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59-686: The Aylesbury Vale (or Vale of Aylesbury ) is a geographical region in Buckinghamshire , England , which is bounded by the City of Milton Keynes and West Northamptonshire to the north, Central Bedfordshire and the Borough of Dacorum ( Hertfordshire ) to the east, the Chiltern Hills to the south and South Oxfordshire to the west. It is named after Aylesbury , the county town of Buckinghamshire. Winslow and Buckingham are among

118-785: A Field Marshal or General of the Army (US five stars), or Generalissimo (Soviet Union); and in the US Armed Forces an Admiral (typically four stars) may also command a region. Due to the large size of this formation, its use is rarely employed. Some of the very few examples of an Army Region are each of the Eastern, Western, and southern (mostly in Italy) fronts in Europe during World War II . The military map unit symbol for this echelon of formation (see Military organization and APP-6A )

177-523: A local government district of northern Buckinghamshire, with its own district council between 1974 and 2020. The council's offices were in Aylesbury. The district council's logo included the historical figure of John Hampden . The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the boroughs of Aylesbury and Buckingham , Aylesbury Rural District , Buckingham Rural District , Wing Rural District and part of Winslow Rural District . Aylesbury Vale

236-628: A branch line from East West Rail, to run from Claydon LNE Junction via Aylesbury Vale Parkway to Aylesbury, which were discussed in Parliament in 2021. This proposal remains "under review" and is not in any current plans. (The route of HS2 uses the same corridor and, as of August 2023, the Claydon line is needed to move materials for its engineering works.) 51°53′28″N 0°54′43″W  /  51.8910°N 0.9120°W  / 51.8910; -0.9120 Geographical region Apart from

295-575: A chord at Bicester to permit services to run from the main line onto the westernmost section of the Varsity Line , restored between Bicester and Oxford; this permitted a new service to Oxford which opened in 2015. Part of the Watlington branch line has been reopened by the Chinnor and Princes Risborough Railway , which extended its heritage railway service to the new platform 4 on the site of

354-404: A country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries. In the fields of physical geography , ecology , biogeography , zoogeography , and environmental geography , regions tend to be based on natural features such as ecosystems or biotopes , biomes , drainage basins , natural regions , mountain ranges , soil types . Where human geography is concerned,

413-665: A cultural region. Examples of natural resource regions are the Rumaila Field , the oil field that lies along the border or Iraq and Kuwait and played a role in the Gulf War ; the Coal Region of Pennsylvania, which is a historical region as well as a cultural, physical, and natural resource region; the South Wales Coalfield , which like Pennsylvania's coal region is a historical, cultural, and natural region;

472-416: A functional region. Nodal regions, functional urban regions, daily urban systems, local labour-market areas (LLMAs), or travel-to-work areas (TTWAs) are considered to be special instances of a general functional region that need to fulfil some specific conditions regarding, for instance, the character of the region-organising interaction or the presence of urban cores, (Halas et al., 2015 ). In military usage,

531-536: A lesser degree, regions in the sphere of influence of Greater New England, "Acadia" (Nova Scotia), "Newfoundland and The Fishery/The Banks". Other examples of historical regions are Iroquoia, Ohio Country , Illinois Country , and Rupert's Land . In Russia , historical regions include Siberia and the Russian North , as well as the Ural Mountains . These regions had an identity that developed from

590-508: A number of countries have borrowed the term as the formal name for a type of subnational entity (e.g., the región , used in Chile ). In English, the word is also used as the conventional translation for equivalent terms in other languages (e.g., the область ( oblast ), used in Russia alongside a broader term регион ). The following countries use the term "region" (or its cognate ) as

649-418: A region is shorthand for the name of a military formation larger than an Army Group and smaller than a Theater . The full name of the military formation is Army Region. The size of an Army Region can vary widely but is generally somewhere between about 1 million and 3 million soldiers. Two or more Army Regions could make up a Theater. An Army Region is typically commanded by a full General (US four stars),

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708-529: A significant percentage of their respective continental land area. To a large extent, major continental regions are mental constructs created by considering an efficient way to define large areas of the continents. For the most part, the images of the world are derived as much from academic studies, from all types of media, or from personal experience of global exploration . They are a matter of collective human knowledge of their own planet and are attempts to better understand their environments. Regional geography

767-658: A similar way, as does Romania and Venezuela . The government of Singapore makes use of the term " region " for its own administrative purposes. The following countries use an administrative subdivision conventionally referred to as a region in English: China has five 自治区 ( zìzhìqū ) and two 特別行政區 (or 特别行政区; tèbiéxíngzhèngqū ), which are translated as " autonomous region " and " special administrative region ", respectively. There are many relatively small regions based on local government agencies such as districts, agencies, or regions. In general, they are all regions in

826-625: A sort of social and political polity . The term Muslim world is sometimes used to refer to the region of the world where Islam is dominant. These broad terms are somewhat vague when used to describe regions. Within some religions there are clearly defined regions. The Roman Catholic Church , the Church of England , the Eastern Orthodox Church , and others, define ecclesiastical regions with names such as diocese , eparchy , ecclesiastical provinces , and parish . For example,

885-454: Is a branch of geography that studies regions of all sizes across the Earth . It has a prevailing descriptive character. The main aim is to understand or define the uniqueness or character of a particular region, which consists of natural as well as human elements. Attention is paid also to regionalization, which covers the proper techniques of space delimitation into regions. Regional geography

944-468: Is a stop on the Chiltern Main Line , serving the market town of Princes Risborough in Buckinghamshire , England . It is managed by Chiltern Railways , which operates all services that stop here. At one time, there were four different railway routes from the northern end of Princes Risborough station, although there has only ever been one to the south. The first railway to reach the town

1003-477: Is also considered as a certain approach to study in geographical sciences (similar to quantitative or critical geographies ; for more information, see history of geography ). Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with various discrete environments. It encompasses human , political , cultural , social , and economic aspects among others that are often clearly delineated. While

1062-714: Is currently a controversial proposal to divide the rest of Sweden into large regions , replacing the current counties. The government of the Philippines uses the term "region" (in Filipino , rehiyon ) when it is necessary to group provinces, the primary administrative subdivision of the country. This is also the case in Brazil , which groups its primary administrative divisions ( estados ; "states") into grandes regiões ( greater regions ) for statistical purposes, while Russia uses экономические районы ( economic regions ) in

1121-494: Is giving spatial understanding of mediated image. [REDACTED] Africa [REDACTED] Antarctica [REDACTED] Asia [REDACTED] Australia [REDACTED] Europe [REDACTED] North America [REDACTED] South America [REDACTED] Afro-Eurasia [REDACTED] Americas [REDACTED] Eurasia [REDACTED] Oceania Princes Risborough railway station Princes Risborough railway station

1180-421: Is identified with six Xs. Media geography is a spatio-temporal understanding, brought through different gadgets of media, nowadays, media became inevitable at different proportions and everyone supposed to consumed at different gravity. The spatial attributes are studied with the help of media outputs in shape of images which are contested in nature and pattern as well where politics is inseparable. Media geography

1239-801: Is located near Quainton . Aylesbury is home to the County Museum (which includes the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery ), and Buckingham features the Old Gaol Museum . There are no motorway junctions in the Vale although the M40 does cross it for five miles between junctions 8A and 9. The A41 road , the A413 road and the A418 road meet at Aylesbury. The A421 road passes through the north of

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1298-432: Is not an abstract spatial concept, but to a certain extent it can be regarded as a reflection of the spatial behaviour of individuals in a geographic space. The functional region is conceived as a general concept while its inner structure, inner spatial flows, and interactions need not necessarily show any regular pattern, only selfcontainment. The concept of self-containment remains the only crucial defining characteristic of

1357-556: The Chiltern Main Line passes through the district, stopping at Haddenham & Thame Parkway . The West Coast Main Line passes through the Vale twice along its eastern borders, with national intercity services stopping at nearby Milton Keynes Central which, with Bletchley , is also served by regional services. As of 2023, construction work is underway on two further rail lines across the Vale, High Speed 2 (HS2) and East West Rail (EWR). The HS2 route runs north-west, largely following

1416-826: The Grand Banks . He rejects regions traditionally used in describing American history, like New France , "West Indies", the Middle Colonies , and the individual colonies themselves ( Province of Maryland , for example). Instead he writes of "discrete colonization areas", which may be named after colonies but rarely adhere strictly to political boundaries. Among other historic regions of this type, he writes about "Greater New England" and its major sub-regions of "Plymouth", "New Haven shores" (including parts of Long Island), "Rhode Island" (or "Narragansett Bay"), "the Piscataqua", "Massachusetts Bay", "Connecticut Valley", and to

1475-762: The Great Central Railway with a second route into London, bypassing the Metropolitan Railway and of providing the GWR with a shorter route to the Midlands. Central to this scheme was the upgrading of the existing GWR route between High Wycombe and Princes Risborough, which was transferred to the Joint Committee at its establishment on 1 August 1899. The line was extended in a north-westerly direction to Ashendon Junction, at which point

1534-554: The Kuznetsk Basin , a similarly important coal mining region in Russia; Kryvbas , the economic and iron ore mining region of Ukraine; and the James Bay Project , a large region of Quebec where one of the largest hydroelectric systems in the world has been developed. Sometimes a region associated with a religion is given a name, like Christendom , a term with medieval and renaissance connotations of Christianity as

1593-1057: The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago , the Las Vegas-Clark County Library District , the Metropolitan Police Service of Greater London , as well as other local districts like the York Rural Sanitary District , the Delaware River Port Authority , the Nassau County Soil and Water Conservation District , and C-TRAN . The traditional territorial divisions of some countries are also commonly rendered in English as "regions". These informal divisions do not form

1652-579: The Northwest European Atlantic Protestant Region , which includes sub-regions such as the "Western Channel Community", which itself is made of sub-regions such as the English West Country of Cornwall , Devon , Somerset , and Dorset . In describing historic regions of America, Meinig writes of "The Great Fishery" off the coast of Newfoundland and New England, an oceanic region that includes

1711-515: The United Kingdom 's Lake District and California's Wine Country . great plains region Natural resources often occur in distinct regions. Natural resource regions can be a topic of physical geography or environmental geography, but also have a strong element of human geography and economic geography. A coal region, for example, is a physical or geomorphological region, but its development and exploitation can make it into an economic and

1770-416: The global continental regions, there are also hydrospheric and atmospheric regions that cover the oceans , and discrete climates above the land and water masses of the planet. The land and water global regions are divided into subregions geographically bounded by large geological features that influence large-scale ecologies, such as plains and features. As a way of describing spatial areas,

1829-483: The English novel The War Hero . The Vale has a number of historic buildings and landscapes which are tourist attractions. The National Trust owns several properties including Waddesdon Manor , Claydon House and the landscaped gardens at Stowe House . The Silverstone Circuit sits on the northern boundary of the Vale with South Northamptonshire , and the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre

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1888-415: The GWR on 1 January 1884. The original station building was located a few hundred yards further north than the present site. The original building was extended at the north end to provide extra office accommodation between 1870 and 1880; a curved roof canopy covering the platform may have also been added at the same time. Further additions to the building were made between 1894 and 1896. A second platform

1947-706: The United States is divided into 32 Roman Catholic ecclesiastical provinces . The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod is organized into 33 geographic districts , which are subdivided into circuits (the Atlantic District (LCMS) , for example). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses regions similar to dioceses and parishes, but uses terms like ward and stake . In the field of political geography , regions tend to be based on political units such as sovereign states ; subnational units such as administrative regions, provinces , states (in

2006-769: The United States) , counties , townships , territories , etc.; and multinational groupings, including formally defined units such as the European Union , the Association of Southeast Asian Nations , and NATO , as well as informally defined regions such as the Third World , Western Europe , and the Middle East. The word "region" is taken from the Latin regio (derived from regere , 'to rule'), and

2065-548: The Vale providing connections to Milton Keynes , Bedford and the M1 to the east, and the M40, Oxford and Birmingham to the west. The Vale is served by rail connections to the capital, containing several railway stations on the London to Aylesbury Line  – the major station being Aylesbury . At Aylesbury there are connecting services to Princes Risborough . In addition,

2124-534: The area and suggest a coherent tourism experience to visitors. Countries, states, provinces, and other administrative regions are often carved up into tourism regions to facilitate attracting visitors. Some of the more famous tourism regions based on historical or current administrative regions include Tuscany in Italy and Yucatán in Mexico. Famous examples of regions created by a government or tourism bureau include

2183-578: The basis of the modern administrative divisions of these countries, but still define and delimit local regional identity and sense of belonging. Examples are: Functional regions are usually understood to be the areas organised by the horizontal functional relations (flows, interactions) that are maximised within a region and minimised across its borders so that the principles of internal cohesiveness and external separation regarding spatial interactions are met (see, for instance, Farmer and Fotheringham, 2011; Klapka, Halas, 2016; Smart, 1974 ). A functional region

2242-423: The box and undertake restoration work after a period of neglect left the box damaged by weather and vandals. Work had previously ceased in 1998 due to safety concerns but was resumed in 2013. The ticket office is staffed for most of the day on weekdays and on Sundays; on Saturdays, the ticket office is staffed from the morning until early afternoon. There are two self-service ticket machines located just outside

2301-431: The concept of regions is important and widely used among the many branches of geography, each of which can describe areas in regional terms. For example, ecoregion is a term used in environmental geography , cultural region in cultural geography , bioregion in biogeography , and so on. The field of geography that studies regions themselves is called regional geography . Regions are an area or division, especially part of

2360-435: The early modern period and led to Siberian regionalism . A tourism region is a geographical region that has been designated by a governmental organization or tourism bureau as having common cultural or environmental characteristics. These regions are often named after a geographical, former, or current administrative region or may have a name created for tourism purposes. The names often evoke certain positive qualities of

2419-406: The former Great Central Main Line route, but without providing any services to any towns in the county. EWR runs across the Vale, with trains between Oxford and Milton Keynes Central, calling at Winslow and Bletchley , due to commence in early 2025. Buckinghamshire Council has established a cycleway between Buckingham and Winslow to maximise use of the new station. There are also proposals for

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2478-551: The former platform to Watlington; this opened in August 2018. Originally, two through roads allowed non-stop running clear of the platform roads. Radical cuts on the Chiltern Main Line and Great Central Main Line in the 1960s left the station with only two usable platforms: the current platforms 1 and 2. In 1998, to increase capacity on the line, Chiltern Railways reinstated platform 3, the down platform, on top of

2537-580: The general sense of being bounded spatial units. Examples include electoral districts such as Washington's 6th congressional district and Tennessee's 1st congressional district ; school districts such as Granite School District and Los Angeles Unified School District ; economic districts such as the Reedy Creek Improvement District ; metropolitan areas such as the Seattle metropolitan area , and metropolitan districts such as

2596-530: The joint line ended, and a GCR route ran northwards to Grendon Underwood Junction, just south of Calvert ; both sections opened for goods on 20 November 1905 and for passengers on 2 April 1906. Continuing in the same north-westerly direction from Ashendon Junction, the Bicester cut-off line, which was purely GWR property, was opened for goods trains on 4 April 1910 and to passengers on 1 July 1910. The Watlington branch closed to passengers on 1 July 1957 and

2655-415: The larger towns in the vale. The bed of the vale is largely made up of clay that was formed at the end of the ice age . In the 2011 UK census the population of Aylesbury Vale was 174,900. In the 2001 UK census the population of Aylesbury Vale was 165,748, representing an increase since 1991 of 18,600 people. About half of those live in the county town Aylesbury. Aylesbury Vale was administered as

2714-399: The largest of water regions known as oceans . There are also significant regions that do not belong to either classification, such as archipelago regions that are littoral regions, or earthquake regions that are defined in geology . Continental regions are usually based on broad experiences in human history and attempt to reduce very large areas to more manageable regionalization for

2773-484: The major focus of human geography is not the physical landscape of the Earth (see physical geography ), it is hardly possible to discuss human geography without referring to the physical landscape on which human activities are being played out, and environmental geography is emerging as a link between the two. Regions of human geography can be divided into many broad categories: The field of historical geography involves

2832-604: The name of a type of subnational administrative unit: The Canadian province of Québec also uses the "administrative region" ( région administrative ). Scotland had local government regions from 1975 to 1996. In Spain the official name of the autonomous community of Murcia is Región de Murcia . Also, some single-province autonomous communities such as Madrid use the term región interchangeably with comunidad autónoma . Two län (counties) in Sweden are officially called 'regions': Skåne and Västra Götaland , and there

2891-433: The northern end of platform 3, is the largest surviving Great Western Railway signal box in the country. It closed in 1991, when modernisation of the line moved signalling operations to Marylebone; it became a Grade II listed building after a successful public campaign to save it from demolition. The Chinnor and Princes Risborough Railway Association were granted an agreement with National Rail allowing them to maintain

2950-500: The old down platform road, in a manner similar to that at West Ruislip . Fragments of the original down platform are still visible at the station. The up through road, removed from service as part of previous drastic running-down of the route which left only two usable platforms, was restored in September 2011 as part of Chiltern's Evergreen 3 upgrade project. Built in 1904, Princes Risborough North signal box, located towards

3009-521: The purpose of the study. As such they are conceptual constructs, usually lacking distinct boundaries. The oceanic division into maritime regions is used in conjunction with the relationship to the central area of the continent, using directions of the compass . Some continental regions are defined by the major continental feature of their identity, such as the Amazon basin , or the Sahara , which both occupy

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3068-442: The regions and subregions are described by the discipline of ethnography . Global regions are distinguishable from space, and are therefore clearly distinguished by the two basic terrestrial environments, land and water . However, they have been generally recognized as such much earlier by terrestrial cartography because of their impact on human geography. They are divided into the largest of land regions, known as continents and

3127-724: The right hand end on the platform elevation, the design was the same as West Wycombe, Bledlow and Wheatley, and also on the original part of the Wycombe railway Cookham, Marlow Road, Wooburn Green and Loudwater. A branch of the Wycombe Railway was opened from Princes Risborough to Aylesbury on 1 October 1863. The Wycombe Railway was worked by the Great Western Railway and was absorbed by that railway in 1867. The Watlington and Princes Risborough Railway opened its line on 15 August 1872; this railway became part of

3186-689: The route to Oxford via Thame closed on 7 January 1963; services over the GCR route ceased on 5 September 1966, this left the present network of two lines to the north to Banbury and to Aylesbury. The station was transferred from the Western Region of British Rail to the London Midland Region on 24 March 1974. Chiltern Railways considered reinstating the Wycombe Railway 's Oxford extension via Thame, but instead constructed

3245-668: The station for use by passengers when the ticket office is closed or busy. There are also departure screens located on all three platforms and inside the waiting room. The station has a waiting room, toilet facilities and step free access to all parts of the station; passengers reach platform 3 via lifts at either end of the footbridge. There is also a café. Princes Risborough station currently has four platforms: The weekday off-peak service consists of two trains per hour eastbound to London Marylebone and two trains per hour westbound to Oxford , with occasional peak-time calls from services to Banbury and Birmingham Snow Hill . Additionally,

3304-425: The study of human history as it relates to places and regions , or the study of how places and regions have changed over time. D. W. Meinig , a historical geographer of America, describes many historical regions in his book The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History . For example, in identifying European "source regions" in early American colonization efforts, he defines and describes

3363-470: Was absorbed into the new unitary Buckinghamshire Council on 1 April 2020. There are 111 civil parishes in the area of the former non-metropolitan district: 84 with a parish council, including three town councils ( Aylesbury , Buckingham and Winslow ), and a further 27 operating with a Parish meeting, see list of civil parishes in Aylesbury Vale . The Aylesbury Vale countryside is described in

3422-410: Was added when the Watlington branch was opened in 1872, although there was only a single track between the two platforms. In 1892, a new signal box was brought into use and a new passing loop, so the second platform was rebuilt with two tracks between them. A footbridge was also provided at this time. The Great Western & Great Central Joint Committee was created with the dual objective of providing

3481-430: Was the Wycombe Railway , which opened its Oxford extension from High Wycombe as far as Thame on 1 August 1862. There were three intermediate stations on this section: West Wycombe, Princes Risborough and Bledlow . The cost of construction of the station building was £1,104 9s 5d and additional general costs were £824 8s 0d. The station building as built was a typical Wycombe railway design with an open porch at

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