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55-776: Augusta Victoria Compound is Community hospital and Church complex on the northern side of Mount of Olives in East Jerusalem and one of six hospitals of the East Jerusalem Hospitals Network . The compound was built in 1907–1914 by the Empress Augusta Victoria Foundation as a center for the German Protestant community in Ottoman Palestine , in addition to the slightly older Church of

110-499: A cancer center, a dialysis unit, and a pediatric center. In 2016, it inaugurated a bone marrow transplantation unit. It is the second-largest hospital in East Jerusalem , as well as being the sole remaining specialized-care hospital located in the West Bank or Gaza Strip . It runs 120 in-patient beds and treat a number of outpatients who come in for dialysis and radiation treatment, being the only facility serving 4.5m Palestinians in

165-486: A cancer center, a dialysis unit, and a pediatric center. It is the second largest hospital in east Jerusalem, as well as the sole remaining specialized care unit located in the West Bank or Gaza Strip. Augusta Victoria Compound was named for Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein , wife of German Kaiser Wilhelm II , who visited Jerusalem in 1898 . The architect, Robert Leibnitz, was inspired by German palaces, such as

220-458: A class of hospitals that provide continuation of care after discharge from acute hospitals, including rehabilitation and therapy. In Thailand, community hospital is a specific classification of public hospitals with a capacity of 150 beds or fewer. They serve local populations in provincial districts, providing primary care . An older term " cottage hospital " is now no longer applicable, having fallen from use because it inadequately describes

275-443: A few fellow Templers in order to establish a colony. Templer theology is rooted in the legacy of preceding centuries during which various Christian groups undertook to establish the perfect Christian religion in preparation for Christ's promised return . The movement was founded by Christoph Hoffmann, [1815-1885] who believed that humanity's salvation lay in the gathering of God's people in a Christian community. He also believed that

330-683: A group of fellow Templers, finally left Germany for Palestine, landing in Haifa on 30 October, having made the decision not only to "stipulate the number of Templers and the timing of their migration to Palestine, but also which professions and skills were required". They had already come to the conclusion that basing themselves in Jerusalem would not be practical, planning to settle nearby, close to Nazareth , but during their journey they were advised that Haifa would be more suitable, due to its good harbour and climate. Hoffmann and Hardegg purchased land at

385-645: A regular coach service between Haifa and the other cities, promoting the country's tourist industry, and made an important contribution to road construction. After the 1898 visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany , one of the Kaiser's traveling companions, Colonel Joseph Freiherr von Ellrichshausen, initiated the formation of a society for the advancement of the German settlements in Palestine, in Stuttgart . It enabled

440-767: A thriving community, suffered a devastating typhoid fever epidemic, began planning their move to Palestine, and changed their name to the Temple Society. While the Lutheran state church in Württemberg condemned and fought the Templers as apostates, the Prussian Protestant position was somewhat milder. Their settlement in the Holy Land found a warm support through Wilhelm Hoffmann (1806–1873), who

495-533: A way of life based on the word of God; he also stated that the conversion of the whole world, [this being the purpose of bringing together God's people] would only take place following Christ's second coming. In 1856 Hoffmann and Hardegg moved with their families and other "Friends of Jerusalem", to the Kirschenhardthof, previously part of a large estate in Hochberg, near Ludwigsberg ,. Here they built

550-605: A year later, and two years later, in 1871, a third colony in Sarona , as the Templers' first agricultural colony, on the road from Jaffa to Nablus . In 1873 a fourth colony was established in the Valley of Refaim outside Jerusalem 's Old City. The colony's oranges were the first to carry a " Jaffa orange " brand, one of the better known agricultural brands in Europe, used to market Israeli oranges to this day. The Templers established

605-741: Is a happy state. This is emphasised in all the Biblical prophesies, and should exist for all people. The Prophets point to Jerusalem as the Center of the Kingdom of God, a Happy State!" The word Templer is derived from the concept of the Christian Community as described in the New Testament , see 1 Corinthians 3:16 and 1 Peter 2:5 , where every person and the community are seen as temples in which God's spirit dwells. There

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660-666: Is no connection to the Medieval Knights Templar . Christoph Hoffmann met Georg David Hardegg (1812–1879) in 1849. They became friends and partners, and in 1853 Hardegg embraced Hoffmann's dream of a Christian State. Initially the Templer Movement/Temple Society was known as the "Friends of Jerusalem", and it was in 1855 that Hoffmann placed a pronouncement in their regular publication, the Sentinel, stating their intention of establishing

715-504: Is run by The Lutheran World Federation for international volunteers and guests. The hospital has a Department of Oncology which is an advanced center for cancer treatment. The department consists of the Unit for Medical Oncology, the Unit for Radiation Oncology, and the Unit for Surgical Oncology. A pediatric oncology ward for Palestinian children opened in April 2005 in a joint project with

770-682: Is used in Wales in a similar (but possibly less restricted) manner to Scotland. Some are named as community hospitals and many more are also listed as having this function. Some community hospitals have been chosen to act as a hub for services. Actual arrangements will be under legislation applicable to NHS Wales /Gig Cymru. The American Hospital Association (AHA) defines community hospitals as “all nonfederal, short-term general, and other special hospitals.” Health associations and hospital rating organizations, however, typically also say that teaching hospitals are not community hospitals. Some further restrict

825-419: Is usually short-term, in a cost-effective setting, and also focuses on preventing illnesses and not only treating them. The word community often occurs in the name of the hospital. The word community is used in the sense of a location-based community for a community hospital. The following sections describe community hospitals when referred to in specific countries. In Singapore, community hospitals are

880-642: The British Upper House that Great Britain agreed in principle to their return to Palestine. The League of Nations legitimised the British administration and custodianship by granting a mandate to Britain in 1922, which Turkey , the Ottoman successor, finally ratified by the Treaty of Lausanne , signed on 24 July 1923 and becoming effective on 5 August 1925. Thus the public custodianship ended in

935-522: The Cross of the Mount of Olives . Many of the building materials were imported from Germany. A 60-metre high church tower was constructed with four bells, the largest of them weighing six tons. To transport these bells from Jaffa , the road to Jerusalem had to be widened and paved. The expense was more than double the cost of transporting the bells from Hamburg to Jaffa. Augusta Victoria was the first building in

990-634: The Nazi takeover in Germany the new Reich's government streamlined foreign policy according to Nazi ideals, using financial pressure especially. The Nazi emphasis was on creating the image that Germany and Germanness were equal to Nazism . Thus, all non-Nazi aspects of German culture and identity were discriminated against as un-German. All international schools of German language subsidised or fully financed by government funds were obliged to redraw their educational programmes and to solely employ teachers aligned to

1045-551: The Peres Center for Peace , various Italian foundations and the Hadassah University Hospital , which trained the oncologist and nursing staff. Community hospital A community hospital can be purely a nominal designation or have a more specific meaning. When specific, it refers to a hospital that is accessible to the general public , and provides a general or specific medical care which

1100-742: The State of Israel paid DM 54 million in compensation to property owners whose assets were nationalized. Sarona was incorporated in Tel Aviv , part of it becoming the compound of the Israeli Ministry of Defense and the IDF High Command Headquarters, while the other part housed various civil offices of the Israeli government, using the original German houses. In the early 21st century the civil offices were evacuated and

1155-601: The State of Israel —with the fresh memory of the Holocaust —was adamant in not permitting any ethnic Germans, of a community which had expressed pro-Nazi sympathies, to remain in or return to its territory. On 12 March 1946 a team from the Zionist Haganah assassinated the leader of the community, Gotthilf Wagner. Later four more members of the sect were murdered in order to drive the group from Palestine. The former Templer colonies were re-settled by Jews. In 1962

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1210-539: The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The hospital mission statement includes the provision of health care without regard to race, creed, gender, or national origin. The hospital currently (2022) has 171 beds. In 2022 it did 22,717 dialysis sessions, 18,800 chemotherapy sessions and 31,717 radiation sessions. In 2022, US President Joe Biden visited

1265-552: The Arab Palestinian Dr. Tawfiq Canaan , who kept this position until 1956. Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War , the campus was fortified with several bunkers. During that war the building was heavily damaged, the upper floor was devastated by fire and was only rebuilt in 1988. Today, Augusta Victoria Hospital provides specialty care for Palestinians from across the West Bank and the Gaza Strip with services including

1320-554: The British and sent, together with Italian and Hungarian enemy aliens, to internment camps in Waldheim and Bethlehem of Galilee . On 31 July 1941, 661 Templers and other Germans in Palestine were deported to Australia via Egypt, leaving 345 in Palestine. In 1939, at the start of World War II, the British authorities declared the Templers enemy nationals , placed them under arrest and deported many of them to Australia . During

1375-579: The British sent 850 Templers to an internment camp at Helwan near Cairo in Egypt . In April 1920, 350 of these internees were deported to Germany. All the property of the Templers of enemy nationality (thus except of that of a few US citizens among them) was taken into public custodianship. With the establishment of a regular British administration in 1918 Edward Keith-Roach became the Public Custodian of Enemy Property in Palestine , who rented out

1430-536: The German Hohenzollern Castle . The complex was photographed in detail in ca. 1910, along with the inaugural celebrations, by Khalil Raad , Palestine's first Arab photographer. Although officially inaugurated on 10 April 1910, the construction was only finalised in 1914. After the Kaiser's 1898 visit, he commissioned the construction of a guesthouse for German pilgrims. Private donations were collected throughout Germany and donators honoured with

1485-575: The German Army. By 1938, 17% of the Templers in Palestine were members of the Nazi party. According to historian Yossi Ben-Artzi , "The members of the younger generation to some extent broke away from naive religious belief, and were more receptive to the Nazi German nationalism. The older ones tried to fight it." At the start of World War II colonists with German citizenship were rounded up by

1540-405: The Nazi party in 1934. In the mid-1930s, when the building was about to reopen as a hostel run by Deaconesses , the management decided to bar Jewish guests to preserve the institution's Christian character. During World War II , the compound was again used as a hospital by the British. Under Jordanian administration, technically under United Nations Truce Supervision Organization control, it

1595-663: The Nazi party. The teachers in Bethlehem were financed by the Reich government, so Nazi teachers also took over there. In 1933 Templer functionaries and other Gentile Germans living in Palestine appealed to Paul von Hindenburg and the Foreign Office not to use swastika symbols for German institutions, without success. Some German Gentiles from Palestine pleaded with the Reich government to drop its plan to boycott shops of Jewish Germans on 1 April 1933. Some Templers enlisted in

1650-672: The Redeemer from Jerusalem's Old City . Apart from the hospital, today the complex also includes the German Protestant Church of the Ascension with a c. 50 metre high belltower , a meeting centre for pilgrims and tourists, an interreligious kindergarten and a café, as well as the Jerusalem branch of the German Protestant Institute of Archaeology. Throughout much of its history, the compound

1705-729: The Templer Colony on Mount Carmel several times and wrote a letter to Hardegg. He asked his son, ‘Abdu’l-Baha, to build, on the alignment of the Templer Colony road (Carmel Avenue) but halfway up the mountain, the shrine to the forerunner of the religion (who was known as "the Bab"). The conjunction of the Templer buildings and the Shrine have become the most significant landmark in the modern city of Haifa. Hoffman established colonies in Jaffa

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1760-707: The appearance of community hospitals being more recent as a concept rather than a mere description. "Community Hospital" is not a statutory phrase but it is often used where there is "a unit or centre providing an appropriate range and format of accessible health care facilities and resources". Medical care is normally led by GPs , in liaison with consultant , nursing and allied health professional colleagues as necessary. These hospitals are typically small, using either purpose-built new premises or smaller general hospitals which have been retained to provide non-emergency services after general hospital services have been transferred to more centralised facilities; in some cases

1815-525: The area of radiation therapy. In May 2016, Joint Commission International, a US-based body that assesses hospitals and health care facilities globally, re-accredited the hospital for another three years. The hospital is one of six specialized medical centers in the East Jerusalem Hospitals Network , comprising Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital , Augusta Victoria Hospital, Red Crescent Maternity Hospital, St. John's Eye Hospital , Princess Basma Rehabilitation Centre and St. Joseph's Hospital . They have been

1870-650: The community hospital definition to only include independently run facilities serving a local demographic. A basic definition, therefore, is a hospital serving a local community, run by local leaders, providing financial opportunities for the local economy. A community hospital can be either rural or urban. Many of the rural hospitals in Africa are small, community hospitals. Algeria has 273 community hospitals denoted EPSP , which stands for etablissement de sante de publique de proximite in French. Polyclinics are also used at

1925-526: The community level. There is an average of one polyclinic per 25,000 inhabitants in Algeria. Templers (religious believers) The German Templer Society , also known as Templers , is a Radical Pietist group that emerged in Germany during the mid-nineteenth century, the two founders, Christoph Hoffmann and Georg David Hardegg, arriving in Haifa, Palestine, in October 1868 with their families and

1980-554: The country to have electricity, provided by a diesel generator. During World War I , the Hospital served as German military hospital. From 1915 to 1917 the compound was used as Ottoman headquarters by Djemal Pasha . From June to December 1917 the hospital was used as headquarters for the German high command of the German expeditionary corps ( Asienkorps ). After the British conquest, the Augusta Victoria compound served as

2035-627: The flat or domed roofs common in the region. Hard work, the harsh climate and epidemics claimed the lives of many before the colony became self-sustaining. Hardegg stayed in Haifa, while Hoffmann moved on to establish other colonies. In the same year, Bahá'u'lláh , the prophet-founder of the Baha’i Faith , arrived in the Haifa-Akka region as a prisoner of the Ottoman Empire. Years later, after his release from strict confinement, he visited

2090-446: The foot of Mount Carmel and established a colony there in 1868. At the time, Haifa had a population of 4,000. The Templers are credited today with promoting the development of the city. The colonists built an attractive main street that was much admired by the locals. It was 30 meters wide and planted with trees on both sides. The houses, designed by architect Jacob Schumacher , were built of stone, with red-shingled roofs, instead of

2145-407: The founding of the Kingdom of God on earth." In deciding where a Christian community should be established, Hoffmann wrote, "I made a special study, to discover if a center were named in the prophesies. I found that some Prophets declared Jerusalem to be the center. Others mentioned Israel, that is, Palestine, to be the external manifestation of the Kingdom of God on this earth. The prophesies stress

2200-632: The headquarters of General Allenby 's Egyptian Expeditionary Force and later as the headquarters of the British Military Administration of Occupied Enemy Territory (South). From 1920 to 1927, Augusta Victoria was the official residence of the British High Commissioner of the Palestine Mandate . In 1927, the buildings were severely damaged in an earthquake and the pointy roof of the belfry

2255-476: The hospital. On 27 November 2023, German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier paid a visit. The Augusta Victoria compound currently contains the following buildings and institutions: The rectory of the pastor of the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer is also located on the site, along with administrative offices and living quarters of the Jerusalem offices of The Lutheran World Federation. The guesthouse

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2310-430: The importance of uniting and gathering God's people. This is the responsibility of those who wish to work for the salvation of mankind. There is no doubt – and I believe it with all my heart – this Kingdom of God has a complementary, temporal meaning as well as a spiritual one. For instance, in a Christian State, a Kingdom of God, the misery and famine among poor people after a crop failure is uncalled for! The Kingdom of God

2365-496: The main providers of tertiary referral care for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip for health services for which the Ministry of Health is unable to provide, such as cancer care, cardiac and eye surgeries, neonatal intensive care, children's dialysis and physical rehabilitation of children. Since its re-establishment in 1950 Auguste Victoria Hospital has been primarily run and financed by The Lutheran World Federation and

2420-617: The property and collected the rents. In April 1920 the Allies convened at the Conference of San Remo and agreed on the British rule in Palestine, followed by the official establishment of the civil administration on 1 July 1920. From that date on Keith-Roach transferred the collected rents for property in custodianship to the actual proprietors. On 29 June 1920, the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon , informed

2475-957: The recovery of the King of Prussia", but unfortunately Frederick had become unwell, and his "illness prevented him from offering any support to the Templers." Unperturbed by objections from the Evangelical State Church and the Catholic sector, and the resignation of some members from the Society, Hoffmann and Hardegg left for a fact-finding trip to Palestine on 9 February 1858, along with agriculturist J. Bubeck. They arrived in Jaffa on 14 March 1858 and spent time visiting Jerusalem , Bethlehem, Beersheba,  Nazareth, Acco, Haifa , (Caifa at this time), and Tiberias before returning home. On 6 August 1868, Hoffmann, Hardegg, their families and

2530-490: The same year and the prior holders achieved the fully protected legal position as proprietors. The Mandate government and the Public Custodian of Enemy Property paid them 50% restitution for war losses of livestock and other property. The Bank of the Temple Society, formed in 1925 with its head office in Jaffa and branches in Haifa and Jerusalem, became one of the leading credit institutions in Palestine. After

2585-455: The second coming of Christ was imminent, and that according to Biblical prophecy it would take place in Jerusalem, where God's people were to gather as a symbol of the rebuilding of the temple. Hoffmann's thinking was inspired by the 1st-century Christian community and based on Matthew's Gospel in regard to Old Testament prophecies and their relevance to the coming of Jesus Christ. Hoffmann also believed that these "prophecies concerned mainly

2640-445: The services include in-patient care. Community hospitals can assist multidisciplinary working and can be used as an extended primary care resource. Community hospitals provide over 2,900 inpatient beds and over 750,000 outpatient, allied health professional and nurse led appointments. In many rural and remote communities this allows access to more specialised services and inpatient facilities closer to home. The (non-statutory) phrase

2695-400: The settlers to acquire land for new settlements by offering them low interest loans. A second wave of pioneer settlers founded Wilhelma (now Bnei Atarot ) in 1902 near Lod , (1903) near the original Jaffa colony , followed by Bethlehem of Galilee (1906) and Waldheim (now Alonei Abba ) in 1907. At its height, the Templer community in Palestine numbered 2,000. In July and August 1918

2750-579: The war the British government brokered the exchange of about 1,000 Templers for 550 Jews under German control. "The swap, Bauer stresses, stemmed primarily from British and German interests: Just as the British wanted to get the Germans out, Germany was happy for the chance to rid itself of a few hundred more Jews. There were three exchanges that took place, one in 1941, one in 1942 and the last in 1944. In total only 480 persons, Templers and other Germans living in Palestine were exchanged". After its foundation,

2805-448: The wide range of services being offered by their more modern equivalents. For many years the development of community hospitals was ad hoc, reflecting history rather than any rational planning. The (non-statutory) phrase is used in England in a similar manner to Scotland. Actual arrangements will be under legislation applicable to the English NHS . In Northern Ireland the phrase has similar use to Scotland but official publications give

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2860-416: Was a military hospital for soldiers from the Arab Legion . After World War II, the entire property of the German Evangelical mission to Palestine was passed into the fiduciary responsibility of the Lutheran World Federation (LWF); in 1950 the LWF established a large hospital for refugees in the compound. The hospital director was the long-time staff physician of the German Deaconess Hospital of Jerusalem,

2915-453: Was no apostate from the official church, like his younger brother Christoph. Through Wilhelm Hoffmann was able to meet with Frederick William IV of Prussia in Berlin, but despite Frederick's initial suggestion that he might "send a commission to assist the Templer Society", he was reported to have told Wilhelm, "it is unthinkable that I should identify myself with these people". Despite this setback Hoffmann wrote, "we have not given up hope for

2970-421: Was rebuilt by 10 metres shorter. The British headquarters moved to Armon HaNetziv , on the outskirts of Talpiot . In 1928 the compound was returned to its German pre-war owner, the Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Foundation. The Nazi party held meetings and assemblies at Augusta Victoria under the leadership of Ludwig Buchhalter, a Templer living in the Germany Colony who was appointed head of Jerusalem branch of

3025-422: Was used first and foremost as a hospital, either by the military (during the First and Second World Wars and during Jordanian rule), or for Palestinian refugees and general public (from 1950 until today), and at times also as a government or military headquarters (1915–1927). Today, Augusta Victoria Hospital provides specialty care for Palestinians from across the West Bank and the Gaza Strip with services including

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