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36-397: On October 5, 1909, August Macke married his long-time girlfriend, Elisabeth Gerhardt. The couple first lived on Tegernsee , then moved to Bonn . Macke painted continuously, was increasingly finding his direction and urgently needed a studio. This was set up in the attic of the house of his mother-in-law, Sophie Gerhardt, built in 1877–1878, at Bornheimer Strasse 88 (now 96); the renovation

72-657: A Byzantine expert, to Thessaloniki , Mount Athos , and various other Greek locations. A few years later, in 1910, Marc developed an important friendship with the artist August Macke . In 1910 Marc painted Nude with Cat and Grazing Horses , and showed works in the second exhibition of the Neue Künstlervereinigung (New Artists' Association, of which Marc was briefly a member) at the Thannhauser Galleries in Munich . In 1911, Marc founded

108-684: A German Jewish banker who had owned the painting before the Nazis rose to power was arrested on Kristallnacht and incarcerated in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1938, before he managed to flee to Chile in 1939. The painting passed through Galerie Nierendorf , and William and Charlotte Dieterle, according to the German Lost Art Foundation. In 2021, the German Advisory Commission recommended that

144-433: A citizens' initiative to put the house under a preservation order and thus prevent the renovation. In 1989 the association "August Macke Haus" was founded, which became responsible for the museum's artistic program. In the same year the house was taken by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the sponsor and building contractor Herbert Hillebrand bought it to be properly renovated, to have Macke's studio restored and open to

180-608: A farming family in Westphalia's Sauerland region. Shortly after August's birth the family settled at Cologne, where Macke was educated at the Kreuzgymnasium (1897–1900) and became a friend of Hans Thuar, who also became an artist. In 1900, when he was thirteen, the family moved to Bonn, where Macke studied at the Realgymnasium and became a friend of Walter Gerhardt and Gerhardt's sister, Elisabeth , whom he married

216-604: A few years later. The first artistic works to make an impression on the boy were his father's drawings, the Japanese prints collected by his friend Thuar's father and the works of Arnold Böcklin which he saw on a visit to Basel in 1900. In 1904 Macke's father died, and in that year Macke enrolled at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf , under Adolf Maennchen (1904–1906). During this period he also took evening classes under Fritz Helmut Ehmke (1905), did some work as

252-498: A friend of her husband's, Lothar Erdmann . She lived with him and Macke's two sons (Erdmann's two children would come later) in the same house until 1925, when she moved to Berlin . The house was then rented, but not the studio. Her second husband died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1939. Elisabeth returned to the house in 1948 and set up in the studio, in which she lived until 1975, before moving back to Berlin, where she died in 1978. A bronze plaque commemorating August Macke

288-554: A half times the high estimate – at Christie's in 2011. In 2007, the Berlin auction house Villa Grisebach sold Macke’s Woman with a Parrot in a Landscape for €2.4 million, setting a record price for the artist. The painting's provenance mentioned it was confiscated in 1937 as 'degenerate'. In the 2008 catalogue of Macke’s works, Hildebrand Gurlitt, Hitler's art dealer was mentioned in the provenance. Franz Marc Franz Moritz Wilhelm Marc (8 February 1880 – 4 March 1916)

324-658: A stage and costume designer at the Schauspielhaus Düsseldorf , and visited northern Italy (1905) and Netherlands, Belgium and Britain (1906). Thereafter Macke lived most of his creative life in Bonn , with the exception of a few periods spent at Lake Thun in Switzerland and various trips to Paris, Italy, the Netherlands and Tunisia . In Paris, where he traveled for the first time in 1907, Macke saw

360-525: A thousand other paintings, in the Munich apartment of Cornelius Gurlitt whose father, Hildebrand Gurlitt , was one of Hitler's four official art dealers of Modernist art the Nazis called "degenerate" which the Nazis sold or traded to raise cash for the Third Reich. In 2017, the family of Kurt Grawi demanded the restitution of Marc's painting The Foxes (1913) from Düsseldorf's Kunstpalast. Grawi,

396-587: A year, after which, in 1900, he began studies instead at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich , where his teachers included Gabriel von Hackl and Wilhelm von Diez . In 1903 and 1907, he spent time in France, particularly in Paris, visiting the museums in the city and copying many paintings, a traditional way for artists to study and develop technique. In Paris, Marc frequented artistic circles, meeting numerous artists and

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432-598: Is a museum dedicated to August Macke founded in 1991. It is located in Macke's former home in Bonn , where he lived from 1911 to 1914. At a 1997 Christie's auction, Macke's The Couple at a Garden Table (1914) was sold for £2 million. Market in Tunis (1914) sold for £2.86 million ($ 4.1 million) in 2000. Consigned by the estate of Ernst Beyeler , the artist's In the Bazar (1914) was auctioned for £3.96 million – then four and

468-692: The Der Blaue Reiter journal, which became the center of an artist circle, along with Macke, Wassily Kandinsky , and others who had decided to split off from the Neue Künstlervereinigung movement. Though Marc showed several of his works in the first Der Blaue Reiter exhibition at the Thannhauser Galleries in Munich between December 1911 and January 1912, as it was the apex of the German expressionist movement,

504-522: The Battle of Verdun in 1916 before orders for reassignment could reach him. Marc made some sixty prints in woodcut and lithography . Most of his mature work portrays animals, usually in natural settings. His work is characterized by bright primary color, an almost cubist portrayal of animals, stark simplicity and a profound sense of emotion. Even in his own time, his work attracted notice in influential circles. Marc gave an emotional meaning or purpose to

540-421: The Battle of Verdun . In the 1930s, the Nazis named him a degenerate artist as part of their suppression of modern art. However, most of his work survived World War II, securing his legacy. His work is now exhibited in many eminent galleries and museums. His major paintings have attracted large sums, with a record of £42,654,500 for Die Füchse ( The Foxes ) in 2022. Franz Marc was born in 1880 in Munich,

576-608: The Animals in 1913. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Marc was drafted into the Imperial German Army as a cavalryman. By February 1916, as shown in a letter to his wife, he had gravitated to military camouflage . His technique for hiding artillery from aerial observation was to paint canvas covers in broadly pointillist style. He took pleasure in creating a series of nine such tarpaulin covers in styles varying "from Manet to Kandinsky ", suspecting that

612-563: The actress Sarah Bernhardt . He discovered a strong affinity for the work of painter Vincent van Gogh . After the 1903 trip, he ceased attending the Academy of Fine Arts. During his 20s, Marc was involved in a number of stormy relationships, including an affair lasting for many years with Annette Von Eckhardt, a married antique dealer nine years his senior. He married twice, first to Marie Schnür , then to Maria Franck ; both were artists. In 1906, Marc traveled with his elder brother Paul,

648-772: The city of Düsseldorf restitute the painting to Grawi's heirs; this was done, and the painting was sold at Christie's by Grawi's heirs in 2022. Marc's family house in Munich is marked with a historical plaque. The Franz Marc Museum which is located in Kochel am See, opened in 1986 and is dedicated to the artist's life and work. It houses many of his paintings, and also works by other contemporary artists. In October 1998, several of Marc's paintings garnered record prices at Christie's art auction house in London, including Rote Rehe I ( Red Deer I ), which sold for $ 3.3 million. In October 1999, his Der Wasserfall ( The Waterfall )

684-504: The colors he used in his work: blue was used to portray masculinity and spirituality, yellow represented feminine joy, and red encased the sound of violence. One of Marc's best-known paintings is Tierschicksale ( Animal Destinies or Fate of the Animals ), which hangs in the Kunstmuseum Basel . Marc had completed the work in 1913, when "the tension of impending cataclysm had pervaded society", as one art historian noted. On

720-632: The elements of the avant-garde which most interested him. Like his friend Franz Marc and Otto Soltau , he was one of the young German artists who died in the First World War . August Robert Ludwig Macke was born in Germany on 3 January 1887, in Meschede , Westphalia . He was the only son of August Friedrich Hermann Macke (1845–1904), a building contractor and amateur artist, and his wife, Maria Florentine, née Adolph, (1848–1922), who came from

756-458: The exhibit also showed in Berlin, Cologne, Hagen, and Frankfurt. In 1912, Marc met Robert Delaunay , whose use of color and the futurist method was a major influence on Marc's work; fascinated by futurism and cubism , Marc created art that increasingly was stark in nature, painting natural abstract forms which found spiritual value in color. He painted The Tiger and Red Deer in 1912 and The Tower of Blue Horses , The Foxes , and Fate of

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792-423: The house. He also often painted his surroundings, the view from the house, the streets and the garden. At the time, Macke had made relatively long journeys to know better modern painting, innovative artists and new surroundings. In the place where he now lived, he welcomed people like Franz Marc , Max Ernst , Guillaume Apollinaire , Robert Delaunay , Gabriele Münter and Paul Klee . With Franz Marc, Macke painted

828-699: The large mural Paradise on the studio wall in 1912. It was dismantled in 1980 and is now in the Westphalian State Museum of Art and Cultural History in Münster . It was replaced by a copy in the original size, now on display in the Macke Museum. In 1914, shortly after the start of the World War I , Macke was killed in action in France at the age of 27. After two years, his widow married

864-570: The late Marc as an entarteter Künstler (degenerate artist) and ordered approximately 130 of his works removed from exhibition in German museums. The Blue Horses was auctioned off at the infamous Theodor Fischer gallery " degenerate art " sale in Lucerne, on 29 June 1939, and acquired by the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Liège. His painting Landscape With Horses was discovered in 2012 along with more than

900-530: The latter could be the most effective against aircraft flying at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) or higher. By 1916, he had been promoted to lieutenant and awarded the Iron Cross . After mobilization of the German Army, the government identified notable artists to be withdrawn from combat for their own safety. Marc was on the list but was struck in the head and killed instantly by a shell splinter during

936-663: The mystical and symbolic interests of Der Blaue Reiter . Macke's meeting with Robert Delaunay in Paris in 1912 was to be a sort of revelation for him. Delaunay's chromatic Cubism , which Apollinaire had called Orphism , influenced Macke's art from that point onwards. His Shops Windows can be considered a personal interpretation of Delaunay's Windows, combined with the simultaneity of images found in Italian Futurism . The exotic atmosphere of Tunisia, where Macke traveled in April 1914 with Paul Klee and Louis Moilliet

972-654: The public. On September 26, 1991, the August-Macke-Haus was officially opened in the presence of the then Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, Johannes Rau . Margarethe Jochimsen was the founding director. The financial sponsor of the house, the "August Macke Haus der Sparkasse Bonn Foundation", was founded in 1994. 50°44′15″N 7°5′10″E  /  50.73750°N 7.08611°E  / 50.73750; 7.08611 August Macke August Robert Ludwig Macke (3 January 1887 – 26 September 1914)

1008-539: The rear of the canvas, Marc wrote, "Und Alles Sein ist flammend Leid" ("And all being is flaming agony"). Serving in World War I, Marc wrote to his wife about the painting, "[it] is like a premonition of this war – horrible and shattering. I can hardly conceive that I painted it." After the National Socialists took power, they suppressed modern art; in 1936 and 1937, the Nazis condemned

1044-458: The then capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria . His father, Wilhelm Marc, was a professional landscape painter ; his mother, Sophie, was a homemaker and a devout, socially liberal Calvinist . At the age of 17 Marc wanted to study theology, as his older brother Paul had. Two years later, however, he enrolled in the arts program of Munich University . He was first required to serve in the military for

1080-540: The work of the Impressionists , and shortly after he went to Berlin and spent a few months in Lovis Corinth 's studio. His style was formed within the mode of French Impressionism and Post-Impressionism and later went through a Fauve period. In 1909 he married Elisabeth Gerhardt. In 1910, through his friendship with Franz Marc , Macke met Kandinsky and for a while shared the non-objective aesthetic and

1116-588: Was a German Expressionist painter. He was one of the leading members of the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider). He lived during a particularly active time for German art: he saw the development of the main German Expressionist movements as well as the arrival of the successive avant-garde movements which were forming in the rest of Europe. As an artist of his time, Macke knew how to integrate into his painting

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1152-485: Was a German painter and printmaker , one of the key figures of German Expressionism . He was a founding member of Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a journal whose name later became synonymous with the circle of artists collaborating in it. His mature works mostly are animals, and are known for bright colors. He was drafted to serve in the German Army at the beginning of World War I, and died two years later at

1188-489: Was attached to the house in the presence of the students who had suggested it and Ms. Erdmann-Macke in 1972 and still hangs there. The house, which had not been listed until then, was acquired by a building contractor from Berlin who wanted to gutt the house and convert it into a restaurant, after the above-mentioned mural had been translocated. Margarethe Jochimsen, chairwoman of the Bonner Kunstverein, founded

1224-544: Was carried out according to plans by the Bonn architect Hermann Schmitt. The father-in-law, the entrepreneur Carl Heinrich Gerhardt, had bought the house in 1884 as his company's archive and furnished it for the purpose. He died in 1907. In February 1911 Macke moved into this house with his wife and son Walter. The studio was Macke's first and only. The few years when was able to work there turned out to be his most productive. The artist completed more than 400 paintings while living in

1260-775: Was cut short by his early death in the second month of the First World War at the front in Champagne, France, on 26 September 1914. He was buried in the German Military Cemetery in Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus . His final painting, Farewell , depicts the mood of gloom that settled after the outbreak of war. The August Macke Prize , was given the first time in 1959 by the districts Arnsberg, Brilon, Olpe and Meschede , town of birth of August Macke in Germany. The August-Macke-Haus

1296-511: Was fundamental for the creation of the luminist approach of his final period, during which he produced a series of works now considered masterpieces, like his famous painting Türkisches Café . August Macke's oeuvre can be considered as Expressionism (in its original German flourishing between 1905 and 1925), and also as part of Fauvism. The paintings concentrate primarily on expressing feelings and moods rather than reproducing objective reality, usually distorting colour and form. Macke's career

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