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54-463: Avon Lake Public Library also offers an equipment circulation program that opens opportunities for patrons to access media in old and new formats. Equipment available for loans includes turntables, cassette players, and slide scanners, as well as eReaders, tablets, video game consoles and projectors. The library further provides tips on reducing the costs associated with cable television subscriptions in its "Cutting The Cord" website section. Programs at

108-528: A pliosaurid from the Middle Jurassic ( Bajocian ) deposits, was discovered in Lorraine and named after this region in 2023. Most of Lorraine has a clear French identity, with the exception of the northeastern part of the region, today known as Moselle , which historically has had a German-speaking population. In 1871, Bismarck annexed about a third of today's Lorraine to the new federation of

162-617: A crossroads between French and German cultures, Lotharingia experienced tremendous economic, artistic, and cultural prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries under the Hohenstaufen emperors. Along with the rest of Europe, this prosperity was terminated in Lorraine in the 14th century by a series of harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death . During the Renaissance , a flourishing prosperity returned to Lotharingia until

216-509: A family was $ 62,082. Males had a median income of $ 49,146 versus $ 35,334 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 25,002. About 10.3% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over. There are 20 public school districts in Lorain County. Those primarily in Lorain County are listed in bold. Each district's high school(s) and location

270-459: A gigantic 44.3-meter (145 feet) high Cross of Lorraine. The use of the potato in Lorraine can be traced back to 1665. It was imported to Europe from South America. It is used in what developed as various traditional dishes of the region, such as the potée lorraine . The Breux potato, which takes its name from the village of Breux in the north of the Meuse, is considered to be excellent because of

324-434: A permanent part of the modern Republic of France . Because of wars, it came under control of Germany several times as the border between the nations shifted. While Lorrainian separatists do exist in the 21st century, their political power and influence is negligible. Lorraine separatism today consists more of preserving its cultural identity rather than seeking genuine political independence. With enlightened leadership and at

378-482: A special section for teachers who wish to adopt library recommended resources for their lesson plans. The "Parent & Teacher Resources" section offers curated reading lists as well as directions for obtaining Teacher Loan library cards. Avon Lake Public Library opened in a farmhouse on the east side of Center Road in Avon Lake in 1931. In 1957, construction began on a new library building on Electric Boulevard, and

432-568: Is Lorrain , which is a moribund minority Romance language that is spoken in southeastern Lorraine. The second is the German dialect of Lorraine Franconian , a group of three Franconian dialects independently surviving in northern and western Lorraine. They are referred to collectively as Plàtt in Franconian or francique or platt (lorrain) in French (not to be confused with Lorrain ,

486-416: Is Nancy , which was the seat of the duchy for centuries. To the north, Lorraine borders Germany , Belgium , and Luxembourg . In French, its male inhabitants are called Lorrains and its female inhabitants are called Lorraines . The population of Lorraine is about 2,356,000. Lorraine's borders have changed often in its long history. The location of Lorraine led to it being a paramount strategic asset as

540-574: Is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio As of the 2020 census , the population was 312,964. Its county seat is Elyria , and its largest city is Lorain . The county was physically established in 1822, becoming judicially independent in 1824. Lorain County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county is home to Oberlin College . Lorain County

594-672: Is also listed. The county also includes the Lorain County Joint Vocational School District, which encompasses the entire county and serves students from the Amherst, Avon, Avon Lake, Clearview, Columbia, Elyria, Firelands, Keystone, Midview, North Ridgeville, Oberlin, Sheffield-Sheffield Lake and Wellington school districts from a 10-acre campus on a 100-acre site near the intersection of State Route 58 and U.S. Route 20 in Oberlin. As of 2024,

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648-586: Is generally used as a garden or for car parking. Furniture developed a specific identity after the Thirty Years' War : the "Lorrain style". At €44 billion (in 2000), Lorraine generates 3.4% of France's GDP. Despite ranking 11th in population, it ranks 8th in GDP out of the 22 regions of France, making it per capita among the top economic producing regions in the country, along with Alsace and Île-de-France (Paris). The logistics and service sectors have experienced

702-577: Is identical to the same dialects spoken in the neighboring Rhineland of Germany. Like most of France's regional languages (e.g. Basque , Breton , West Flemish , Catalan , Provençal , and Alsatian which is close to dialects of its neighboring Lorraine), Lorrain and Lorraine Franconian have largely been replaced in use by French. For more than a century, nationalistic policies of the central government required public schooling to be conducted only in French. Now, however, there are efforts being made to revive Lorraine Franconian , whose linguistic vitality

756-614: Is now a separate administrative region. Most of the region forms part of the Paris Basin , with a plateau relief cut by river valleys presenting cuestas in the north–south direction. The eastern part is sharper with the Vosges. Many rivers run through Lorraine, including Moselle , Meurthe , and Meuse . Most of them are on the Rhine drainage basin . Lorraine has an oceanic climate with continental influences. Lorrainosaurus ,

810-482: Is still relatively high. Recent efforts include the use of bilingual signs in Franconian areas, and Franconian-language classes for young children whose parents can no longer speak their ancestral language. During World War II, the cross was adopted as the official symbol of the Free French Forces (French: Forces Françaises Libres , or FFL) under Charles de Gaulle . Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu suggested

864-541: The Austrian Netherlands . For political reasons, he decided to hide those heirs who were not born by his first wife, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria , who was deceased when he took office. The vacuum in leadership, the French Revolution , and the political results and changes issuing from the many nationalistic wars that followed in the next 130 years, ultimately resulted in Lorraine becoming

918-717: The Austro-Hungarian Empire , and others. In 840, Charlemagne 's son Louis the Pious died. The Carolingian Empire was divided among Louis' three sons by the Treaty of Verdun of 843. The middle realm, known as Middle Francia , went to Lothair I , reaching from Frisia in Northern Germany through the Low Countries , Eastern France, Burgundy , Provence , Northern Italy, and down to Rome . On

972-472: The Cross of Lorraine was a symbol of Free France . The administrative region of Lorraine is larger than the 18th century duchy of Lorraine , which gradually came under French sovereignty between 1737 and 1766. The modern region includes provinces and areas that were historically separate from the duchy of Lorraine proper. These are: Some historians consider the traditional province of Lorraine as limited to

1026-469: The French language and culture in favor of High German, which became the administrative language (Geschäftssprache. ) It required the use of German in schools in areas which it considered or designated as German-speaking , an often arbitrary categorisation. French was allowed to remain in use only in primary and secondary schools in municipalities definitely considered Francophone, such as Château-Salins and

1080-608: The German Empire following a decisive victory in the Franco-Prussian War . This disputed third has a culture not easily classifiable as either French or German , since both Romance and German dialects are spoken here. Like many border regions, Lorraine was a patchwork of ethnicities and dialects not mutually intelligible with either standard French or German (see linguistic boundary of Moselle ). Traditionally, two languages are native to Lorraine. The first

1134-715: The German Sixth Army under Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria counterattacked and forced the French forces into retreat at the Battles of Sarrebourg and Morhange . Lorraine remained under martial law , close to the Western Front in northeastern France, and suffering from refugee crises for the rest of the war. The population effectively revolted against German rule by participating in the German Revolution of 1918–1919 , and welcomed French troops into

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1188-538: The Kingdom of France , via derivative aristocratic house alliances. The succession within these houses, in tandem with other historical events, would have later restored Lorraine's status as its own duchy, but a vacuum in leadership occurred. Its duke Francois Stephen de Lorraine took the throne of the Holy Roman Empire as Francis I , and his brother Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine became governor of

1242-409: The Thirty Years' War . France inherited Lorraine in 1766. The region's location has caused the population to be mixed. The north largely speaks German , Lorraine Franconian and other German dialects . A strong centralised nationalism had only just begun to replace the feudalist system which had formed the multilingual borders, and an insurrection against the French occupation influenced much of

1296-475: The administrative region of Grand Est . Its name stems from the medieval kingdom of Lotharingia (855–959 AD), which in turn was named after either Emperor Lothair I or King Lothair II . Lorraine, originally the southern or "upper" part of this kingdom, came to be ruled by the Holy Roman Empire as the Duchy of Lorraine before the Kingdom of France annexed it in 1766. From 1982 until January 2016, Lorraine

1350-638: The Avon Lake Local History Collection dates from approximately 1890 to the present, most of the material in the Collection is drawn from the years 1920 to 1990. Together with Heritage Avon Lake, the library has partnered with the Cleveland Memory Project to create an online collection of historic photographs of Avon Lake history, as well as a repository of digitized documents that includes the archives of

1404-798: The High German standard (i.e. Germanised ) a number of genuine Francophone toponyms remained untouched. During the Nazi occupation between 1940 and 1944, however, its government imposed German translations to replace French names. For instance, Château-Salins was called Salzburg in Lothringen. During the Battle of the Frontiers at the beginning of World War I , the French First Army invaded Lorraine and briefly occupied Mulhouse . However,

1458-632: The Kingdom of France in 1766. During the French Revolution , four departments were created from the main parts of the territories of Barrois, Three Bishoprics and the Duchy of Lorraine: After 1870 some parts of Moselle and Meurthe became German. Of the remaining parts, France formed the new department named Meurthe-et-Moselle . After 1918 and the Great War, France took over control again of Moselle . When France created its administrative regions in

1512-530: The Meuse River) was the Duchy of Bar , part of the Holy Roman Empire . In the 15th century, it was united with the Duchy of Lorraine by the marriage of the Duke of Bar, René of Anjou , with Isabella , daughter of the Duke of Lorraine. Thus the duchies of Bar and Lorraine were united in personal union under the same duke, although formally they were officially separate until being annexed and incorporated into

1566-570: The Romance language). Now mainly rural and isolated, these dialects gradually differ in the region, though they are mutually intelligible. Lorraine Franconian is distinct from neighbouring Alsatian , to the south, although the two are often confused. Neither of them has official status where they are spoken, but Alsatian is far more widely used. Technically, Lorraine Franconian is a catch-all term for what were historically three dialects: Luxembourgish , Mosel Franconian , and Rhine Franconian . Each

1620-545: The adoption of the Cross of Lorraine as the symbol of the Free French. In his General Order No. 2 of 3 July 1940, Vice-Admiral Émile Muselier , chief of the naval and air forces of the Free French for two days, created the bow flag displaying the French colours with a red Cross of Lorraine, and a cockade also featuring the Cross of Lorraine. De Gaulle is memorialised at his home village of Colombey-les-Deux-Églises by

1674-407: The age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.1% were non-families, and 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age was 40.0 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 52,066 and the median income for

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1728-482: The area's early identity. In 1871, the German Empire regained a part of Lorraine ( Bezirk Lothringen , corresponding to the current department of Moselle ). The department formed part of the new German Empire 's Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine . In the French Third Republic , the revanchist movement developed to recover this territory. The Imperial German administration strongly discouraged

1782-517: The county has an area of 923 square miles (2,390 km ), of which 491 square miles (1,270 km ) is land and 432 square miles (1,120 km ) (47%) is water. It is Ohio's fourth-largest county by area. As of the 2010 census , there were 301,356 people, 116,274 households, and 80,077 families residing in the county. The population density was 613.6 inhabitants per square mile (236.9/km ). There were 127,036 housing units at an average density of 258.7 per square mile (99.9/km ). The racial makeup of

1836-447: The county was 84.8% white, 8.6% black or African American, 0.9% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.5% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.4% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 26.5% were German , 16.7% were Irish , 10.9% were English , 8.4% were Polish , 8.2% were Italian , 6.2% were American , and 5.2% were Hungarian . Of the 116,274 households, 32.6% had children under

1890-415: The crossroads of four nations. This, along with its political alliances, marriage alliances, and the ability of rulers over the centuries to choose sides between East and West, gave it a tremendously powerful and important role in transforming all of European history. Its rulers intermarried with royal families over all of Europe, played kingmaker, and seated rulers on the thrones of the Holy Roman Empire and

1944-450: The death of Lothair I, Middle Francia was divided in three by the Treaty of Prüm in 855, with the northern third called Lotharingia and going to Lothair II . Due to Lotharingia being sandwiched between East and West Francia , the rulers identified as a duchy from 870 onward, enabling the duchy to ally and align itself nominally with either eastern or western Carolingian kingdoms in order to survive and maintain its independence. Thus, it

1998-614: The duchy of Lorraine proper, while others consider that it includes Barrois and the Three Bishoprics. The duchy of Lorraine was originally the duchy of upper Lorraine, and did not include the entire area since called Lorraine . The case of Barrois is the most complicated: the western part of Barrois (west of the Meuse), known as Barrois mouvant , was detached from the rest of Barrois in the early 14th century and taken over by French sovereignty. The largest part of Barrois (east of

2052-525: The first Republican to capture the county since Ronald Reagan in 1984. In 2020, Trump flipped the county Republican by a narrow majority. In 2024, Trump won the county with 52.12% of the vote, the highest percentage for a Republican since 1972. 41°28′N 82°09′W  /  41.47°N 82.15°W  / 41.47; -82.15 Lorraine Lorraine is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France , now located in

2106-546: The following county-wide elected officials are in office: Lorain County used to lean Democratic in recent presidential elections, voting for the Democratic candidate for president in 12 of the last 16 elections, including a winning streak that lasted from 1988 to 2016. In 2016, however, the county was almost swept up as part of the unexpected Republican surge in the Rust Belt ; Donald Trump came within 131 votes of being

2160-464: The hours). By tradition, they do not toll during Holy Week preceding Easter. Instead, the children of the villages play ratchets and announce, C'est l'Angélus! (It's the Angelus). After Easter , the children go from house to house and receive small presents for their service. Sinterklaas is celebrated in Lorraine, where he is called "Saint Nicolas". Each year, more than 150,000 people gather in

2214-522: The library include genealogy research, craft workshops, book clubs, and gardening instruction, as well as a number of offerings for children and young adults. Of note, the library also offers experiential learning opportunities in its DiscoveryWorks area. DiscoveryWorks includes hands-on exhibits, science-to-go kits, and the Rainwise III weather station that provides local weather information to Weather Underground. The library's website also provides

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2268-475: The library reopened at its current location on August 11, 1958. Several notable expansion projects have been undertaken, including a 1980-1983 project that doubled the size of the library, and a 1990-1994 project that again expanded it to its current space of 55,000 square feet. In 2014, the Board of Library Trustees approved a $ 700,000 renovation of the 1994 addition. The renovation was completed by April 2015, and

2322-490: The local newspaper as well as high school yearbooks, newspapers and literary annuals. In 2012, the library announced an Avon Lake Local History Art Collection featuring over 40 items representing the history of the city, the library, Lorain County, Ohio , the Lake Shore Electric Railway and Avon Beach Park Resort, and shipping and shipwrecks on Lake Erie . In 2009 and 2010, Avon Lake Public Library

2376-517: The middle of the 20th century, it decided to gather Meurthe et Moselle , Meuse , Moselle and Vosges into a single region, known as Lorraine. Lorraine is the only French region to have borders with three other countries: Belgium ( Wallonia ), Luxembourg , and Germany ( Saarland , Rhineland-Palatinate ). It also borders the French regions of Franche-Comté , Champagne-Ardenne , which were at times part of historical Lorraine Lotharingia , and Alsace , which, while still part of Lorraine's identity,

2430-546: The perfect conditions of the area for its cultivation. Smoked bacon is also a traditional ingredient of the cuisine of Lorraine. It is used in various traditional dishes of the region, including the famous quiche Lorraine . The mirabelle plum of Lorraine is the emblematic fruit of Lorraine. It is used in pies and other desserts, as well as in alcoholic beverages . Traditional dishes in the region include: Traditional cheeses of Lorraine include: Carré de l'Est , Brouère , Munster-géromé , Tourrée de l'Aubier . Desserts from

2484-531: The region include: madeleine , macaron , rum baba , plombières ice-cream , various pie recipes ( brimbelles bilberry, mirabelle plum, rhubarb, quark ...). The Christstollen is also popular in Lorraine during the Christmas season. Lorraine has a Roman Catholic heritage. Almost every village has a church, often centuries old, although many do not have a dedicated priest anymore. Church bells are traditionally rung to announce Angelus time (and often toll

2538-553: The region several days later. In the 1919 Treaty of Versailles , the Weimar Republic suffered severe territorial losses following World War I , including the portion of Lorraine territory that had been part of its state of Alsace-Lorraine. With the exception of its de facto annexation by Nazi Germany as part of the Gau Westmark during World War II , that area has since remained a part of France. During that war,

2592-464: The streets of Nancy to celebrate Sinterklaas . A total of that number gather in other areas across the region. Except for dispersed settlement in the Vosges mountains, traditional farms display linked houses, forming linear villages . They are built quite far from the road. The area between the house and the road is called l'usoir  [ fr ] . Until the 1970s, the usoir was used to store farming tools, firewood, or manure. Today this area

2646-430: The surrounding arrondissements, as well and in their local administration. After 1877, higher education, including state-run colleges, universities and teacher seminaries, was conducted exclusively in German. The predominance of German and the partial usage of French, though restricted, were both guaranteed by the 1911 constitution of Alsace-Lorraine. While many toponyms of German etymology in Lorraine were adapted to

2700-532: Was a duchy in name but operated as an independent kingdom. In 870, Lorraine allied with East Francia while remaining an autonomous duchy. In 962, when Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor , restored the Empire ( restauratio imperii ), Lorraine was designated as the autonomous Duchy of Lorraine within the Holy Roman Empire. It maintained this status until 1766, after which it was annexed under succession law by

2754-505: Was an administrative region of France. In 2016, under a reorganisation, it became part of the new region Grand Est. As a region in modern France, Lorraine consisted of the four departments Meurthe-et-Moselle , Meuse , Moselle and Vosges (from a historical point of view the Haute-Marne department is also located in the region), containing 2,337 communes. Metz is the regional prefecture . The largest metropolitan area of Lorraine

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2808-589: Was celebrated with a reception and open house event. In 2011, the Library celebrated its 80th anniversary with a commendation from the Ohio House of Representatives and a proclamation from the city of Avon Lake. Avon Lake Public Library maintains a special collection that includes original materials and reproductions of books, manuscripts, photographs, postcards and correspondence, newspapers and periodicals, films and more documenting Avon Lake city history. While

2862-498: Was established in 1822 from portions of several of its adjacent counties. This county became judicially-independent in 1824. The original proposed name for the county was "Colerain". The final name "Lorain" was chosen by Heman Ely, who had founded and named the city of Elyria. The county's name is based on the former German and now French province of Lorraine . According to the United States Census Bureau ,

2916-741: Was named one of the Top Ten Public Libraries in the United States in the service category of 10,000 – 24,999 patrons by Hennen's American Public Library Ratings. Starting in January 2017, 30 empty A1 Steak Sauce bottles were found in the library over the course of three months. The bottles have been found in the adult fiction and non-fiction sections of the library. No one has been able to explain their origin or purpose. As of August 2017, 55 cleaned, unlabeled bottles had been found. Lorain County, Ohio Lorain County

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