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91-752: The series was developed by Mark Burnett and Robert Rodriguez and produced by United Artists, MGM Television , and One Three Media. It premiered on October 29, 2014 and aired until November 7, 2018, consisting of four seasons for a total of 127 episodes. It was set and filmed in Boyle Heights and Downtown Los Angeles , California , while the series later forged creative and production partnerships with other North American promotions. Lucha Underground received generally positive reviews throughout its run, with praise for its action, characters, and cinematic presentation, with critics noting its in-universe style and departure from depicting professional wrestling as

182-412: A legitimate sporting contest . The series had moderate viewership in its first two seasons, but the third and fourth season saw fluctuations in viewership after it was made available on Netflix prior to the fourth season premiere. The series was eventually cancelled due to budget concerns. In January 2014, it was confirmed Mark Burnett would partner with Robert Rodriguez 's El Rey Network to launch

273-444: A referral link to purchase the game—receiving a 5% commission. Users also received a "Twitch Crate" on every purchase, which included Bits and a collection of random chat emotes. In August 2017, Twitch announced it had acquired video indexing platform ClipMine. On August 20, 2018, Twitch announced that it will no longer offer advertising-free access to the entire service to Amazon Prime subscribers, with this privilege requiring

364-433: A spiritual successor to Lucha Underground . Mark Burnett James Mark Burnett (born 17 July 1960) is a British television producer who has won 13 Emmy Awards including 10 Primetime, one Sports Emmy Award and two Daytime Emmy Awards. His other accolades include five Producers Guild of America Awards , twelve Critics' Choice Television Awards , and ten People's Choice Awards . From 2013 to 2017, Burnett

455-614: A "Discovery Feed" feature in its mobile apps, populated by "featured" clips from followed users. In October 2023, Twitch began to implement stories . At TwitchCon 2023, Twitch announced upcoming updates to its Guest Star feature (concurrently renamed "Stream Together") to allow for merged chat rooms, and that streamers under an affiliation or partnership agreement with the service (unless contractually required) would be allowed to simulcast their streams on competing platforms such as YouTube, as opposed to only mobile-centric video platforms. On December 6, 2023, Twitch announced that it would exit

546-560: A 2% stake at the time of the acquisition, made a windfall of $ 22 million. Under Amazon, Shear continued as chief executive officer of Twitch Interactive, with Sara Clemens added to the executive team as chief operating officer in January 2018. Shear touted the Amazon Web Services platform as an "attractive" aspect of the deal, and that Amazon had "built relationships with the big players in media", which could be used to

637-492: A 55 percent interest in One Three Media and LightWorkers Media . The two companies were consolidated into a new film and television company, United Artists Media Group , which was then acquired fully by MGM in 2015. In December 2015, Burnett was named president of MGM Television and Digital Group, signing a five-year deal. Burnett's appointment was set up to occur simultaneously with the closing of MGM's acquisition of

728-541: A Safety Advisory Council in May 2020, made up from streamers, academics, and think tanks , with a goal to develop guidelines for moderation, work-life balance, and safeguarding the interests of marginalized communities for the platform. The announcement attracted controversy, and CEO Emmett Shear later clarified that the role of the council was purely advisory. On June 22, 2020, Twitch Interactive sold CurseForge to Overwolf for an undisclosed sum. In August 2020, Twitch Prime

819-455: A comfortable margin overall in December [2019]. While the category has been on the rise for the last couple of months, this was the first time that it's actually achieved No. 1 overall for a tracked period on the platform". In 2020, Thrillist described Twitch as "talk radio for the extremely online ". Michael Espinosa, for Business Insider in 2021, highlighted that "Twitch dominates

910-568: A copyright fingerprinting system that would mute audio in archived clips if it detected a copyrighted song in the stream. On August 25, 2014, Amazon acquired Twitch Interactive for US$ 970 million in an all-cash deal . Sources reported that the rumoured Google deal had fallen through and allowed Amazon to make the bid, with Forbes reporting that Google had backed out of the deal due to potential antitrust concerns surrounding it and its existing ownership of YouTube. The acquisition closed on September 25, 2014. Take-Two Interactive , which owned

1001-605: A fence at Venice Beach in Los Angeles , and sold T-shirts for $ 18 each during weekends. Realizing he made more money selling T-shirts, he left his insurance job. In 1991, Burnett and four others joined a French adventure competition, the Raid Gauloises . Afterward, Burnett saw a business opportunity in holding similar competitions. He purchased the format rights and brought a similar competition, Eco-Challenge , to America. Eco-Challenge launched Burnett's career as

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1092-547: A job under real estate magnate and later US President Donald Trump . Burnett has produced several other television franchises including Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? , Shark Tank , The Voice , Beat Shazam , Coupled , and TKO: Total Knock Out . Past shows include Celebrity Apprentice (NBC), Bully Beatdown , Combat Missions , The Contender , The Contender Asia , Expedition Africa , Expedition Impossible , How'd You Get So Rich? , Martha Stewart , My Dad Is Better than Your Dad , On

1183-406: A joint promotional event on Twitch on April 6. The fourth season premiered on June 13, and concluded on November 7, after which producer Eric van Wagenen stated that the series had amassed budget concerns, and would require "a major reboot on a lot of levels" to produce a fifth season. A fifth season was not produced in 2019, and in a 2020 interview with Chris Van Vliet , Vampiro stated the series

1274-480: A judgment for legal separation was granted in December 2003; they divorced in 2006. In January 2004, Burnett began dating Roma Downey . In November 2006, while the two were vacationing with their children in Zihuatanejo , Mexico , he proposed to her. They wed on 28 April 2007 in their Malibu home. The ceremony was officiated by Downey's former co-star, Della Reese . In 2004, Time called Burnett one of

1365-657: A live performance from a nightclub in Ibiza . In January 2015, Twitch introduced an official category for music streams, such as radio shows and music production activities, and in March 2015, announced that it would become the new official live-streaming partner of the Ultra Music Festival , an electronic music festival in Miami . On October 28, 2015, Twitch launched a second non-gaming category, "Creative", which

1456-511: A nanny, Burnett went on the interview. The Jaegers, realizing the advantage of having a nanny and security at the same time, hired him. After a year of working for the Jaegers, he moved on to another family in Malibu, California , taking care of two boys for $ 250 a week. He was eventually given a position in the insurance office owned by the boys' father. Two years later, Burnett rented a portion of

1547-580: A new Video Manager interface for managing past broadcasts and compiling "highlights" from broadcasts that can also be exported to YouTube . Due to technological limitations and resource requirements, the new system contained several regressions; the option to archive complete broadcasts on an indefinite basis ("save forever") was removed, meaning that they can only be retained for a maximum of 14 days, or 60 for partners and Turbo subscribers. While compiled highlights can be archived indefinitely, they were limited to two hours in length. In addition, Twitch introduced

1638-537: A participatory experience, the broadcaster has created an entertainment hybrid custom made for the Twitch community. This is a wonderful proof of concept that we hope to see more of in the future." Beginning with its 2014 edition , Twitch was made the official live-streaming platform of the Electronic Entertainment Expo . On May 18, 2014, Variety first reported that Google had reached

1729-432: A preliminary deal to acquire Twitch through its YouTube subsidiary for approximately US$ 1 billion . On August 5, 2014, the original Justin.tv site suddenly ceased operations, citing a need to focus resources entirely on Twitch. On August 6, 2014, Twitch introduced an updated archive system, with multi-platform access to highlights from past broadcasts by a channel, higher quality video, increased server backups, and

1820-496: A semi-automated chat moderation tool ( AutoMod ), which uses natural language processing and machine learning to set aside potentially unwanted content for human review. In February 2017, Twitch announced the Twitch Game Store, a digital distribution platform that would expose digital purchases of games within the site's browsing interface. When streaming games available on the store, partnered channels could display

1911-497: A server misconfiguration used by a "malicious third party". While Twitch found no indication of login credentials or credit card information to have been taken in the breach, the company reset all stream keys as a precaution. On August 23, 2022, Twitch announced that it would no longer enforce its exclusivity agreement, allowing Twitch streamers to livestream on other streaming platforms. The announcement noted that simulcasting on Twitch and other "Twitch-like" streaming platforms

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2002-468: A service which provides premium features that are exclusive to users who have an active Amazon Prime subscription. This included advertising-free streaming, monthly offers of free add-on content ("Game Loot"), and game discounts. Games included with the game loot rewards were Apex Legends , Legends of Runeterra , FIFA Ultimate Team , Teamfight Tactics , Mobile Legends: Bang Bang , Doom Eternal , and more. In December 2016, Twitch announced

2093-612: A strong presence in award show franchises, having produced the MTV Movie Awards (2007–2011), the annual People's Choice Awards (2010–2017), the Spike Video Game Awards (2011 & 2012) and the 2011 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards . Burnett has produced more than 3,200 hours of television programming which regularly airs in more than 70 countries. Variety recognized Burnett and his wife Roma Downey as "trailblazers". Both of them were also named among

2184-509: A television producer. Burnett first produced the expedition race show Eco-Challenge in 1995. This led to the hit reality show Survivor which premiered in the summer of 2000, and was the most watched summer series since Sonny & Cher . Survivor was named the Number 1 reality series of all time by Entertainment Weekly in 2009. In 2004, NBC premiered The Apprentice , a reality television series in which contestants competed for

2275-694: A two-year deal in June 2017 to make Twitch be the exclusive streaming broadcaster of select Blizzard esports championship events, with viewers under Twitch Prime earning special rewards in various Blizzard games. Twitch also reached a deal in 2018 to be the streaming partner of the Overwatch League , with the site also offering an "All-Access Pass" with exclusive content, emotes, and in-game items for Overwatch . Blizzard switched to rival platform YouTube in 2020. Fortnite Battle Royale competitions have aired on Twitch since its launch in 2017, including

2366-518: A weekly hour-long professional wrestling television series in the second half of the year; it would be affiliated with the Mexican wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA). In July, it was tentatively titled Lucha: Uprising , before officially announced as Lucha Underground in August, with AAA wrestlers Blue Demon Jr. , Pentagón Jr. , Sexy Star , Fénix , and Drago joining the cast. It

2457-987: Is ZEvent , a French project created by Adrien Nougaret and Alexandre Dachary, with more than US$ 10 million raised for Action Contre la Faim in October 2021. ESL tournaments have aired on Justin.tv and later Twitch.tv since 2009. The platform has also been a longtime broadcaster of the Evolution Championship Series . Twitch has been the official broadcaster of the League of Legends World Championship since 2012, as well as other League of Legends tournaments organized by Riot Games . Dota 2 's premier tournament The International has been livestreamed on Twitch since 2013. The platform airs Rocket League tournaments organized by Psyonix since 2016. The ELeague also broadcasts events on Twitch since 2016. Twitch and Blizzard Entertainment signed

2548-410: Is an American video live-streaming service that focuses on video game live streaming , including broadcasts of esports competitions, in addition to offering music broadcasts, creative content, and "in real life " streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon . It was introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform Justin.tv . Content on

2639-404: Is designed for content within Twitch guidelines that does not fall within any of the other established categories on the site (such as lifelogs ). GeekWire reported that "while gameplay still makes up the vast majority of the content broadcast via Twitch, the 'Just Chatting' category—a catch-all term that encompasses anything from candid conversation to reality programming—took the top spot by

2730-512: Is intended for streams showcasing the creation of artistic and creative works. To promote the launch, the service also streamed an eight-day marathon of Bob Ross ' The Joy of Painting . In July 2016, Twitch launched "Social eating" as a beta; it was inspired by the Korean phenomenon of mukbang and Korean players having engaged in the practice as intermissions on their gaming streams. In March 2017, Twitch added an "IRL" category, which

2821-598: Is the executive producer of five network television shows: Generation Gap (ABC), Beat Shazam (FOX), Shark Tank (ABC), Survivor (CBS) and The Voice (NBC). Burnett is also the executive producer of the cable series Lucha Underground (The El Rey Network) and The Contender (EPIX). In 2017, Burnett had timeslot winning shows on six nights out of seven. Moreover, as Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television, he oversees scripted television shows including, Fargo (FX), The Handmaid's Tale (Hulu), Vikings and Vikings: Valhalla (Netflix). Burnett's first wife

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2912-671: The British Academy of Film and Television Arts . In November 2007, Burnett was elected into the Broadcast & Cable Hall of Fame and in 2008, it was announced that he would be honoured with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . On 8 July 2009, Burnett received a star at 6664 Hollywood Blvd. In June 2011, Burnett was elected into the Producers Guild of America Council Board of Delegates and currently serves on

3003-567: The E3 2018 Fortnite Pro-Am and the 2019 Fortnite World Cup . The NBA 2K League has been livestreamed on Twitch since its inception in 2018. As the COVID-19 pandemic suspended motorsports competitions around the world, several series launched sim racing competitions with real-life professional drivers. Some series had official broadcasts on Twitch, such as Formula One and IMSA . Many drivers also had their personal live streams on Twitch, as

3094-688: The Falklands War and Northern Ireland . After his service, he initially planned to go to Central America and work as a " weapons and tactics adviser ". In October 1982, Burnett immigrated to the United States, where his friend Nick Hill, who had emigrated from the UK earlier, was working as a nanny and chauffeur . Hill knew of an open position for a live-in nanny with the Jaeger family in affluent Beverly Hills . Despite having no experience as

3185-412: The tech and digital media sectors. In October 2024, Twitch's longtime head of music Cindy Charles died. Twitch is designed to be a platform for content, including esports tournaments, personal streams of individual players, and gaming-related talk shows. A number of channels do live speedrunning . The Twitch homepage currently displays games based on viewership. As of June 2018, some of

3276-498: The "Azteca" stable, with Cesar Duran (the former Dario Cueto) and other Lucha Underground alumni appearing for the promotion. The stable would later become the central focus of MLW's mini-series, Fusion: Alpha , which premiered on September 22, 2021. Elements of Lucha Underground have since continued to appear in MLW programming, with the promotion also holding various Azteca-branded events. The Azteca concept has been described as

3367-562: The "Most Influential People" by The Hollywood Reporter . In February 2016, Downey and Burnett gave the keynote address at the National Prayer Breakfast , and Burnett returned the following year to give remarks following his invitation from President and The Apprentice presenter Donald Trump . Burnett was born on 17 July 1960 in London , the only child of Archie and Jean Burnett, both Ford Motor factory workers, and

3458-554: The 2015 Critics' Choice Television Awards, at which Shark Tank won for Best Reality Series. In 2014, Burnett was named the "Number 1 Reality Producer" on The Hollywood Reporter Reality Power List. In 2014, Burnett and his wife Roma Downey were recipients of the Anti-Defamation League 's Entertainment Industry Award. He and Downey are heavily involved with philanthropic organizations Operation Smile and Compassion International . In 2015, they partnered with

3549-632: The Game Store service, citing that it did not generate as much additional revenue for partners as they hoped, and new revenue opportunities such as Amazon Blacksmith. Users retain access to their purchased games. On December 12, 2018, Fandom, Inc. had reached an agreement to acquire Curse Media , a spin-off of Curse, from Twitch Interactive for an undisclosed amount. Curse was dissolved and its assets were moved under Twitch Interactive. Twitch's new headquarters at 350 Bush Street opened in August 2019. To comply with historic preservation requirements,

3640-695: The Institute for Global Engagement to launch the Cradle Fund (TCF). TCF is focused on raising $ 25 million to help Middle Eastern minorities displaced by ISIS to return to a home where they can practice their faith without fear. As of 2019, they have helped more than 10,000 displaced Christian refugees to relocate. Special Awards Burnett has been nominated for many television industry awards between 1999 and 2018, including Emmy Awards, Critics Choice Awards, Producers Guild of America Awards, and People's Choice Awards. Twitch (service) Twitch

3731-566: The Lot (a collaboration with Steven Spielberg), Pirate Master , The Restaurant , Rock Star , Sarah Palin's Alaska , Stars Earn Stripes , Starmaker , Toughest Cowboy and Wedding Day . Burnett and his wife, actress Roma Downey , produced The Bible , a ten-hour History Channel drama based upon stories of the Bible . The Bible became the No. 1 new series on cable TV in 2013 and

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3822-878: The Most Influential People in the World Today. Burnett was also named "Philanthropist of the Year" by the Reality Cares Foundation. He has won both Brandweek 's "Marketer of the Year Award", the prestigious Rose d'Or Frapa Format Award , the Brandon Tartikoff Legacy Award and the Norman Lear Award from the Producers Guild of America . Burnett served for two years on the board of directors for

3913-1015: The Producers Council. He is an ambassador for Operation Smile . In 2013, the ten-hour mini-series The Bible received the Parents Television Council 2013 Seal of Approval. Shark Tank , The Voice and Survivor were all nominated for Critics Choice Awards, at which The Voice won for Best Reality Series – Competition. The three shows were nominated for the Television Critics Association Awards , at which Shark Tank won for Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming. In 2013, The Voice , Shark Tank , and The Bible were nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards ; The Voice won for Outstanding Reality – Competition Program. The Voice and Shark Tank were nominated at

4004-657: The South Korea market effective February 27, 2024, citing the prohibitive costs of offering the service in the country. Due to demands from internet service providers that Twitch pay network access fees, Twitch restricted streams to 720p quality in September 2022, and blocked access to video-on-demand (VOD) content (including archived broadcasts and clips) in February 2023. Users in South Korea will no longer be allowed to monetize their streams, and will be offboarded from

4095-788: The WWE as Santos Escobar), had filed a lawsuit in California against the El Rey Network and the Baba-G production company that made Lucha Underground . The lawsuit claimed that Lucha Underground's contracts "illegally restricted" wrestlers from working in their "lawful profession," by blocking them working for other wrestling companies until their multi-year contracts expired. Production of the series ended in less than 4 years, despite producers signing some original cast member wrestlers to 5-year, exclusive contracts. Alcantar stated that wrestler pay

4186-583: The affiliate and partnership programs. In February 2024, Twitch was additionally fined ₩ 435 million ($ 327,067) by the Korea Telecommunications Commission, deeming Twitch's degradation of service in the country to be unjustified and undermining the interests of users. In January 2024, Twitch announced another mass layoff , affecting 500 employees or 35% of total staff, after previous layoffs in early 2023. The announcement came amid ongoing struggles and ensuing layoffs across

4277-549: The announcement. After the announcement, many high-profile streamers who were limited by exclusivity, such as Ninja and Pokimane, started streaming on other platforms. On September 21, 2022, Twitch announced it would be reducing the subscription revenue earned by large streamers. Though most streamers get a 50% of revenue from subscriptions, some larger streamers have premium subscription terms, which give them 70% of subscription revenue. The new change, set to take effect on June 1, 2023, would mean premium streamers would keep 70% of

4368-411: The channel reached over 6.5 million total views and averaged concurrent viewership between 60 and 70,000 viewers with at least 10% participating. Vice President of Marketing Matthew DiPietro praised the stream as "one more example of how video games have become a platform for entertainment and creativity that extends WAY beyond the original intent of the game creator. By merging a video game, live video and

4459-485: The class, seeking to invalidate their contracts. As of March 26, 2019, all lawsuits had been settled in the wrestlers' favor, and they were freed from their contracts. In the Fall of 2020, Major League Wrestling (MLW) began incorporating story elements from Lucha Underground into an angle on their weekly television series, MLW Fusion . Talent formerly associated with Lucha Underground were brought into MLW as part of

4550-533: The company expanded its cable television productions through the acquisitions of Evolution Media ( Botched , The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills , The Real Housewives of Orange County ) and of Big Fish Entertainment ( Live PD and Black Ink Crew ). Burnett has co-created the Christian media series The Bible and A.D. The Bible Continues , and produced the feature films Son of God , Little Boy , Woodlawn , and Ben-Hur . He has maintained

4641-595: The company. On June 6, 2023, Twitch announced restrictions on third-party sponsor placements in streams, including restricting the size of sponsor logos, and prohibiting "burned-in" audio, video, or display advertising. The changes were met with criticism from major streamers such as Asmongold (who threatened to leave the service), Cr1TiKaL , and Zentreya due to their broad wording, concerns that it would impact streamers' existing relationships with advertisers, and their impact on charity and esports events that rely extensively on sponsorship. The service quickly retracted

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4732-444: The database service to improve its own internal search features and help users find games they are interested in. On September 26, 2019, Twitch unveiled a new logo and updated site design. The design is accompanied by a new advertising campaign, "You're already one of us", which will seek to promote the platform's community members. Twitch began signing exclusivity deals with high-profile streamers in December 2019. Twitch introduced

4823-425: The decrease in buffering . On February 10, 2014, Twitch's parent company (Justin.tv, Inc.) was renamed Twitch Interactive, reflecting the increased prominence of the service over Justin.tv as the company's main business. That same month, a stream known as Twitch Plays Pokémon , a crowdsourced attempt to play Pokémon Red using a system translating chat commands into game controls, went viral. By February 17,

4914-623: The developer kept the front facade of the San Francisco Curb Exchange , but tore down everything behind the facade, and built a reconstruction of the old trading hall through which visitors must walk to reach the modern high-rise office tower behind it. Twitch acquired the Internet Games Database (IGDb), a user-driven website similar in functionality to Internet Movie Database (IMDb) to catalog details of video games in September 2019. Twitch plans to use

5005-427: The first $ 100,000 earned from subscriptions, after which their cut would be lowered to 50%. The announcement came after Twitch declined a popular request for all streamers to have 70% subscription revenue, which many noted is the same revenue already offered by YouTube. Twitch President Dan Clancy justified the change in a statement issued on Twitch's blog, stating it was done to cover Twitch's operating costs, noting

5096-419: The influx of venture funding, it was believed in 2013 that the company had become profitable. Especially since the shutdown of its direct competitor Own3d.tv in early 2013, Twitch has become the most popular e-sports streaming service by a large margin, leading some to conclude that the website has a "near monopoly on the market". Competing video services, such as YouTube and Dailymotion , began to increase

5187-533: The instructor in real time. Twitch is also used for software development learning, with communities of users streaming programming projects and talking through their work. Broadcasters on Twitch often host streams promoting and raising money towards charity. By 2013, the website has hosted events which, in total, raised over US$ 8 million in donations for charitable causes, such as Extra Life 2013. As of 2017, Twitch has raised over US$ 75 million in donations for charitable causes. The biggest charity event of Twitch

5278-459: The leading live-streaming video service for video games in the US, and had an advantage over YouTube Gaming , which shut down its standalone app in May 2019. As of February 2020, it had three million broadcasters monthly and 15 million active users daily, with 1.4 million average concurrent users . As of May 2018, Twitch had over 27,000 partner channels. As of October 2023, Twitch

5369-411: The leak, which includes source code from almost 6,000 internal Git repositories , is also "part one" of a larger release. The leak also included details of plans for a digital storefront under the codename of "Vapor" meant to be a competitor to Steam along with details on payment received by streamers for their work on Twitch. Twitch verified they had suffered a data leak which they attributed to

5460-435: The live content space, with 17 billion hours watched last year (per StreamElements), compared to YouTube Gaming Live's 10 billion (per the company). But the vast majority of gaming content is still consumed on-demand, where YouTube is the clear leader with over 100 billion hours watched last year". Twitch is often used for video game tutorials; the nature of Twitch allows mass numbers of learners to interact with each other and

5551-569: The most popular games streamed on Twitch are Fortnite , Grand Theft Auto V , League of Legends , Dota 2 , PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds , Hearthstone , Overwatch and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive with a combined total of over 356 million hours watched. Twitch has also made expansions into non-gaming content; such as in July 2013, the site streamed a performance of 'Fester's Feast' from San Diego Comic-Con , and on July 30, 2014, electronic dance music act Steve Aoki broadcast

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5642-445: The new branded content policy and announced that it would be clarified, stating that it was intended to "clarify our existing ads policy that was intended to prohibit third party ad networks from selling burned in video and display ads on Twitch, which is consistent with other services", and that Twitch "[does] not intend to limit streamers' ability to enter into direct relationships with sponsors." In August 2023, Twitch began to trial

5733-438: The pilot episode. Prince Puma was the first Lucha Underground Champion after winning the first Aztec Warfare match on January 7, 2015. On April 22, Ivelisse , Son of Havoc , and Angélico became the first Lucha Underground Trios Champions after winning the inaugural Trios Tournament. The season's two-part finale, Ultima Lucha , which doubled as the promotion's first annual special event, received acclaim. Lucha Underground

5824-405: The premium 70% split stopped being offered to new streamers over a year prior, and pointing to alternate streamer revenue sources that would not be affected by the subscription revenue reductions, such as Prime Subs or advertisement breaks. Though Clancy claimed 90% of streamers would not be affected by the revenue reduction, the change drew criticism from many streamers, who viewed it as harmful to

5915-672: The prominence of their gaming content to compete, but have had a much smaller impact so far. As of mid-2013, there were over 43 million viewers on Twitch monthly, with the average viewer watching an hour and a half a day. By February 2014, Twitch was the fourth largest source of Internet traffic during peak times in the United States, behind Netflix , Google , and Apple . Twitch made up 1.8% of total US Internet traffic during peak periods. In late 2013, particularly due to increasing viewership, Twitch had issues with lag and low frame rates in Europe. Twitch has subsequently added new servers in

6006-408: The region. Also in order to address these problems, Twitch implemented a new video system shown to be more efficient than the previous system. Initially, the new video system was criticized by users because it caused a significant stream delay, interfering with broadcaster–viewer interaction. Twitch staff said that the increased delay was likely temporary and at the time, was an acceptable tradeoff for

6097-940: The remaining 45 percent of Hearst's, Burnett's and Roma Downey's interests in United Artists Media Group (UAMG), which would be absorbed under the MGM Television Group umbrella. MGM Television would now have numerous unscripted and scripted television shows airing on network and cable or in production, including: The Voice (NBC); Survivor (CBS); Shark Tank (ABC); Beyond the Tank (ABC); Celebrity Apprentice (NBC); Fargo (FX); Vikings (HISTORY); Teen Wolf (MTV); 500 Questions (ABC); The People's Choice Awards (CBS); LIGHT TV , Lucha Underground (El Rey Network) and America's Greatest Makers (INTEL/Turner). In June 2018, MGM appointed Burnett as Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television. As of 2024, Burnett

6188-477: The security of streaming careers and more beneficial to Twitch and its advertisers than their users, with several streamers expressing doubt at Clancy's claims of Twitch's high operating costs, and noting that Twitch already has alternative revenue sources that make reducing streamer revenue unnecessary. The announcement led to some streamers considering leaving Twitch or organizing boycotts. In December 2022, Amazon Senior Vice President Jeff Blackburn retired and

6279-417: The separate "Twitch Turbo" subscription or an individual channel subscription. This privilege ended for new customers effective September 14, 2018, and for existing customers October 2018. In October 2018, Twitch announced Amazon Blacksmith, a new extension allowing broadcasters to configure displays of products associated with their streams with Amazon affiliate links. On November 27, 2018, Twitch discontinued

6370-469: The service reported that someone had gained "unauthorised access" to the user information of some Twitch users. In June 2016, Twitch added a new feature known as "Cheering", a special form of emoticon purchased as a microtransaction using an in-site currency known as "Bits". Bits are bought using Amazon Payments , and cheers act as donations to the channel. Users also earn badges within a channel based on how much they have cheered. On August 1, 2016, it

6461-539: The service's advantage—particularly in the realm of content licensing. The purchase of Twitch marked the third recent video gaming–oriented acquisition by Amazon, which had previously acquired the developers Reflexive Entertainment and Double Helix Games . On December 9, 2014, Twitch announced it had acquired GoodGame Agency, an organisation that owns the esports teams Evil Geniuses and Alliance . In March 2015, Twitch reset all user passwords and disabled all connections to external Twitter and YouTube accounts after

6552-431: The site can be viewed either live or via video on demand . The games shown on Twitch's current homepage are listed according to audience preference and include genres such as real-time strategy games (RTS), fighting games, racing games, and first-person shooters. The popularity of Twitch eclipsed that of its general-interest counterpart. In October 2013, the website had 45 million unique viewers, and by February 2014, it

6643-503: The site was divided into several content categories. The gaming category grew especially fast, and became the most popular content on the site. In June 2011, the company decided to spin off the gaming content as TwitchTV, inspired by the term twitch gameplay . It launched officially in public beta on June 6, 2011. Since then, Twitch has attracted more than 35 million unique visitors a month. Twitch had about 80 employees in June 2013, which increased to 100 by December 2013. The company

6734-476: The video game accessibility charities AbleGamers and SpecialEffect , and the LGBT organizations GLAAD and The Trevor Project . On October 6, 2021, an anonymous hacker reportedly leaked "the entirety" of Twitch, including its source code of the Twitch client and APIs, and details of the payouts made to almost 2.4 million streamers since August 2019. The user posted a 128GB torrent link to 4chan and said that

6825-437: The year award, ending Pro Wrestling Guerrilla 's 12 year streak of winning the award. In comparison to WWE , Sports Illustrated described the promotion as "vastly different", with the show creating a "cinematic approach with supernatural elements and science fiction that also embeds wrestling psychology and storylines". On February 6, 2019, it was reported that Jorge Luis Alcantar , who played King Cuerno (now wrestles in

6916-589: Was Kym Gold , but that marriage only lasted about a year. Before that marriage ended he met Dianne J. Burnett ( née Valentine) and they married in 1992; they have two sons together, James and Cameron. In 2014, Cameron survived a neuroendocrine tumor at the age of 17, had brain surgery and had to learn to walk again. Cameron was awarded the 2015 Courage Award at the Visionary Ball which raises money each year for UCLA 's Department of Neurosurgery. The couple filed for legal separation in September 2002, and

7007-518: Was also represented by different teams at three editions of the Lucha Libre World Cup , between 2015 and 2017 . On November 10, 2017, it was announced that Lucha Underground had been renewed for a fourth season to premiere in 2018. In February 2018, filming of the series was moved to Downtown Los Angeles . The following month it was announced that the promotion had entered into a working relationship with Impact Wrestling , holding

7098-528: Was considered the fourth-largest source of peak Internet traffic in the United States. At the same time, Justin.tv's parent company was re-branded as Twitch Interactive to represent the shift in focus when Justin.tv was getting shut down in August 2014. The same month, the service was acquired by Amazon for US$ 970 million, which later led to the introduction of synergies with the company's subscription service Amazon Prime . By 2015, Twitch had more than 100 million viewers per month. In 2017, Twitch remained

7189-503: Was effectively cancelled, and the promotion dissolved. Lucha Underground was well received by critics. John Moore, from ProWrestling.net, praised the show for "[knowing] their identity and [weaving] together an amazing universe". Lucha Underground has also gained praise from media sites like Uproxx, which said Lucha Underground had two of the top ten matches of 2015. In 2015, the show was featured on ESPN 's SportsCenter and won SoCal Uncensored's 2015 Southern California promotion of

7280-492: Was headquartered in San Francisco's Financial District . Twitch has been supported by significant investments of venture capital , with US$ 15 million in 2012 (on top of US$ 7 million originally raised for Justin.tv), and US$ 20 million in 2013. Investors during three rounds of fund raising leading up to the end of 2013 included Draper Associates , Bessemer Venture Partners and Thrive Capital . In addition to

7371-552: Was listed on Variety500, an index of the 500 most influential business leaders shaping the global media industry. Burnett served as President of United Artist from 2014-2018 and as chairman of MGM Worldwide Television Group from 2018 to 2022. He created and or produced the television shows The Apprentice , Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? , Shark Tank , Survivor , The Voice , Beat Shazam , The Martha Stewart Show and Generation Gap . Burnett first joined MGM in 2013. After his promotion to chairman in 2018,

7462-609: Was raised in Dagenham , Essex . His father was a Roman Catholic Glaswegian and his mother was a Presbyterian ; it is not known in which denomination he was raised. At the age of 17, he enlisted in the British Army , and in the rank of corporal became a Section Commander in the Parachute Regiment . From 1978 to 1982 he served with the 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment in C Company and saw action during

7553-529: Was renamed Prime Gaming, aligning it closer with the Amazon Prime family of services. In 2020, Twitch sold Union For Gamers to Magic Find. In May 2021, Twitch announced that it would introduce over 350 new tags to categorize streams, including finer tags for gender identity , sexual identity , and disabilities , as well as tags for other types of themes (such as virtual streamers ). The disability and LGBT-oriented tags were developed in consultation with

7644-521: Was replaced by Steve Boom as Vice President of Audio, Twitch, and Games. Twitch CEO Dan Clancy reports directly to Boom. In March 2023, Clancy became CEO of Twitch, after previous CEO and Justin.tv co-founder Emmett Shear announced he would step down after 16 years at the company. Both Shear and Clancy have been described as "more product-focused than creator-focused". On March 20, Clancy announced that Twitch would be laying off 400 employees, as part of Amazon-wide layoffs affecting 9,000 workers across

7735-534: Was reported that Twitch had signed a lease for 185,000 square feet (17,187 m ) in a new office tower to be constructed at 350 Bush Street in San Francisco. On August 16, 2016, Twitch acquired Curse LLC , an operator of online video gaming communities and gaming-oriented VoIP software. In December 2016, GoodGame Agency was divested by Amazon to their respective members due to conflict of interest concerns. On September 30, 2016, Twitch announced Twitch Prime,

7826-403: Was still prohibited; however, an exemption to the simulcasting restriction was applied to short-form streaming platforms such as Instagram and TikTok . Despite the specific mention of restrictions on simulcasting, former Twitch employees noted that Twitch would likely not enforce the restriction, as doing so would be very difficult, and they had not been enforcing it for several months prior to

7917-819: Was subsequently renewed for a second season on September 21, 2015. The second season began production on November 14, 2015, and premiered on January 27, 2016. Prior to filming, it was leaked the series had been renewed for a third season; El Rey announced the renewal on February 1, 2016. During this period, the Lucha Underground promotion began a collaborative partnership with the International Wrestling Syndicate (IWS), and held its first touring event, Austin Warfare, in Austin, Texas , as part of South by Southwest in 2016. The promotion

8008-470: Was the 37th-most-visited website in the world with 20.26% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by Germany with 7.08% and South Korea with 5.49%. In late 2023, Twitch announced that they would stop operating in South Korea in 2024 because of its network fee policy , citing prohibitive costs. When Justin.tv was launched in 2007 by Justin Kan and Emmett Shear , two recent Yale graduates,

8099-460: Was the No. 1 series in Canada, Spain and Portugal. In total, with subsequent airings, The Bible was seen by more than 100 million viewers. After the success of The Bible , Burnett and Downey started developing more faith-based scripted series. A.D. The Bible Continues premiered on NBC on Easter Sunday 2015, and The Dovekeepers miniseries aired on CBS in 2015. In September 2014, MGM acquired

8190-465: Was to be narrated by Matt Striker and Vampiro and began filming on September 6 in front of a studio audience in Boyle Heights , California . The series premiered on October 29, 2014, on the El Rey Network where it aired on Wednesdays at 8:00 p.m. E.T. , and in Spanish on November 1, 2014, on UniMás where it aired on Saturdays at 4:00 p.m. E.T. Johnny Mundo won the main event of

8281-431: Was usually less than $ 1,000 per appearance, with some wrestling cast members earning only about $ 4,000 a year from the show. Alcantar's lawyer also revealed that he had filed a class action lawsuit against Lucha Underground on behalf of other wrestlers, claiming their contracts, too, were illegal under California labor law. Other wrestlers Ivelisse Vélez , Joey Ryan , and Melissa Cervantes (who played Kobra Moon ) joined

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