080-471: A horseshoe shape. All three configurations (open, oval and horseshoe) are common, especially in the case of American college football stadiums. Rectangular stadiums are more common in Europe, especially for football where many stadiums have four often distinct and very different stands on the four sides of the stadium. These are often all of different sizes and designs and have been erected at different periods in
1170-593: A large stadium in the lower leagues. KSV instead played in a neighbouring field, the G-Platz, with a spectator capacity of 2,000. Kassel fans dubbed this small ground the "lion cage". Once KSV had got themselves promoted to division five (Landesliga) in 2001, they returned to playing home matches at the Auestadion. For four years between 1976 and 1979, KSV Baunatal played home matches at the Auestadion. Baunatal were crowned champions of Oberliga Hessen in 1975/76 and were promoted to 2.Bundesliga . Their normal home ground,
1260-464: A new floodlight system was installed. The planned renovations to the main grandstand however was scrapped at the beginning of 2009 when it was discovered the concrete used in the 50 year old grandstand was dilapidated. Instead the City of Kassel put out to tender to demolish the current stand and build a new one. 2009 to 2011 The discovery of the poor quality concrete in the main grandstand kick-started
1350-472: A new project to demolish and rebuild a new grandstand at the stadium. The City of Kassel created a tender process to select the company to complete this project. The project had a budget of €9.4 million and would consist of demolition of the old grandstand, building a new grandstand with a capacity of 2,644 seats and various function rooms, renovation of the stadium forecourt and upgrade to the Kassel tram stop for
1440-410: A new stadium being built on the eventual Auestadion site in 1948. The site had previously been used as a parade ground. Construction started on a new stadium in 1950. The foundations for the new stadium grandstand was built from 100,000 m3 of World War II debris from the city centre of Kassel. The grandstand was built to hold 2,200 fans. It had a cantilevered steel roof, enabling uninterrupted views of
1530-557: A product produced by major sponsor B. Braun . The event was supported by the European Athletics Association (EAA), German Athletics Association (DLV), Hessen Athletics Association (HLV) and the City of Kassel . The Askina Sports Festival attracted top level athletes from Germany, Europe and the rest of the world. It was used both as a warm-up and qualifying meeting for major international tournaments. The event
1620-522: A single sport while others can accommodate different events, particularly ones with retractable seating . Stadiums built specifically for association football are common in Europe; Gaelic games stadiums, such as Croke Park , are common in Ireland, while stadiums built specifically for baseball or American football are common in the United States. The most common multiple use design combines
1710-687: A venue for Everton F.C. ). In the U.S., many professional baseball teams built large stadiums mainly out of wood , with the first such venue being the South End Grounds in Boston , opened in 1871 for the team then known as the Boston Beaneaters (now the Atlanta Braves ). Many of these parks caught fire, and those that did not proved inadequate for a growing game. All of the 19th-century wooden parks were replaced, some after
1800-680: Is a true dome structure made of a lamellar multi-ringed frame and has a diameter of 680 feet (210 m). It is the largest fixed domed structure in the world. Even though enclosed, dome stadiums are called stadiums because they are large enough for, and designed for, what are generally considered to be outdoor sports such as athletics, American football , association football , rugby , and baseball . Those designed for what are usually indoor sports like basketball, ice hockey and volleyball are generally called arenas . Exceptions include: Different sports require different playing surfaces of various size and shape. Some stadiums are designed primarily for
1890-528: Is often cited as the first modern seater stadium, at least in the UK. Designed by the engineer J.J. Webster and completed in 10 months by George Wimpey , on the site of the Franco-British Exhibition , this stadium with a seating capacity of 68,000 was opened by King Edward VII on 27 April 1908. Upon completion, the stadium had a running track 24 ft wide (7.3 m) and three laps to
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#17327661340341980-733: Is the Nippon Professional Baseball league of Japan, in which many of the teams are themselves named after their parent corporations. Also, many newer European football stadiums, such as the University of Bolton and Emirates Stadiums in England and Signal Iduna Park and Allianz Arena in Germany have been corporately named. This new trend in corporate naming (or renaming) is distinguishable from names of some older venues, such as Crosley Field , Wrigley Field , and
2070-612: The 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Papua New Guinea . Sweden won the match 1−0 with the second half goal in the 53rd minute to Anna Oskarsson . The City of Kassel arranged for 200 refugees to attend the match. In September 2016, the German U21 national team played a friendly match at Auestadion against Slovakia . The match marked the U21 national team head coach debut of Stefan Kuntz . In front of 6,890 fans, Germany won
2160-794: The Allianz Arena in Munich was called the FIFA World Cup Stadium, Munich during the tournament. Likewise, the same stadium will be known as the "München Arena" during the European Competitions. Similar rules affect the Imtech Arena and Veltins-Arena . This rule applies even if the stadium sponsor is an official FIFA sponsor—the Johannesburg stadium then commercially known as "Coca-Cola Park", bearing
2250-542: The Federal Border Police who danced before laying on the stadium grass to form the letters Hessentag with their bodies. There was a 1,000 person choir as well as international military bands from the United States, England , Belgium and France . In addition, there was also the Army Music Corps II , the motorcycle squadron of the riot police as well as folk dance and costume groups. In 2013
2340-581: The German U17 national team played at the stadium in a friendly match against Israel . Germany proved too good for the visitors and claimed a 5−0 victory. Said Benkarit scored a hat-trick before Max Meyer and Serge Gnabry completed the rout. The official attendance record for the Auestadion is 37,000 spectators. This record was set in 1964 with the Bundesliga promotion play-off match between KSV Hessen Kassel and Hannover 96 . Hannover defeated
2430-636: The Lansdowne Rugby Football Club – colours red, black and yellow." Some 300 cartloads of soil from a trench beneath the railway were used to raise the ground, allowing Dunlop to use his engineering expertise to create a pitch envied around Ireland. Other early stadiums from this period in the UK include the Stamford Bridge stadium (opened in 1877 for the London Athletic Club ) and Anfield stadium (1884 as
2520-638: The National Football League or the American Football League . (To a certain extent, this continues in lower football leagues as well, with the venue now known as Charles Schwab Field Omaha being used as the home stadium of the United Football League's Omaha Nighthawks .) Along with today's single use stadiums is the trend for retro-style ballparks closer to downtown areas. Oriole Park at Camden Yards
2610-483: The Parkstadion Baunatal , was too small for the 2.Bundesliga so they moved into the Auestadion. After KSV Baunatal finished nineteenth in 1978/79 and were relegated, they left Auestadion and returned to their spiritual home, Parkstadion Baunatal. The highest attendance Baunatal drew at Auestadion was 22,000 fans on 25 August 1976. KSV Baunatal faced 1. FC Nürnberg in the 2.Bundesliga. The match ended in
2700-640: The Summer Olympics and the FIFA World Cup (of association football), during which cities often pledge to build new stadiums in order to satisfy the International Olympic Committee (IOC) or FIFA . In recent decades, to help take the burden of the massive expense of building and maintaining a stadium, many American and European sports teams have sold the rights to the name of the facility. This trend, which began in
2790-654: The 1960s stadiums began to be used as live venues for popular music, giving rise to the term " stadium rock ", particularly for forms of hard rock and progressive rock . The origins of stadium rock are sometimes dated to when the Beatles played Shea Stadium in New York in 1965. Also important was the use of large stadiums for American tours by bands in the later 1960s, such as the Rolling Stones , Grand Funk Railroad and Led Zeppelin . The tendency developed in
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2880-604: The 1970s, but accelerated greatly in the 1990s, has led to sponsors' names being affixed to both established stadiums and new ones. In some cases, the corporate name replaces (with varying degrees of success) the name by which the venue has been known for many years. But many of the more recently built stadiums, like the Volkswagen Arena in Wolfsburg , Germany, have never been known by a non-corporate name. The sponsorship phenomenon has since spread worldwide. There remain
2970-532: The 1990s. In several cases, an American football stadium has been constructed adjacent to a baseball park , to allow for the sharing of mutual parking lots and other amenities. With the rise of MLS, the construction of soccer-specific stadiums has also increased since the late 1990s to better fit the needs of that sport. In many cases, earlier baseball stadiums were constructed to fit into a particular land area or city block. This resulted in asymmetrical dimensions for many baseball fields. Yankee Stadium , for example,
3060-455: The Auestadion occurred between 1983 and 1993. During those ten years, two new seating stands were built either side of the main grandstand on the western side of the stadium. Designed by Norbert Harle, each of these new stands had a cantilevered roof like the grandstand and seating capacity for 700 people. In addition to the new stands, the running track was upgraded with a new artificial surface and other athletic facilities were installed to ensure
3150-545: The City of Kassel by the Frankfurt Higher Regional Court on 11 December 2009 and construction work finally began. The new grandstand and the project was completed on 14 October 2010 with the new total spectator capacity of the Auestadion brought up to 18,737. The opening of the new grandstand occurred on 24 October 2010. The City of Kassel hosted a festival ahead of the scheduled regionalliga KSV Hessen Kassel football match against Nürnberg II . There
3240-767: The German Athletics Championships is a major annual national tournament for German track and field athletics for both men and women. The Auestadion is one of fourteen venues to host the German Championships since the Championships resumed post World War II . The 2011 edition was hosted over two days on 23–24 July 2011. Two championship records were set at the stadium for women's hammer throw by Betty Heidler and javelin throw by Christina Obergföll . The 2016 Championships were contested on 18–19 June 2016. One championship record
3330-487: The U.S. The Baker Bowl , a baseball park in Philadelphia that opened in its original form in 1887 but was completely rebuilt in 1895, broke new ground in stadium construction in two major ways. The stadium's second incarnation featured the world's first cantilevered second deck (tier) in a sports venue, and was the first baseball park to use steel and brick for the majority of its construction. Another influential venue
3420-453: The US is bleachers , which is mostly used for seating areas with bench seats as opposed to individual seats, and which often are uncovered; the name refers to the bleaching effect direct, unshaded sunlight has on the benches and patrons in those sections. Many stadiums make luxury suites or boxes available to patrons at high prices. These suites can accommodate ten to thirty people, depending on
3510-458: The construction of new facilities. In Europe and Latin America, where there are multiple association football clubs in any given city, and several leagues in each country, no such monopoly power exists, and stadiums are built primarily with private money. Outside professional sports, governments are also involved through the intense competition for the right to host major sporting events, primarily
3600-399: The event. Pausanias noted that for about half a century the only event at the ancient Greek Olympic festival was the race that comprised one length of the stadion at Olympia , where the word "stadium" originated. Most of the stadiums with a capacity of at least 10,000 are used for association football . Other popular stadium sports include gridiron football , baseball , cricket ,
3690-405: The fans back from the edge of the field but eventually he got the match underway when it became apparent this was impossible to do. Stadium A stadium ( pl. : stadiums or stadia ) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view
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3780-455: The final in front of 28,000 spectators. Stuttgart won the final 4−3 with an extra time goal by VfB striker Lothar Weise in the 113th minute. It was Stuttgart's second Pokal success and the third time Düsseldorf had lost the Pokal final. The second final held at the Auestadion was the 1959 DFB-Pokal Final . In front of 20,000 fans, Schwarz-Weiß Essen faced Borussia Neunkirchen in the final. In
3870-408: The first and second Busch Stadiums , in that the parks were named by and for the club's owner, which also happened to be the name of the company owned by those clubowners. (The current Busch Stadium received its name via a modern naming rights agreement.) During the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, some stadiums were temporarily renamed because FIFA prohibits sponsorship of stadiums. For example,
3960-479: The home team to win the match 2–1 . There is however a report of 40,000 people attending a DFB-Pokal match in January 1965 at the stadium. KSV played Bundesliga club Hamburger SV (HSV, Hamburg) and lost 2–0 with goals to Uwe Seeler (12th minute) and Charly Dörfel (57th minute). The official crowd number was 33,000 but Kassel police reported there was 40,000 spectators in attendance. The number of fans buckled
4050-476: The largest among them, are megaprojects that can only be afforded by the largest corporations, wealthiest individuals, or government. Sports fans have a deep emotional attachment to their teams. In North America, with its closed-league " franchise " system, there are fewer teams than cities which would like them. This creates tremendous bargaining power for the owners of teams, whereby owners can threaten to relocate teams to other cities unless governments subsidize
4140-492: The lead of Aerosmith and including Mötley Crüe , Quiet Riot , W.A.S.P. and Ratt . Since the 1980s, rock, pop and folk stars, including the Grateful Dead , Madonna , Michael Jackson , Beyoncé , Lady Gaga and Taylor Swift , have undertaken large-scale stadium based concert tours . German Athletics Association The German Athletics Association ( German : Deutscher Leichtathletik-Verband ; DLV )
4230-682: The match 3−0 with goals to Grischa Prömel , Niklas Stark and Levin Öztunali . Previously, the U21 national men's team had played two matches at the stadium. In October 2013, Germany played the Faroe Islands in a 2015 U21 Euro qualifier . In a close match, Germany prevailed 3−2 winners in front of 8,340 spectators. Robin Knoche , Kevin Volland and Amin Younes scored the goals for the home team, Árni Frederiksberg and Hørður Askham scored for
4320-418: The mid-1970s as the increased power of amplification and sound systems allowed the use of larger and larger venues. Smoke, fireworks and sophisticated lighting shows became staples of arena rock performances. Key acts from this era included Journey , REO Speedwagon , Boston , Foreigner , Styx , Kiss , Peter Frampton and Queen . In the 1980s arena rock became dominated by glam metal bands, following
4410-456: The mile (536 m); outside there was a 35-foot-wide (11 m), 660-yard (600 m) cycle track. The infield included a swimming and diving pool. The London Highbury Stadium , built in 1913, was the first stadium in the UK to feature a two-tiered seating arrangement when it was redesigned in the Art Deco style in 1936. During these decades, parallel stadium developments were taking place in
4500-481: The modern stadium. The first stadiums to be built in the modern era were basic facilities, designed for the single purpose of fitting as many spectators in as possible. With tremendous growth in the popularity of organised sport in the late Victorian era , especially association football in the United Kingdom and baseball in the United States, the first such structures were built. One such early stadium
4590-613: The most famous being the Stadium of Domitian , in Rome. The excavated and refurbished ancient Panathenaic Stadium hosted attempted revivals of the Olympic Games in 1870 and 1875 before hosting the first modern Olympics in 1896 , the 1906 Intercalated Games , and some events of the 2004 Summer Olympics . The excavation and refurbishment of the stadium was part of the legacy of the Greek national benefactor Evangelos Zappas , and it
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#17327661340344680-481: The name of one of FIFA's major sponsors , was known by its historic name of Ellis Park Stadium during the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Corporate names are also temporarily replaced during the Olympics. Modern stadiums bring several negative environmental issues with their construction. They require thousands of tons of materials to build, they greatly increase traffic in the area around the stadium, as well as maintaining
4770-401: The namesake corporation changes its name, or if it is the naming agreement simply expires. Phoenix's Chase Field , for example, was previously known as Bank One Ballpark, but was renamed to reflect the takeover of the latter corporation. San Francisco's historic Candlestick Park was renamed as 3Com Park for several years, but the name was dropped when the sponsorship agreement expired, and it
4860-475: The old stadiums they replace. In North America, where baseball and American football are the two most popular outdoor spectator sports, a number of football/baseball multi-use stadiums were built, especially during the 1960s, and some of them were successful. Since the requirements for baseball and football are significantly different, the trend has been toward the construction of single-purpose stadiums, beginning with Kansas City in 1972–1973 and accelerating in
4950-411: The playing ground to the warm-up and training area. On 25 November 2006, the new east stand was inaugurated with a football match between KSV Hessen Kassel and FC Bayern Munich II. The match ended in a 1–1 draw. The second phase began in mid-2007 and was completed in 2009. The running track was expanded from 6 to 8 lanes, the standing terraces of the north and south sides of the stadium were renovated and
5040-582: The playing surface from the stand for the supporters. It was only the second stadium in Germany to incorporate a cantilevered roof, following the Heinz Hilten designed Rosenaustadion in Augsburg that was built two years prior in 1951. In additional to the roof and seating capacity, the grandstand incorporated glazed exterior walls, a dedicated section for the media and change rooms for players and officials. A six lane running track made out of red cinder
5130-828: The public. An "all-seater" stadium has seats for all spectators. Other stadiums are designed so that all or some spectators stand to view the event. The term "all-seater" is not common in the U.S., as very few American stadiums have sizeable standing-only sections. Poor stadium design has contributed to disasters, such as the Hillsborough disaster and the Heysel Stadium disaster . Since these, all Premier League , UEFA European Championship and FIFA World Cup qualifying matches require all spectators to be seated. Seating areas may be known as terraces , tiers , or decks . Originally set out for standing room only, they are now usually equipped with seating. Another term used in
5220-418: The railings in the standing areas. Children were passed down onto the playing ground to ensure their safety. The right hand side gate of the grandstand was pushed down and fans flooded into the playing area. The stewards and the police were powerless, and spectators were standing all around the corner flags. The referee, Wilfried Hilker , delayed the start of the match so authorities could regain control and push
5310-533: The south stand under cover, while the remaining three stands were left as terraces and uncovered. It was the first stadium to feature continuous seating along the contours of the stadium. These early venues, originally designed to host football matches, were adopted for use by the Olympic Games, the first one being held in 1896 in Athens , Greece. The White City Stadium , built for the 1908 Summer Olympics in London
5400-675: The stadium hosted 3 Doors Down , Die Toten Hosen , Unheilig , Helene Fischer , Philipp Poisel , David Garrett , Die Ärzte and held a Just White at the Hessentag 2013 theme. As of 2020, KSV Hessen Kassel are the current football tenant of the Auestadion. It has been their home ground since opening in August 1953. Hessen Kassel did re-located for three seasons away from Auestadion between 1998 and 2001. The club had been relegated from division three to division eight as it had filed for bankruptcy and re-formed. Kassel did not need to play in such
5490-546: The stadium was completed in 1956. On 17 June 1956, to mark the completion, an inauguration ceremony was held along with an athletics festival attended by 12,000 spectators. Local and national athletes turned out for the festival, which was billed by local media at the time as good preparation for the Olynpic Games held in Melbourne , Australia later that year. 1983 to 1993 The first renovation and rejuvenation of
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#17327661340345580-401: The stadium's history. The vastly differing character of European football stadiums has led to the growing hobby of ground hopping where spectators make a journey to visit the stadium for itself rather than for the event held there. In recent years the trend of building completely new oval stadiums in Europe has led to traditionalists criticising the designs as bland and lacking in the character of
5670-536: The stadium. The increased traffic around modern stadiums has led to create exposure zones says the Health Effect Institute, exposing 30–40% of people living around the stadium to potential health issues. Many stadiums are attempting to counteract these issues by implementing solar panels, and high efficiency lighting, to reduce their own carbon footprint. Although concerts, such as classical music, had been presented in them for decades, beginning in
5760-528: The stadium. The City decided to postpone the German Athletics Championships from 2010 to 2011 and move the Askina Sports Festival to Bauntal for two years to provide time for the project to be completed. The demolition of the old grandstand occurred in June 2009. A legal dispute regarding the tender process then delayed construction of the new grandstand. The matter was finally settled in favour of
5850-400: The standings at the end of the event with 59 points. East Germany came second and Poland finished third. Between 1998-2008 and 2011 the Auestadion hosted an annual international athletics festival named Askina Sports Festival ( German : Askina-Sportfest ). The annual event was organised by Heinz Hüsselmann and his Bochum based agency Performance Promotion GmbH. The festival was named after
5940-491: The start of the "jewel box" era of park construction. The largest stadium crowd ever was 199,854 people watching the final match of the 1950 World Cup at Rio de Janeiro 's Maracanã on 16 July 1950. Domed stadiums are distinguished from conventional stadiums by their enclosing roofs. Many of these are not actually domes in the pure architectural sense, some being better described as vaults , some having truss -supported roofs and others having more exotic designs such as
6030-439: The theatre, with its seating arrangements foreshadowing those of modern stadiums. The Romans copied the theatre, then expanded it to accommodate larger crowds and more elaborate settings. The Romans also developed the double-sized round theatre called amphitheatre , seating crowds in the tens of thousands for gladiatorial combats and beast shows. The Greek stadium and theatre and the Roman circus and amphitheatre are all ancestral to
6120-491: The time, defeated Montenegro 10−0 with German captain Alexandra Popp scoring a hat-trick of goals before being substituted just before the hour mark. The match was watched by 6,275 fans inside the stadium. The German women's team had previously played two other matches at the stadium. In May 2008 when they faced and defeated Wales 4−0 in a Euro 2009 qualifier . In September 2001, The German women took on England in
6210-517: The various codes of rugby , field lacrosse , bandy , and bullfighting . Many large sports venues are also used for concerts. "Stadium" is the Latin form of the Greek word " stadion " ( στάδιον ), a measure of length equalling the length of 600 human feet. As feet are of variable length the exact length of a stadion depends on the exact length adopted for 1 foot at a given place and time. Although in modern terms 1 stadion = 600 ft (180 m), in
6300-562: The venue. Luxury suites at events such as the Super Bowl can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Due to the number of people congregating in stadiums and the frequency of events, many notable accidents have occurred in the past, some causing injury and death. For example, the Hillsborough disaster was a human crush at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield , England on 15 April 1989. The resulting 97 deaths and 765 injuries makes this
6390-400: The viability of the stadium for future athletic competitions. 2003 to 2009 Between 2003 and 2009 the City of Kassel planned two phases of upgrades to the stadium to improve both athletics and football experiences at the venue. The first phase began construction in 2003 and was completed in 2006. The East stand (opposite side of the stadium from the main grandstand) was built. The decision
6480-428: The visitors. In March 2011. Germany took on Italy U21s in a friendly match. With 16,368 supporters in attendance, Italy and Germany played out a 2−2 draw. Germany took a 2−0 lead through two goals to Lewis Holtby before Italy staged a comeback to draw level with late second half goals to Manolo Gabbiadini and Fabio Borini . The attendance for the match broke a German record for an under 21 game. On 16 September 2011,
6570-468: The world. The architect Archibald Leitch brought his experience with the construction of industrial buildings to bear on the design of functional stadiums up and down the country. His work encompassed the first 40 years of the 20th century. One of his most notable designs was Old Trafford in Manchester. The ground was originally designed with a capacity of 100,000 spectators and featured seating in
6660-461: The worst disaster in British sporting history. Much effort has been spent to avoid the recurrence of such events, both in design and legislation. Especially where there is a perceived risk of terrorism or violence attention remains high to prevent human death and keep stadiums as places where families can enjoy a public event together. In Europe and South America, during the twentieth century, it
6750-585: Was Boston 's Harvard Stadium , built in 1903 by Harvard University for its American football team and track and field program. It was the world's first stadium to use concrete-and-steel construction. In 1909, concrete-and-steel construction came to baseball with the opening of Shibe Park in Philadelphia and, a few months later, Forbes Field in Pittsburgh . The latter was the world's first three-tiered sporting venue. The opening of these parks marked
6840-556: Was a condition stipulated in the awarding of the 2011 German Athletics Championship to Auestadion by the German Athletics Association . The video wall became operational on 13 July 2011. The stadium has been the venue for the final of the DFB-Pokal twice. The first final held at Auestadion was the 1958 DFB-Pokal Final , the fifteenth edition of the cup competition. Fortuna Düsseldorf met VfB Stuttgart in
6930-613: Was another two years before the new name of Monster Cable Products ' Monster Park was applied. Local opposition to the corporate naming of that particular stadium led San Francisco's city council to permanently restore the Candlestick Park name once the Monster contract expired. More recently, in Ireland, there has been huge opposition to the renaming of Dublin 's historic Lansdowne Road as the Aviva Stadium . Lansdowne
7020-585: Was built on a triangular city block in The Bronx , New York City. This resulted in a large left field dimension but a small right field dimension. Before more modern football stadiums were built in the United States, many baseball parks, including Fenway Park , the Polo Grounds , Wrigley Field , Comiskey Park , Tiger Stadium , Griffith Stadium , Milwaukee County Stadium , Shibe Park , Forbes Field , Yankee Stadium , and Sportsman's Park were used by
7110-686: Was common for violent bands of supporters to fight inside or close to association football stadiums. In the United Kingdom they are known as hooligans . Structural features that increase safety include separate entry and exit accesses for each spectator area, especially separating accesses for home and visitor supporters, dividing walls, glass parapets, vibration attenuation and sprinkler systems. Security features that have been adopted include armed surveillance, Identity document checks, video surveillance , metal detectors and security searches to enforce rules that forbid spectators to carry dangerous or potentially dangerous items. Modern stadiums, especially
7200-611: Was held on 11–12 September at the Neckarstadion in Stuttgart . The women's event was held one week later on 19 September at the Auestadion in Kassel . There were eleven disciplines contested at the women's event including running, hurdles, high and long jump, shot put, discus and javelin throwing. Eastern European athletes dominated the medal tally at the event. Gold medals were given out to athletes from Poland , East Germany , Soviet Union and Hungary . The Soviet Union topped
7290-423: Was installed around the outside of the football pitch. On 23 August 1953, the Auestadion was officially opened by Hessian Prime Minister Georg-August Zinn in front of 20,000 people. A top division football match between Auestadian's first tenants KSV Hessen Kassel and Bavarian opponents Viktoria Aschaffenburg was played to inaugurate the opening. Hessen Kassel lost the match 2–1. The athletics facilities at
7380-604: Was moved away from Auestadion in 2009 and 2010 due to the construction work on the new grandstand at the stadium. Baunatal Park Stadium in Baunatal hosted the festival for those two years. In 2011 the event returned to Auestadion one last time. In 2012 the event was cancelled due to sponsors pulling out and the City of Kassel withdrawing support. The Auestadion has twice hosted the German Athletics Championships in 2011 and 2016 . Established in 1898,
7470-474: Was music, stadium tours, hands-on activities by the Kassel athletics clubs and an appearance by the Police Motorsport Club. Between 2003 and 2010 the City of Kassel had spent a total of €23 million on upgrades to the Auestadion. In 2011, the City of Kassel, state of Hesse and KSV Hessen Kassel raised €400,000 between them to install a 72 square meter video wall at the stadium. The video wall
7560-529: Was redeveloped as the Aviva, opening in May 2010. On the other hand, Los Angeles' Great Western Forum , one of the earliest examples of corporate renaming, retained its name for many years, even after the namesake bank no longer existed, the corporate name being dropped only after the building later changed ownership. This practice has typically been less common in countries outside the United States. A notable exception
7650-563: Was reportedly the first floodlit stadium. Floodlighting in association football dates as far back as 1878, when there were floodlit experimental matches at Bramall Lane, Sheffield during the dark winter afternoons. With no national grid , lights were powered by batteries and dynamoes , and were unreliable. Since the development of electrical grids, lighting has been an important element in stadium design, allowing games to be played after sundown, and in covered, or partly covered stadiums that allow less natural light, but provide more shelter for
7740-436: Was set by Gesa Felicitas Krause in the women's 3000 metres steeplechase . The Auestadion has hosted musical concerts during the two Hessentag festivals Kassel has hosted in 1964 and 2013. In 1964 it was estimated that 50,000 people packed into the stadium for the music concert. No official number was counted as the rush of people meant the stadium gates were just opened. The Auestadion event included acts from 350 members of
7830-417: Was taken to build it out of steel to match the main grandstand's style. This included building a new steel roof, the first time the east stand had a roof. The seating capacity of the new east stand was 4,700. There was also new terracing sections installed around the corners either side of the stand. This accommodated an additional 1,000 people. A new tunnel on the eastern side of the stadium was built to connect
7920-509: Was the Lansdowne Road Stadium , the brainchild of Henry Dunlop , who organised the first All Ireland Athletics Championships. Banned from locating sporting events at Trinity College, Dunlop built the stadium in 1872. "I laid down a cinder running path of a quarter-mile, laid down the present Lansdowne Tennis Club ground with my own theodolite, started a Lansdowne archery club, a Lansdowne cricket club, and last, but not least,
8010-468: Was the first ancient stadium to be used in modern times. Stadiums in ancient Greece and Rome were built for different purposes, and at first only the Greeks built structures called "stadium"; Romans built structures called " circus ". Greek stadia were for foot races, whereas the Roman circus was for horse races. Both had similar shapes and bowl-like areas around them for spectators. The Greeks also developed
8100-525: Was the first such ballpark for Major League Baseball to be built, using early-20th-century styling with 21st-century amenities. There is a solar-powered stadium in Taiwan that produces as much energy as it needs to function. Stadium designers often study acoustics to increase noise caused by fans' voices, aiming to create a lively atmosphere. Until the advent of floodlights , most games played on large areas had to rely on natural lighting. Bramall Lane
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