Austin McGiffert Wright (1922 – April 23, 2003) was an American novelist , literary critic and professor emeritus of English at the University of Cincinnati .
90-610: Wright was born in Yonkers, New York . He grew up in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York , the son of the geographer John Kirtland Wright and Katharine McGiffert Wright, and namesake of his uncle, Austin Tappan Wright , writer of the utopian novel, Islandia . His paternal grandparents were classical scholar John Henry Wright and novelist Mary Tappan Wright . He graduated from Harvard University in 1943. He served in
180-433: A the háza his-house Péternek a háza of-Peter the his-house Possessive determiners are used in combination with a noun, playing the role of a determiner or attributive adjective . In English and some other languages, the use of such a word implies the definite article . For example, my car implies the car that belongs to me or is used by me ; it is not correct to precede possessives with an article (*
270-517: A Bee-line Bus route. Nepperhan Avenue in Nepera Park is a shopping district in the area. Residents of southeast Yonkers are primarily Irish- and Italian-American. A number of recent immigrants from Ireland live in the area. Its architecture more closely resembles that of parts of the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island than of points north. Southeast Yonkers is within walking distance of
360-807: A case ending (see below , and further at English possessive ). In languages that have a genitive case, the genitive form of a noun may sometimes be used as a possessive (as in German Karls Haus "Karl's house"). Languages such as Japanese and Chinese form possessive constructions with nouns using possessive particles, in the same way as described for pronouns above. An example from Japanese is: neko cat no PTCL iro color neko no iro cat PTCL color "the cat's color" In other languages, noun possessives must be formed periphrastically , as in French la plume de ma tante ("my aunt's pen", literally "the pen of my aunt"). In Hungarian ,
450-580: A June 1954 labor dispute. In 1983, the Otis Elevator factory closed. A Kawasaki railcar-assembly plant opened in 1986 in the former Otis plant. With the loss of manufacturing jobs, Yonkers became a commuter town . Some neighborhoods, such as Crestwood and Park Hill , became popular with wealthy New Yorkers who wanted to live outside Manhattan without giving up urban conveniences. Yonkers' transportation infrastructure, which included three commuter railroad lines and five parkways and thruways, made it
540-503: A city in 1872. In 1873, the southern Town of Yonkers (outside the City of Yonkers) became the Town of Kingsbridge; this included Woodlawn Cemetery and the present-day neighborhoods of Kingsbridge , Riverdale , and Woodlawn Heights . The Town of Kingsbridge was annexed by New York City the following year as part of the Bronx. In 1898, Yonkers, Brooklyn , Queens , and Staten Island voted on
630-430: A desirable city in which to live. A 15-minute drive from Manhattan, it has a number of prewar homes and apartment buildings. Yonkers' manufacturing sector has also revived during the early 21st century. In 2024, Kawasaki rail reached a milestone with its 5,000th railway car. In 1960, the population of Yonkers was 95.8 percent white and four percent Black. The city developed a national reputation for racial tension during
720-443: A mixture of architectural styles which include dense clusters of apartment buildings, blocks of stores with apartments above, multifamily row houses , and detached single-family homes . The Ludlow Park, Hudson Park, and Van Cortlandt Crest neighborhoods have a larger number of detached houses. Southwest Yonkers, traditionally home to African American and white residents, has seen an influx of immigrants from Mexico, Central America,
810-521: A planned $ 500 million expansion would make it the largest such facility in the Northeast. Yonkers covers an area of 20.3 square miles (53 km ), including 18.1 square miles (47 km ) of land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km ) of water. On the east, the Bronx River separates Yonkers from Mount Vernon , Tuckahoe , Eastchester , Bronxville , and Scarsdale . The town of Greenburgh
900-412: A president. The mayor and city-council president are elected in a citywide vote. The mayor is Democrat Mike Spano , and the council president is Lakisha Collins-Bellamy. Possessive A possessive or ktetic form ( abbreviated POS or POSS ; from Latin : possessivus ; Ancient Greek : κτητικός , romanized : ktētikós ) is a word or grammatical construction indicating
990-466: A referendum to determine if they wanted to become part of New York City. Although the referendum passed elsewhere, Yonkers and neighboring Mount Vernon were not included in the consolidated city and remained independent. Some residents call Yonkers "the sixth borough " because of its location on the New York City border, its urban character, and the merger referendum. A 1942 subway connection
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#17327977559011080-600: A relationship of possession in a broad sense. This can include strict ownership , or a number of other types of relation to a greater or lesser degree analogous to it. Most European languages feature possessive forms associated with personal pronouns , like the English my , mine , your , yours , his and so on. There are two main ways in which these can be used (and a variety of terminologies for each): Some languages, including English, also have possessive forms derived from nouns or nominal phrases , such as Jane's ,
1170-531: A result. Wasicsko's story, subject of the 2015 miniseries Show Me a Hero , was adapted from a 1999 nonfiction book of the same name by Lisa Belkin . The 2007 documentary Brick by Brick: A Civil Rights Story also covers racial discrimination and housing segregation in Yonkers. As a result of the federal lawsuit, Yonkers' public-school enrollment dropped from 54 percent of the city's eligible population to under 30 percent as thousands of white families left
1260-490: A ruling by federal judge Leonard B. Sand , Yonkers engaged in institutional segregation in housing and educational policies for more than 40 years. He connected the city's opposition to ending racial segregation from its public schools to the unlawful concentration of public housing and discrimination in private housing. Yonkers gained national and international attention during the summer of 1988, when it backed out of its previous agreement to build municipal public housing in
1350-753: A safety elevator in 1853, and the Otis Elevator Company opened the world's first elevator factory on the Hudson near present-day Vark Street. The company moved to larger quarters during the 1880s, which later became the Yonkers Public Library . Around that time, the Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company in the Saw Mill River Valley expanded to 45 buildings, 800 looms, and more than 4,000 workers. It
1440-457: A similar way, as in háza ("his/her house"), formed from ház ("house"). In Hungarian this affix can also be used when the possessor is represented by a full noun, as described in the next section. Pronouns other than personal pronouns, if they have possessive forms, are likely to form them in a similar way to nouns (see below). In English, for example, possessive forms derived from other pronouns include one's , somebody's and nobody's . There
1530-442: Is a primarily Irish-American and Italian-American area. House sizes vary, from small houses set close together to larger homes in neighborhoods such as Lawrence Park West and mid-rise apartment buildings along Central Avenue ( NY 100 ). Central Avenue (officially Central Park Avenue) is a shopping area. Notable former residents include Steven Tyler of Aerosmith , whose childhood home was at 100 Pembrook Drive. The area contains
1620-818: Is a retail hub for the city and the northwest Bronx. Major shopping areas are in Getty Square on South Broadway, at the Cross County Shopping Center and the Ridge Hill Mall , and along Central Park Avenue . The city has a number of attractions, including Tibbetts Brook Park , Untermyer Park and Gardens , the Hudson River Museum , the Saw Mill River , the Science Barge , Sherwood House , and access to
1710-505: Is a small Jewish cemetery. Two former Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company loft buildings (at 540 and 578 Nepperhan Avenue) have been repurposed to house the YoHo Artist Community , which has private studios there. Yonkers Raceway, a harness racing track, renovated its grounds and clubhouse and added video slot machines in 2006 to become Yonkers Raceway & Empire City Casino . MGM Resorts International bought
1800-529: Is also home to the Ridge Hill Mall shopping center, which contains a Legoland Discovery Center Westchester , the first Legoland Discovery Center to open in the Northeast area of the United States. Northeast Yonkers is somewhat more expensive than the rest of the city and, due to the proximity of several Metro-North commuter railroad stations, its residents generally work for Manhattan corporations. Northwest Yonkers neighborhoods vary, spanning from
1890-414: Is an 18-story building on the site of the original old mill. New proposals and current projects are intended to revitalize downtown Yonkers. Phillipse Manor Hall was the site of the first Yonkers Village Hall and City Hall from 1868 to c. 1906 . Yonkers is governed by a strong mayor–council system. The Yonkers City Council has seven members: six, elected from each of the six districts, and
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#17327977559011980-598: Is considered a City of Seven Hills: Park, Nodine, Ridge, Cross, Locust, Glen, and Church Hills. Much of the city developed around the Saw Mill River , which enters Yonkers from the north and flows into the Hudson River at Getty Square . Portions of the river had been buried in flumes under parking lots, but have been uncovered ( daylighted ). Daylighting promotes the restoration of habitat for plants, fish, and other fauna, and helps develop an understanding of where Native Americans camped in spring and summer. Yonkers
2070-467: Is done using the ending -'s , as in Jane's , heaven's , the boy's , those young men's , or sometimes just an apostrophe, as in workers', Jesus', the soldiers'. Note that the ending can be added at the end of a noun phrase even when the phrase does not end with its head noun, as in the king of England's ; this property inclines many linguists towards the view that the ending is a clitic rather than
2160-519: Is generally limited to such adverbs as more , less , or as much ... as ( comparative ) or mostly ( superlative ), for example in This is more my team than your team and This is mostly my team . Substantive possessive pronouns are used on their own and cannot be used to describe a noun, playing the role of noun phrases , so mine may stand for "my cat", "my sister", "my things", etc. In some languages these may require articles or other determiners, as
2250-575: Is however a distinct form whose for the possessive of the interrogative and relative pronoun who ; other languages may have similarly functioning words, such as the Russian чей chey ("whose?"). Another possessive found in Russian and other Slavic languages is the reflexive possessive, corresponding to the general reflexive pronoun ; the Russian form is свой svoj (meaning "one's (own)", "my (own)", etc.). In some languages, possessives can be formed from nouns or nominal phrases . In English, this
2340-448: Is not the same as the possessive form " dogs' pack" (though it is the same as "dog pack", which is not possessive). The personal pronouns of many languages correspond to both a set of possessive determiners and a set of possessive pronouns . For example, the English personal pronouns I , you , he , she , it , we and they correspond to the possessive determiners my , your , his , her , its , our and their and also to
2430-534: Is on the north, and the Hudson River forms the western border. Yonkers borders the Riverdale , Woodlawn , and Wakefield sections of The Bronx from the south. The city is spread over hills rising from near sea level on the east bank of the Hudson River to 416 feet (127 m) above sea level at Sacred Heart Church, whose spire can be seen from Long Island , New York City , and New Jersey . Yonkers
2520-421: Is something other than the default the implied in the usual possessive determiner. The terminology used for possessive words and phrases is not consistent among all grammarians and linguists . What some authors refer to as possessives , others may call genitives , and vice versa. Nowadays, however, the term genitive is most commonly used in relation to languages with a developed case system (in which
2610-576: Is the third-most populous city in New York State . In the 2018 American Community Survey , 34.8 percent of Yonkers residents spoke Spanish and 4.2 percent of the population was West Indian . Yonkers has a sizeable Arab population, mainly from the Levant (especially Jordanians and Palestinians ). There is also a sizeable Albanian population in the city. In the 2010 census, there were 195,976 people in Yonkers and its population density
2700-647: Is the possessive particle. Similarly in Mandarin Chinese , "my" or "mine" is wǒ de , where wǒ means "I" and de is the possessive particle. An alternative to the pronominal possessive determiner, found in some languages, including Finnish and Hungarian , is the possessive affix , usually a suffix, attached to the noun denoting the thing possessed. For example, in Finnish the suffix -ni means "my", producing forms such as taloni ("my house"), from talo ("house"). Hungarian possessive suffixes are used in
2790-433: The cows' and nobody else's . These can be used in the same two ways as the pronoun-derived forms: Jane's office or that one is Jane's . Possessives are sometimes regarded as a grammatical case (the possessive case ), although they are also sometimes considered to represent the genitive case , or are not assigned to any case, depending on which language is being considered. On the other hand, some languages, such as
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2880-624: The 27th Division or the 77th Division . One hundred thirty-seven city residents were killed during the war. In the 1918 sinking of the USS President Lincoln , seventeen sailors from Yonkers survived. Civilians helped the war effort by joining organizations such as the American Red Cross . The Yonkers chapter of the Red Cross had 126 members in 1916; by the end of the war, 15,358 Yonkers residents belonged to
2970-575: The Bronx River . Adriaen van der Donck (d. 1655) built a saw mill near the confluence of Nepperhan Creek and the Hudson River. Near the site of Van der Donck's mill is the Philipse Manor Hall State Historic Site , a manor house owned by Dutch colonists . The historic house museum is also an archive. The original structure was built by white workers and enslaved people for Frederick Philipse and his wife, Margaret Hardenbroeck de Vries, around 1682. Philipse
3060-615: The Cariban languages , can be said to have a possessed case , used to indicate the other party (the thing possessed) in a possession relationship. A similar feature found in some languages is the possessive affix , usually a suffix, added to the (possessed) noun to indicate the possessor, as in the Finnish taloni ("my house"), where talo means "house" and the suffix -ni means "my". The concepts of possessive forms and genitive forms are sometimes conflated, although they are not exactly
3150-492: The Hudson River . Yonkers is also known as the City of Seven Hills: Park , Nodine, Ridge, Cross, Locust, Glen, and Church Hills. The city has continued to experience significant gentrification since the inception of the 21st century. The area was granted to Adriaen van der Donck , the patroon of Colendonck , in July 1645. Van der Donck was known locally as Jonkheer ('young gentleman'), an honorific title derived from
3240-506: The Hudson River Museum , the Lenoir Nature Preserve, and Untermyer Park and Gardens . The two-block section of Palisade Avenue between Chase and Roberts Avenues in northwest Yonkers is colloquially known as "the north end" or "the end". The only retail area in northwest Yonkers, it was known for its soda fountain , Urich's Stationery, and Robbins Pharmacy. It was the end of a trolley line that has since been replaced by
3330-686: The New York and Putnam Railroad and the Third Avenue Railway trolley lines; these buildings are now served by the Bee-Line Bus System . The railroad companies built neighborhoods of mixed housing which ranged from apartment buildings to large mansions in areas such as Park Hill , where a funicular accessed the train station in the valley. Off South Broadway and Yonkers Avenue are residential neighborhoods such as Lowerre, Nodine Hill, Park Hill , and Hudson Park. They have
3420-546: The New York metropolitan area , Yonkers had a population of 211,569 at the 2020 United States census . Yonkers is classified as an inner suburb of New York City , immediately north of the Bronx and approximately 2.4 miles (4 km) north of Marble Hill (the northernmost point in Manhattan ). Downtown Yonkers is centered around Getty Square , where the municipal government is located. The downtown area, which also houses local businesses and nonprofit organizations ,
3510-665: The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development about further construction of low-income housing in west Yonkers, it continued to support subsidized housing in this area between 1972 and 1977. In 1980, the NAACP and the federal government filed suit against the city of Yonkers and its board of education in United States v. Yonkers . After a 1985 decision and an unsuccessful appeal, Yonkers' schools were integrated three years later. According to
3600-585: The Woodlawn and Wakefield neighborhoods of the Bronx. Eastern McLean Avenue, home to an Irish community shared with Woodlawn, is considered the hub of Yonkers by some. A portion of Midland Avenue in the Dunwoodie neighborhood has been called the city's Little Italy . Southeast Yonkers landmarks include the Cross County Shopping Center , Yonkers Raceway and St. Joseph's Seminary in Dunwoodie, which
3690-744: The Yonkers City Council approved the US Post Office on Main Street for local-landmark status after its 1989 listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. On September 29, 2023 , a state of emergency was declared in the city after flash flooding affected most of the Hudson Valley and New York City . Most area parkways were closed and flooding was also reported in neighboring Mount Vernon . After
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3780-459: The "genitive case" often has a wider range of functions than merely forming possessives), while in languages like English, such words are usually called possessives rather than genitives. A given language may have distinct genitive and possessive forms, as in the example of Russian given above. (The English possessive in -'s is sometimes called the Saxon genitive ; this alludes to its derivation from
3870-540: The "possessed", or both. In French (and most other Romance languages ) the third-person singular possessives do not indicate the gender of the possessor, instead they agree with the possessed ( son , sa and ses can all mean "his", "her" or "its"). In Spanish the number is always indicated but the gender is only indicated for possessive pronouns, not possessive determiners; mi padre, mi madre, mis hermanos, mis hermanas (my father, my mother, my brothers, my sisters), but mío, mía, míos, mías when used as "mine" to refer to
3960-629: The (substantive) possessive pronouns mine , yours , his , hers , its (rare), ours and theirs . In some instances there is no difference in form between the determiner and the pronoun; examples include the English his (and its ), and informal Finnish meidän (meaning either "our" or "ours"). In some languages, possessive determiners are subject to agreement with the noun they modify and possessive pronouns may be subject to agreement with their antecedent , in gender , number and case . For example, French has mon , ma , mes , respectively
4050-625: The 15th NY National Guard. During the New York City draft riots , Yonkers formed the Home Guards. The guards were a force of constables formed to protect Yonkers from rioting which was feared to spread from New York City (it did not). Seventeen Yonkers residents were killed during the Civil War. During World War I , 6,909 Yonkers residents (about seven percent of the city's population) entered military service. Most Yonkers men joined
4140-479: The 1854 Smith-Collins House was included in a 1983 article in The New York Times . The house was demolished in 2007, and former city-council president Chuck Lesnick called for legislation which would make the demolition of a 75-year-old landmark in the city subject to the landmark-review process. Neighborhoods include Nepera Park, Runyon Heights , Homefield, Glenwood, and Greystone. Landmarks include
4230-484: The 1980s and 1990s, based on a long-term battle between the city and the NAACP over the construction of subsidized, low-income housing projects . Yonkers planned to use federal funding for urban renewal exclusively downtown; other groups, led by the NAACP, believed that the resulting concentration of low-income housing in traditionally-poor neighborhoods would perpetuate poverty. Although the city had been warned in 1971 by
4320-440: The 1980s struggle against segregation. According to critics, the development would bring homelessness and gentrification to the area. Downtown gentrification has raised concerns that poorer residents might be forced out of the city. A Yonkers Arts Gallery painting, But It's Ours: The Redline Between Poverty and Wealth by Shanequa Benitez, illustrates the effects of gentrification on Yonkers. In an effort to combat redlining ,
4410-891: The Army (1943–1946). He graduated from the University of Chicago , with a master's degree in 1948, and a Ph.D. in 1959. He married Sara Hull Wright, in 1950. They had three children: Joanna Wright (died 2000), Katharine Wright of Berkeley, CA , and Margaret Wright, and two granddaughters, Madeline Giscombe and Elizabeth Perkins. Austin Wright was a professor in the English Department at the University of Cincinnati for almost forty years. Wright died in 2003 in Cincinnati . When he died, he had realized certain proceeds from
4500-699: The Caribbean, South Asia, and the Middle East. Many residents are of African, Caribbean, Italian, Polish, or Mexican descent. Some neighborhoods on the Riverdale border contain an increasing number of Orthodox Jews. The area is home to historical and educational institutions which include Philipse Manor Hall , the Science Barge , the Beczak Environmental Education Center, and a 2003 Yonkers Public Library building. The revitalization of Getty Square has helped facilitate
4590-521: The Dutch jonk ('young') and heer ('lord'). The title, similar to " esquire ", is linguistically comparable to the German Junker . Jonkheer was shortened to Jonker ( possessive Jonkers ), from which the name Yonkers derives. The city's residents are known as Yonkersonians, Yonkersites, Yonkers, or Yonks. The indigenous Native American village of Nappeckamack
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#17327977559014680-417: The French le mien etc. In English, the -'s possessives formed from nouns or noun phrases can be used in the same way; the president's may stand for "the president's office", "the president's policies", etc., as determined by the context. A related use is that of the predicative expression , as in sentences like the book is mine . Here mine may be considered to be a predicate adjective (like red in
4770-669: The Hudson River to the New York State Thruway ( I-87 ) and from Ashburton Avenue north to the Hastings-on-Hudson border. With the Hudson River bordering it on the west, northwest Yonkers has many Victorian-era homes with panoramic views of the Palisades . The Victorian architecture and number of 19th-century estates in northwest Yonkers has attracted filmmakers. An interest in historic preservation has developed, demonstrated on streets such as Shonnard Terrace, Delavan Terrace , and Hudson Terrace. On Delavan Terrace,
4860-475: The NAACP's lawyer during the case, blamed Sand for failing to allocate federal funds to help relieve the cost of integration. Areas of Yonkers which bordered similar neighborhoods in Riverdale began seeing an influx of Orthodox Jews during the 2000s, and the Riverdale Hatzalah volunteer ambulance service began serving neighborhoods in the southwest part of the city. The Sherwood Park Cemetery
4950-441: The Otis Elevator factory. Increased competition from less-expensive imports resulted in a decline in manufacturing in Yonkers after the war, and a number of industrial jobs were lost. Yonkers was originally a small farming town which produced peaches, apples, potatoes, oats, wheat, and other agricultural goods to be shipped to New York City along the Hudson River . Water power created manufacturing jobs. Elisha Otis invented
5040-550: The Philipse family. Yonkers has undergone several changes to neighborhoods in an effort to revitalize the city, which has included gentrification . Changes were made to its waterfront, which included revitalizing its green space. Residents of the western area of downtown Yonkers opposed the Pierpointe, a condominium-complex development proposal that would build over 1,900 condominiums (including six 38-story towers), during
5130-613: The affluent neighborhoods of Crestwood , Colonial Heights, and Cedar Knolls, and the wealthy enclaves of Beech Hill and Lawrence Park West. It includes a gated community off the eastern Grassy Sprain Reservoir, known as Winchester Villages . Notable places include St. Vladimir's Seminary , Sarah Lawrence College , and the Tanglewood Shopping Center, former home of the Tanglewood Boys gang. The area
5220-410: The book is red ) rather than a pronoun; in English, however, the same possessive form is used. Other languages may use differing forms; for example French may use ...est à moi for "...is mine". A particular use of possessive pronouns and noun forms in English is that illustrated in phrases like a friend of mine and that coat of Fred's , used to form possessive expressions when the desired determiner
5310-498: The chapter. Mostly women, they prepared surgical dressings, created hospital garments for the wounded, and knit articles of clothing for refugees and soldiers. In addition to joining the Red Cross, Yonkers residents donated $ 19,255,255 to a number of war drives. The city's factories were converted to produce items for World War II , such as tents and blankets from the Alexander Smith and Sons carpet factory and tanks from
5400-478: The city announced the Yonkers Greenway: a $ 14 million rail trail along former railways such as the New York and Putnam Railroad . The 3.1-mile (5.0 km) greenway will run from Van Cortlandt Park to Getty Square. Construction, expected to begin in spring 2024, is planned to be completed in 2026. The Village of Yonkers was incorporated in the western Town of Yonkers in 1854, and incorporated as
5490-461: The city for its suburbs or enrolled their children in private schools; this effectively gutted the city's middle class and tax base. The school district's estimated cost of integration was over $ 262 million. Forced to cut programs, Yonkers schools fell steeply in national rankings as test scores sharply declined. By 1995, The New York Times called the city's desegregation effort "a profound disappointment to blacks and whites alike". Michael Sussmann,
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#17327977559015580-429: The construction Mária háza is used ("Maria's house", literally "Maria her house", where the final -a in háza is the possessive suffix meaning "her"). The possessor noun can carry an additional dative marker, in which case an article appears before the noun. For example, "Peter's house" may be translated either as: Péter Peter háza his-house Péter háza Peter his-house Péternek of-Peter
5670-469: The eastern parts of the city (an agreement it had made in a consent decree after losing its appeal in 1987). After its reversal, the city was found in contempt of the federal courts. Sand imposed a fine on Yonkers which began at $ 100 and doubled every day, capped at $ 1 million per day by an appeals court, until the city capitulated to the federally-mandated plan. The city remained in contempt of court until September 9, 1988, when its city council relented as
5760-411: The financial impact threatened to close a library and reduce sanitation. The city also considered massive layoffs , which would have adversely affected its ability to provide services to the upper classes it was trying to retain. Nicholas C. Wasicsko , Yonkers' youngest mayor (elected at age 28), struggled in city politics. He helped end the city's contempt-of-court ruling, but was voted out of office as
5850-469: The first completely-synthetic plastic, was invented c. 1907 in Yonkers by Leo Baekeland and was manufactured there until the late 1920s. During the early 20th century, Yonkers hosted the Brass-Era automaker Colt Runabout . Although the vehicle reportedly ran well, the company went out of business. Yonkers was the headquarters of hat manufacturer Waring Hat Company, which was the largest in
5940-458: The flooding, crews pumped water out of Yonkers homes. The city has been used as a location for films and television series, and the City Hall courtroom is used for film scenes and commercials. The city along with neighboring Mount Vernon saw an increase in revenue grow from 2016. Catch Me If You Can (2002) and Mona Lisa Smile (2003) were partially filmed in the city. Yonkers is
6030-452: The gender (and number and case) of the thing possessed. In languages that have a genitive case , the possessive forms corresponding to pronouns may or may not resemble the genitive of those pronouns. For example, in Russian , the genitive of я ja "I" is меня menya ("of me"), whereas the corresponding possessive is мой moy ("my, mine", in masculine singular nominative form). In German
6120-495: The genitive case that existed in Old English . It may also be called the prenominal genitive ; this also applies to analogous forms in languages such as German.) Words like the English my and your have traditionally been called possessive adjectives . However, modern linguists note that they behave more like determiners rather than true adjectives (see examples in the § Syntax section above), and thus prefer
6210-436: The growth of southwest Yonkers. During the early 21st century, several luxury apartment buildings were built along the Hudson River. A Victorian-era pier was renovated, and a new public library was housed in the remodeled Otis Elevator factory. Peter X. Kelly 's restaurant, X20 Xaviar's on the Hudson, is on the renovated pier. In 2020, several more rental buildings were placed at the river's edge on Alexander Street. Sawyer Place
6300-415: The masculine singular, feminine singular and plural forms corresponding to the English possessive determiner my , as well as the forms le mien , la mienne , les mien(ne)s corresponding to English possessive pronoun mine . Since personal pronouns may also agree in number and gender with their own antecedent or referent , the possessive forms may consequently show agreement with either the "possessor" or
6390-576: The my car ) or other definite determiner such as a demonstrative (* this my car ), although they can combine with quantifiers in the same ways that the can ( all my cars , my three cars , etc.; see English determiners ). This is not the case in all languages; for example in Italian the possessive is usually preceded by another determiner such as an article, as in la mia macchina ("my car", literally "the my car") or quel tuo libro ("that book of yours", literally "that your book"). Some languages place
6480-559: The nation when it opened. On January 4, 1940, Yonkers resident Edwin Howard Armstrong transmitted the first FM radio broadcast on the W2XCR station from the Yonkers home of co-experimenter C. R. Runyon. Yonkers had the longest-running pirate radio station, which was owned by Allan Weiner and operated during the 1970s and 1980s. The Alexander Smith Carpet Company, one of the city's largest employers, ceased operations during
6570-606: The non-Hispanic population decreased to 33 percent from 41.4 percent in 2010. The Hispanic and Latino population increased to 40 percent, and the Asian population increased to 5.9%. The city reported a decrease in its white population from 55.8 to 46.3 percent. Yonkers includes several small residential enclaves and communities which form four quarters, demarcated by the Saw Mill River . There are at least 38 neighborhoods, but many of their original names are rarely used except by older residents and real-estate brokers. Northeast Yonkers
6660-467: The population. Non-Hispanic whites were 41.4 percent of the population in 2010, down from 89.9 percent in 1970. Data from the 2020 census indicated that Yonkers' population grew by eight percent from 2010 to 2020, an increase from 195,976 to 211,569. Yonkers surpassed Rochester as the third-most populous city in New York, behind New York City and Buffalo . The Hispanic population increased, as
6750-523: The possessive after the noun, as in Norwegian boka mi ("my book"). Here again the equivalent of the definite article – in this case the definite ending -a on the noun bok – is used in addition to the possessive. However, the forms min bok or mi bok , where the noun bok is in the indefinite form, are equally correct. Possessive determiners may be modified with an adverb , as adjectives are, although not as freely or as commonly. Such modification
6840-560: The previous. This contrasts with standard Dutch and English, where the form of the possessives ( zijn , haar; his , her , its ) indicates the grammatical or natural gender of the possessor, but does not depend on properties of the possessed. Additionally, German and several Dutch dialects additionally inflect their possessives, thus giving agreement with both possessor and possessed; German has sein and ihr meaning "his" and "her" respectively, but these inflect to give (for example) feminine forms like seine and ihre , depending on
6930-631: The raceway and casino in 2018 for $ 850 million. During the COVID-19 pandemic , the city opened several test sites at the ParkCare Pavilion of St. John's Riverside Hospital (considered a COVID-19 hotspot). The test site was operated by the New York State Department of Health during the pandemic. More test sites opened in the city as students prepared to return to school for in-person instruction. In February 2023,
7020-516: The sale of movie rights to his book Tony and Susan , but he had no reason to believe that a film would actually be made. Tony and Susan was re-issued, and became a major film, Nocturnal Animals (2016). Yonkers, New York Yonkers ( / ˈ j ɒ ŋ k ər z / ) is the third-most populous city in the U.S. state of New York and the most-populous city in Westchester County . A centrally located municipality within
7110-424: The same. The genitive form, which does not exist in modern English as a productive inflection outside of pronouns ( see below ), represents an of relationship, which may or may not be possessive; in other words, the possessive is a subset of genitive. For example, the genitive construction "speed of the car " is equivalent to the possessive form " the car's speed". However, the genitive construction "pack of dogs "
7200-542: The setting of two feature films by local filmmaker Robert Celestino : Mr. Vincent (1997) and Yonkers Joe (2008). The city is the setting for the 2005 film A Tale of Two Pizzas , and Tyler, the Creator released " Yonkers " in 2011. Neil Simon 's play, Lost in Yonkers , and its film version are set in the city. A new Lionsgate Studios facility hosts the Spanish multimedia communications group Mediapro , and
7290-627: The term possessive determiner . In some other languages, however, the equivalent words behave more like true adjectives (compare the Italian example above, for instance). While for most authors the term possessive pronoun is reserved (as in this article) for possessives like mine and yours that do not qualify an explicit noun, the term is sometimes taken also to include all possessive forms that correspond to pronouns even though they behave as determiners. Some authors who classify both sets of words as possessive pronouns or genitive pronouns apply
7380-459: The terms dependent/independent, weak/strong or adjectival/substantival to refer, respectively, to my , your , etc. and mine , yours , etc. Thus my is termed a dependent (or weak or adjectival ) possessive pronoun , while mine is an independent (or strong or substantival ) possessive pronoun . According to the OED , the first reference to possessive pronouns is found in 1530;
7470-488: The tower spilled, causing flooding in the area that crushed cars and damaged homes. Construction of a new tower began in 1938, and it became operational the following year. During the American Civil War , 254 Yonkers residents joined the U.S. Army and Navy . They enlisted primarily in four regiments: the 6th New York Heavy Artillery , the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry , the 17th New York Volunteers , and
7560-597: The two sets of forms are quite similar (for example, the genitive of ich "I" is meiner , the corresponding possessive pronoun is also meiner in the masculine singular nominative, and the possessive determiner is mein with various endings). Some languages have no distinct possessive determiners as such, instead using a pronoun together with a possessive particle – a grammatical particle used to indicate possession. For example, in Japanese , "my" or "mine" can be expressed as watashi no , where watashi means "I" and no
7650-476: Was 10,827.4 people per square mile (4,180.5 people/km ). There were 80,839 housing units, with an average density of 4,466.2 per square mile (1,724.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 55.8 percent white , 18.7 percent African American , 0.7 percent Native American , 5.9 percent Asian , 0.1 percent Pacific Islander , 14.7 percent from other races, and 4.1 percent from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any racial background were 34.7 percent of
7740-594: Was a wealthy Dutchman who, at his death, had amassed an estate which included present-day Yonkers and several other Hudson River towns. Philipse's great-grandson, Frederick Philipse III, was a prominent loyalist during the American Revolution who had economic and political ties to English businesspeople. Because of his political leanings, he fled to England. American colonists in New York State confiscated and sold all lands and property belonging to
7830-621: Was known as one of the world's premier carpet-producing centers. In addition to manufacturing, Yonkers played a key role in the development of recreational sports in the United States. Scottish-born John Reid founded Saint Andrew's Golf Club in the city in 1888; it was the first golf course in the United States. That year, the New York City and Northern Railway Company (later the New York Central Railroad ) connected Yonkers to Manhattan and points north. A three-mile spur to Getty Square operated until 1943. Bakelite ,
7920-512: Was located near the Neperah stream (now the Saw Mill River , also known as Nepperhan Creek), which flowed into the Shatemuck ( Hudson River ). The land on which the city is built was once part of Colen Donck , a 24,000-acre (97-square-kilometer) Dutch land grant . It ran 12 miles (19 km) north from the present-day Manhattan –Bronx border at Marble Hill, and from the Hudson River east to
8010-641: Was planned between Getty Square and the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line , which terminates in Riverdale at 242nd Street (slightly south of the city line). The plan was dropped. In 1937, a 175-foot (53 m) water tower collapsed in the Nodine Hills area; nine people were initially injured. The injury total increased by three after the collapse, bringing the number to 12. About 100,000 U.S. gallons (380,000 L) of water from
8100-525: Was visited by Pope John Paul II in October 1995 and by Pope Benedict XVI in April 2008. Getty Square is Yonkers' downtown and its civic center and central business district . Much of southwest Yonkers grew along the railroad and trolley (now bus) lines along South Broadway and in Getty Square which run to New York City. Clusters of apartment buildings surrounded the stations of the Yonkers branch of
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