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55-666: Avio S.p.A. is an Italian company operating in the aerospace sector with its head office in Colleferro near Rome , Italy . Founded in 1908, it is present in Italy and abroad with different commercial offices and 10 production sites. Avio operates in: Avio is Prime Contractor for the new European launcher Vega and sub-contractor for the Ariane program, both financed by the European Space Agency (ESA). The company

110-461: A company under Luxembourg law that was mainly owned by funds traceable to the British company Cinven Limited (85%) and a company belonging to Leonardo S.p.A. (15%). In December 2012, it was announced that an agreement had been signed for the acquisition by General Electric of the aeronautical division of Avio Spa. The purchase was finalized on 1 August 2013 for a cost of €3.3 billion and determined

165-490: A consortium formed by the US fund The Carlyle Group (70%), and Finmeccanica S.p.A. (30%), which beat off competition from French company Snecma. Fiat Avio was valued at the timea at €1.5 billion, and changed its name to Avio S.p.A. In August 2006, the British fund Cinven announced the acquisition of Avio S.p.A. from Carlyle for a total value of €2.57 billion. Avio S.p.A. was then held by the sole shareholder BCV Investments S.C.A.,

220-680: A more serious scientific discipline. Airmen like Otto Lilienthal , who introduced cambered airfoils in 1891, used gliders to analyze aerodynamic forces . The Wright brothers were interested in Lilienthal's work and read several of his publications. They also found inspiration in Octave Chanute , an airman and the author of Progress in Flying Machines (1894). It was the preliminary work of Cayley, Lilienthal, Chanute, and other early aerospace engineers that brought about

275-537: A part of the general safety of a system or a piece of equipment. It implies that the system or equipment can be operated properly and without causing any danger, risk, damage or injury. Functional safety is crucial in the aerospace industry, which allows no compromises or negligence. In this respect, supervisory bodies, such as the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), regulate the aerospace market with strict certification standards. This

330-451: A part. This certification guarantees that a part was repaired or overhauled to meet OEM specifications. Once a part is overhauled its value is determined from the supply and demand of the aerospace market. When an airline has an aircraft on the ground , the part that the airline requires to get the plane back into service becomes invaluable. This can drive the market for specific parts. There are several online marketplaces that assist with

385-400: A total of about 1000 employees. Main sectors of activities are: Aerospace The beginning of space and the ending of the air are proposed as 100km (62mi) above the ground according to the physical explanation that the air density is too low for a lifting body to generate meaningful lift force without exceeding orbital velocity. In most industrial countries, the aerospace industry

440-425: A variety of different fields including medicine, transportation, energy, consumer goods, public safety and more. NASA publishes an annual report called "Spinoffs", regarding many of the specific products and benefits to the aforementioned areas in an effort to highlight some of the ways funding is put to use. For example, in the most recent edition of this publication, "Spinoffs 2015", endoscopes are featured as one of

495-1594: Is a cooperation of the public and private sectors. For example, several states have a civilian space program funded by the government , such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the United States, European Space Agency in Europe, the Canadian Space Agency in Canada, Indian Space Research Organisation in India, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in Japan, Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities in Russia, China National Space Administration in China, SUPARCO in Pakistan, Iranian Space Agency in Iran, and Korea Aerospace Research Institute in South Korea. Along with these public space programs, many companies produce technical tools and components such as spacecraft and satellites . Some known companies involved in space programs include Boeing , Cobham , Airbus , SpaceX , Lockheed Martin , RTX Corporation , MDA and Northrop Grumman . These companies are also involved in other areas of aerospace, such as

550-439: Is active in the field of technological research. It carries out projects in collaboration with 14 Italian and 10 foreign universities and research centres, which are aimed at the continuous improvement of product and process technologies. It also undertakes the research of solutions in order to reduce the environmental impact of aircraft engines, in conformity with the objectives of consumption and emissions reduction dictated, within

605-619: Is meant to reach and ensure the highest possible level of safety. The standards AS 9100 in America, EN 9100 on the European market or JISQ 9100 in Asia particularly address the aerospace and aviation industry. These are standards applying to the functional safety of aerospace vehicles. Some companies are therefore specialized in the certification, inspection verification and testing of the vehicles and spare parts to ensure and attest compliance with

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660-764: The National Aerospace Laboratories and the Indian Space Research Organisation are headquartered. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched India's first Moon orbiter, Chandrayaan-1 , in October 2008. In Russia, large aerospace companies like Oboronprom and the United Aircraft Building Corporation (encompassing Mikoyan , Sukhoi , Ilyushin , Tupolev , Yakovlev , and Irkut which includes Beriev ) are among

715-463: The 1930s, a strategy of diversification, which derived from engines produced for ships and submarines, led Avio entering the field of railway diesel engines, while the first engines for the production of electric energy for industrial use had been experimented with in the early post-war period. The development of a gas turbine was started up through a collaboration agreement stipulated with Westinghouse in 1954. Avio's experience in this field, combined with

770-604: The ESA Ministerial Conference in 2014, and sees Avio in the role of Co-Prime Contractor together with Thales Alenia Space. Avio will participate in the ESA's HERA mission, which foresees the study of an asteroid with the ultimate goal of developing a space defence system against possible future asteroid impacts on the Earth's surface. On April 1, 2017, Avio officially carried out the merger with Space2 and obtained

825-481: The European Union, aerospace companies such as Airbus SE , Safran , Thales , Dassault Aviation , Leonardo and Saab AB account for a large share of the global aerospace industry and research effort, with the European Space Agency as one of the largest consumers of aerospace technology and products. In India, Bangalore is a major center of the aerospace industry, where Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ,

880-701: The European area, by the ACARE body. Avio has 5 sites in Italy , France and French Guiana , and employs around 1200 people, about 30% of whom work in research and development. Avio is listed on the Milan stock exchange in the Star segment: in 2018 it had revenues of 388.7 million euros. In 1908, aeronautical production was in its early stages in Turin, Italy. At that time Fiat decided to design and produce an airplane engine,

935-582: The P230 solid-propellant engine, the booster used as the first stage in a dual configuration. As regards the new European medium-heavy Ariane 6 launcher, Avio is responsible for the P120C solid-propellant motor (common to the first stage of the Vega C), which will act as a booster for the launcher (in dual configuration for the medium Ariane 62 version and in quadruple configuration for the heavy Ariane 64 version), and

990-590: The SA 8/75, derived from racing cars. The first mass-produced engine produced by Fiat was the A10. 1,070 units were created between 1914 and 1915: at this point the pioneer age had come to an end and the company decided to design and construct complete aircraft. Thus in 1916 the Società Italiana Aviazione was founded, changing its name in 1918 to Fiat Aviazione. In Turin, besides aircraft engines, and along

1045-599: The Space Propulsion Test Facility at Perdasdefogu, a firing range with test bench where future liquid propellant engines will be tested. The company currently operates in Italy and abroad at its headquarters in Colleferro (Rome), and has other branches in Campania (Airola in the province of Benevento), Piedmont (Rivalta in the province of Turin) and France (Metropolitan and French Guiana) with

1100-678: The Swedish Air Force—;especially in support of its position as a neutral country. (See Saab AB .) Other European countries either team up in making fighters (such as the Panavia Tornado and the Eurofighter Typhoon ), or else to import them from the United States. Pakistan has a developing aerospace engineering industry. The National Engineering and Scientific Commission , Khan Research Laboratories and Pakistan Aeronautical Complex are among

1155-542: The United States and Europe to fill these needs. However Canada still manufactures some military aircraft although they are generally not combat capable. Another notable example was the late 1950s development of the Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow , a supersonic fighter-interceptor whose 1959 cancellation was considered highly controversial. France has continued to make its own warplanes for its air force and navy, and Sweden continues to make its own warplanes for

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1210-529: The United States. However, the UK has a very active aerospace sector, with major companies such as BAE Systems , supplying fully assembled aircraft, aircraft components, sub-assemblies and sub-systems to other manufacturers, both in Europe and all over the world. Canada has formerly manufactured some of its own designs for jet warplanes, etc. (e.g. the CF-100 fighter), but for some decades, it has relied on imports from

1265-573: The VV04 mission, Vega put the IXV (Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle), a prototype of the European reusable Space Rider, into a sub-orbital trajectory. Within the Vega programme, Avio is currently prime contractor for the production of the new-generation light launchers: The Ariane programme was born in the early 1970s with the objective of building space launchers optimised for geostationary transfer orbits under

1320-456: The activities until 2001, when it was made over to Siemens, changing the marine and industrial activities to the development of aeroderivative turbines. The BPD industrial plants were established 50 km from Rome, along the railway line for Cassino, due to the initiative of the engineer Leopoldo Parodi – Delfino, supported by Senator Giovanni Bombrini, and the resolution of the State to provide

1375-405: The appropriate regulations. Spinoffs refer to any technology that is a direct result of coding or products created by NASA and redesigned for an alternate purpose. These technological advancements are one of the primary results of the aerospace industry, with $ 5.2 billion worth of revenue generated by spinoff technology, including computers and cellular devices. These spinoffs have applications in

1430-476: The capability to design and manufacture both armed and unarmed unmanned aerial vehicles . In the People's Republic of China, Beijing , Xi'an , Chengdu , Shanghai , Shenyang and Nanchang are major research and manufacture centers of the aerospace industry. China has developed an extensive capability to design, test and produce military aircraft, missiles and space vehicles. Despite the cancellation in 1983 of

1485-488: The commodity selling of aircraft parts. In the aerospace and defense industry, much consolidation occurred at the end of the 20th century and in the early 21st century. Between 1988 and 2011, more than 6,068 mergers and acquisitions with a total known value of US$ 678 billion were announced worldwide. The largest transactions have been: Multiple technologies and innovations are used in aerospace, many of them pioneered around World War II : Functional safety relates to

1540-636: The company collaborated on the design and manufacture of propulsion systems for, among the others, the Panavia Tornado and Harrier in the military sector, and Boeing and Airbus in the commercial one. In 1997, the acquisition of the controlling stake in Alfa Romeo Avio from Finmeccanica was key to a national strategic project aimed at reducing the excessive fragmentation of the Italian companies and at increasing competitiveness through more systematic synergies. Avio has thus been able to set out on

1595-583: The company provided for social works. In 1927, the BPD Test Centre started to experiment on the first rockets powered by chemical powder. After the Second World War, on the initiative of Francesco Serra di Cassano, son-in-law and successor to BPD's founder, mechanical production, which had been started up in the 1930s for munitions activities, was developed and expanded. The Test Centre intensified experimentation on propellants, beginning with

1650-632: The construction of aircraft. Modern aerospace began with Engineer George Cayley in 1799. Cayley proposed an aircraft with a "fixed wing and a horizontal and vertical tail," defining characteristics of the modern aeroplane. The 19th century saw the creation of the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain (1866), the American Rocketry Society, and the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences , all of which made aeronautics

1705-490: The country with an independent production capacity in the chemical field. Situated in a poor region of Roman countryside, the town of Colleferro began around the industrial site and was elevated to a municipal district in 1935 by Royal Decree. The town grew in correlation with the production activities of BPD that, from explosives, extended to several chemical products derived for agricultural and industrial uses. The production plants developed and expanded attracting labour, and

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1760-487: The engine of the Aster 30 anti-aircraft/anti-missile missile. The Space Rider programme envisages the construction of a reusable space module launched by the Vega C launcher capable of orbiting the Earth for weeks and then re-entering the Earth's surface by landing on an airstrip. The programme, currently still in the research and development phase, is targeting 2023 for the first mission. The Space Rider programme originated at

1815-399: The experimental Shanghai Y-10 , China is still developing its civil aerospace industry. The aircraft parts industry was born out of the sale of second-hand or used aircraft parts from the aerospace manufacture sector. Within the United States there is a specific process that parts brokers or resellers must follow. This includes leveraging a certified repair station to overhaul and "tag"

1870-688: The field of solid-propellant motors. In 1968, the SNIA Viscosa Company took over BPD, which became SNIA-BPD. In 1975, under this company configuration, ESA initially gave the BPD branch of SNIA the task of developing and producing the separation motors of the European Ariane satellite launcher, and in 1984, the contract for the manufacture of the Ariane 5 boosters. The Ariane take-off motors have been completed now for over twenty years at

1925-609: The first crewed Moon landing. In April 1981, the Space Shuttle Columbia launched, the start of regular crewed access to orbital space. A sustained human presence in orbital space started with " Mir " in 1986 and is continued by the " International Space Station ". Space commercialization and space tourism are more recent features of aerospace. Aerospace manufacturing is a high-technology industry that produces "aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles, aircraft engines, propulsion units, and related parts". Most of

1980-666: The first powered sustained flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903, by the Wright brothers. War and science fiction inspired scientists and engineers like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Wernher von Braun to achieve flight beyond the atmosphere. World War II inspired Wernher von Braun to create the V1 and V2 rockets. The launch of Sputnik 1 in October 1957 started the Space Age , and on July 20, 1969 Apollo 11 achieved

2035-530: The increased availability of methane gas, enabled the development and manufacture of several electric power generation plants in Italy and abroad. The success of the gas turbines led to the decision to leave the segment of large diesel engines in order to focus on this. In 1973, Fiat set up the company Turbomeccanica Turbogas (TTG), focusing entirely on the Turin Company's activities in the energy sector. In 1986, Fiat Aviazione incorporated TTG, and developed

2090-1092: The industrial sector with fresh workers, apprenticeship programs like the Aerospace Joint Apprenticeship Council (AJAC) collaborate with community colleges and aerospace firms in Washington state. Important locations of the civilian aerospace industry worldwide include Washington state ( Boeing ), California ( Boeing , Lockheed Martin , etc.) and Montreal, Quebec , Canada ( Bombardier , Pratt & Whitney Canada ) in North America ; Toulouse , France ( Airbus SE ) and Hamburg , Germany ( Airbus SE ) in Europe ; as well as São José dos Campos , Brazil ( Embraer ), Querétaro , Mexico (Bombardier Aerospace, General Electric Aviation) and Mexicali , Mexico (United Technologies Corporation, Gulfstream Aerospace ) in Latin America . In

2145-561: The industry is geared toward governmental work. For each original equipment manufacturer (OEM), the US government has assigned a Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) code . These codes help to identify each manufacturer, repair facilities, and other critical aftermarket vendors in the aerospace industry. In the United States, the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are

2200-589: The last one using liquid propulsion. It is about 30 metres high overall, with a maximum diameter of 3 metres. The maximum load it can carry is 1,500 kg in polar orbit at an altitude of about 700 km. The Vega's maiden flight took place in February 2012. Following the success of this first launch, the project has grown in importance and the launcher has made eighteen flights, putting various types of cargo into orbit, including numerous microsatellites for various private, institutional and government customers. With

2255-670: The launch site in French Guiana , under the subsidiary companies Europropulsion and Regulus , set up in 1988. In 1990, SNIA sold the BPD branch to the Gilardini Company, which was bought by Fiat Aviazione in 1994. From 1989 Fiat Aviazione became FiatAvio S.p.A. Fiat took on the role of Italian prime contractor for the NATO F-104 G aircraft. With the name change of the Fiat Aviazione to Fiat Avio in 1989,

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2310-609: The launching of multi-stage sounding rockets for research in the upper atmosphere, produced at the Salto di Quirra military firing range in Sardinia, in the early 1960s. In 1966, following its success with the rockets, BPD entered into a contract with ELDO (forerunner of the European Space Agency – ESA) for the development and production of the apogee boost motor of the ELDO-PAS telecommunications satellite. This led to development in

2365-563: The lines of the internal-combustion engine, Fiat diversified production with the construction in 1909 of Fiat San Giorgio for marine diesel engines, the area from which activities in the field of industrial engines for electric power generation later ensued. In Colleferro (Rome), the Bombrini Parodi-Delfino-BPD Company, established in Genoa in 1912, started manufacturing explosives and chemical products, from which

2420-511: The liquid-oxygen turbopump (LOX) for the Vinci motor. The maiden launch of Ariane 6 took place on 9 July 2024. In October 2013, Avio signed a contract with MBDA, a European consortium engaged in the construction of missiles and missile defence technologies,[14] for the design and production of the engine of the Camm ER (Common Anti-air Modular Missile Extended Range). Avio is also responsible for

2475-413: The major global players in this industry. The historic Soviet Union was also the home of a major aerospace industry. The United Kingdom formerly attempted to maintain its own large aerospace industry, making its own airliners and warplanes, but it has largely turned its lot over to cooperative efforts with continental companies, and it has turned into a large import customer, too, from countries such as

2530-521: The medical derivations of aerospace achievement. This device enables more precise and subsequently cost-effective neurosurgery by reducing complications through a minimally invasive procedure that abbreviates hospitalization. "These NASA technologies are not only giving companies and entrepreneurs a competitive edge in their own industries, but are also helping to shape budding industries, such as commercial lunar landers ," said Daniel Lockney. ELDO Too Many Requests If you report this error to

2585-573: The necessary clearance from Consob for admission to the Milan Stock Exchange. In particular, the incorporation of Avio into Space2 took place with the acquisition of 85.68% of Avio's share capital by Space2, Leonardo S.p.A. and In Orbit s.r.l.. The company subsequently took the name Avio S.p.A. On 10 April 2017, the listing on the stock exchange took place. As a result of the transaction Leonardo Finmeccanica increased its shareholding (from 14% to about 28%); more than 40 managers also joined

2640-544: The premier organizations involved in research and development in this sector. Pakistan has the capability of designing and manufacturing guided rockets, missiles and space vehicles. The city of Kamra is home to the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex which contains several factories. This facility is responsible for manufacturing the MFI-17 , MFI-395 , K-8 and JF-17 Thunder aircraft. Pakistan also has

2695-477: The road of growing internationalisation, placing itself among the major world players in the field of the design and production of components and modules for aerospace propulsion. The foundation of AvioPolska in 2001, was followed in 2005 by the creation of DutchAero, with the acquisition of Phillips Aerospace. In 2003, the Fiat Group, struggling with the crisis in the automobile sector, sold Fiat Avio S.p.A. to

2750-409: The shareholding structure with a stake of about 4% through the corporate vehicle InOrbit srl. Among others, Avio holds control or shareholdings in the following companies: Giulio Ranzo has held the role of chief executive officer since 2015, while Roberto Italia holds the role of chairman of the board of directors. Towards the beginning of 2020, the company announced the start of the construction of

2805-670: The space segment originated. The aeronautical field began in Brindisi with the SACA Company. Gradually, other companies began such as the CMASA di Marina Company in Pisa, founded in 1921 by German design engineer Claude Dornier, in collaboration with Rinaldo Piaggio and Attilio Odero. Avio were present in the development and manufacture of engines for the production of electric energy, having developed large engines for ships. Fiat started

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2860-417: The split between Avio's space division, which continues to be owned by Cinven and Leonardo, and the company's aviation division, which took the name Avio Aero and thus became a GE Aviation business now totally unrelated to the Avio Group. The main programme Avio is working on is the European Vega light-lift launcher. The rocket consists of four stages, the first three equipped with solid propellant motors and

2915-408: The sponsorship of the ESA and the Ariane Group, which plays the role of prime contractor in this project. Within the programme, Avio has been involved in the development and production of boosters and stage separation motors since the 1970s. Currently, for the Ariane 5 programme, it is acting as subcontractor for the development and production of the liquid-oxygen turbopump for the Vulcain 2 engine and

2970-463: The study of marine engines in 1903. Beginning from 1926, with engineer Giovanni Chiesa, the manufacture with engines with 750mm-diameter cylinders, the maximum diameter permitted by technologies of the time, which increased engine power up to 4,500HP. In 1971, production began on large diesel engines in Trieste, in a new factory established through a collaboration agreement with the state company IRI (Institute for Industrial Reconstruction). Starting from

3025-580: The two largest consumers of aerospace technology and products. Others include the very large airline industry. The aerospace industry employed 472,000 wage and salary workers in 2006. Most of those jobs were in Washington state and in California, with Missouri , New York and Texas also being important. The leading aerospace manufacturers in the U.S. are Boeing , United Technologies Corporation , SpaceX , Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin . As talented American employees age and retire, these manufacturers face an expanding labor shortfall. In order to supply

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