72-769: Abdul Qayyum Khan PML Abdul Qayyum Khan PML Provincial Assembly elections were held in the North-West Frontier Province of the Dominion of Pakistan in 1951 to elect all 85 members of the Provincial Assembly , alongside provincial elections in West Punjab . It was Pakistan's first provincial assembly election. The Muslim League won the election, defeating the Jinnah Awami Muslim League coalition of
144-625: A book, Gold and Guns on the Pathan Frontier , in which he praised Ghaffar Khan and denounced Jinnah and the two-nation theory. Abdul Qayyum Khan said that the North West Frontier Province would resist the partition of India with its blood. He switched his loyalties to the Muslim League in 1945. He later claimed that Ghaffar Khan was plotting Jinnah's assassination. He banned his own book after he became
216-533: A danger in the consolidation of the Ghaznavids and invaded their capital city of Ghazni both in the reign of Sebuktigin and in that of his son Mahmud , which initiated the Muslim Ghaznavid and Hindu Shahi struggles. Sebuk Tigin, however, defeated him, and he was forced to pay an indemnity. Jayapala defaulted on the payment and took to the battlefield once more. Jayapala however, lost control of
288-578: A province of old "British India" [which no longer exists]. It is wrongful because it suppresses the social entity of these people. In fact, it suppresses that entity so completely that when composing the name "Pakistan" for our homelands, I had to call the North-West Frontier Province the Afghan Province. Suggestions for new names came and went. Although some of the names were ethnically neutral, most proposals emphasised
360-502: A referendum on the issue as a way of determining the name. These offers were rejected by the ANP leadership and the ANP withdrew from both the federal and provincial governments. The lack of support for a name change by the PML (N) was defended as opposition to the nationalistic politics being pursued by the ANP. In May 2008, to accommodate a demand by the people of NWFP who voted for the ANP,
432-432: Is a province of Pakistan . Located in the northwestern region of the country, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the fourth largest province of Pakistan by land area and the third-largest province by population. It is bordered by Balochistan to the south; Punjab , Islamabad Capital Territory , and Azad Kashmir to the east; and Gilgit-Baltistan to the north and northeast. It shares an international border with Afghanistan to
504-571: Is characterized by frequent invasions by various empires, largely due to its geographical proximity to the historically important Khyber Pass . Although it is colloquially known by a variety of other names, the name "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa" was brought into effect for the North-West Frontier Province in April 2010, following the passing of the 18th Constitutional Amendment . On 24 May 2018, the National Assembly of Pakistan voted in favour of
576-520: Is home to 16.9 percent of Pakistan's total population . The province is multiethnic, with the main ethnic groups being the Pashtuns , Hindkowans , Saraikis , and Chitralis . Once a stronghold of Buddhism , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the site of the ancient region of Gandhara , including the ruins of the Gandharan capital of Pushkalavati (located near present day Charsadda ). The region's history
648-554: Is one of the earliest incidents of police brutality in Pakistan in recent years, occurring before the Model Town Lahore incident , whose FIR has not been registered still today. Arif Nizami, former editor of The Nation , said, "This has actually opened a Pandora's box, because of Pakistan's very tenuous polity. Now, on one side, there are identity issues and ethnic issues and provincial autonomy issues. The other side
720-401: Is religious issues and terrorism. It's a very explosive situation." Many alternative names were proposed for the province. Many of these alternatives were designed to avoid or balance the ethnic connotations of Pakhtunkhwa. The name Gandhāra was proposed by Pakistan Muslim League (N) , as a neutral name for the province. Gandhara was an ancient Indo-Aryan civilization centered in
792-561: The 25th Constitutional Amendment , which merged the FATA as well as the Provincially Administered Tribal Areas into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa subsequently approved the bill on 28 May 2018; it was signed into law on 31 May by erstwhile Pakistani president Mamnoon Hussain , which officially completed the administrative merger process. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa means
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#1732801721237864-742: The Azad Muslim League , three from Jamaat-e-Islami and four from the Islami League . Around 660,000 voters voted in the election, a turnout of 49%. Qayyum led the Muslim League to a landslide victory, winning 67 of the 85 seats. After the elections, Qayyum formed a ministry with himself as Chief Minister, Mian Jaffar Shah as Education Minister, Jalal Baba as Local Self-Government Minister, M. R. Kiyani as Health Minister and Mir Ayub Khan as Revenue Minister. Abdul Qayyum Khan Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri ( Urdu : عبدالقیوم خان کشمیری ) (16 July 1901 – 23 October 1981 )
936-590: The British Raj , he and his party boycotted the referendum held by the British government. The Muslim League won an easy victory for Pakistan (289,244 votes against 2,874 for India). Within a week of the independence of Pakistan, the Congress government was dismissed under orders from Governor General Jinnah . Abdul Qayyum Khan was put in charge of a minority government on 23 August 1947. Khan navigated through
1008-576: The Jinnah Muslim League and All-Pakistan Awami Muslim League . In the 1946 Indian provincial elections the Indian National Congress achieved a strong majority in North-West Frontier Province, largely due to the personality of Khudai Khidmatgar leader Abdul Ghaffar Khan , enabling them to form a government. Although Khan strongly opposed the partition of India , a 1947 referendum regarding accession to Pakistan
1080-653: The Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). Meanwhile, the Pashtuns now appeared as a political factor. At the close of the fourteenth century they were firmly established in their present-day demographics south of Kohat, and in 1451 Bahlol Lodi's accession to the throne of Delhi gave them a dominant position in Northern India . Yusufzai tribes from the Kabul and Jalalabad valleys began migrating to the Valley of Peshawar beginning in
1152-665: The Nanda Empire , establishing the Mauryan Empire. A while after, Alexander's general Seleucus had attempted to once again invade the subcontinent from the Khyber pass hoping to take lands that Alexander had conquered, but never fully absorbed into this empire. Seleucus was defeated and the lands of Aria, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Gedrosia were ceded to the Mauryans in exchange for a matrimonial alliance and 500 elephants. With
1224-466: The North-West Frontier Province (abbreviated as NWFP) until 2010 due to its relative location being in the northwest of the nation. Unofficially, it was known as Sarhad ( Urdu : سرحد ), derived from the province's Urdu name given to it by the Mughals, which means "frontier". For most of the history of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), there were efforts to change its name. The name Afghania
1296-584: The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) after East Pakistan broke away in the Bangladesh Liberation War . Appointed federal interior minister by Zulfiqar Bhutto , he served in that post till the 1977 elections, when his party suffered a near total rout. After Zia-ul-Haqs assumption of power, Qayyum Khan tried to unify all the disparate Muslim League factions. His efforts were inconclusive and he died on 22 October 1981. He
1368-738: The Pashtuns . His descendants reigned till 1179, when Muhammad of Ghor took Peshawar, making it part of his expanding Ghurid Empire . Following the invasion by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and
1440-659: The Uzbek Shaybanids . He was forced to retreat westwards to Kabul but returned to defeat the Lodis in July 1526, when he captured Peshawar from Daulat Khan Lodi , though the region was never considered to be fully subjugated to the Mughals. Under the reign of Babar's son, Humayun , a direct Mughal rule was briefly challenged with the rise of the Pashtun Emperor, Sher Shah Suri , who began construction of
1512-800: The Yuezhi invasion of Bactria and relocated to Gandhara, pushing the Indo-Greeks east of the Jhelum River . The last known Indo-Greek ruler was Theodamas , from the Bajaur area of Gandhara, mentioned on a 1st-century CE signet ring, bearing the Kharoṣṭhī inscription "Su Theodamasa" ( "Su" was the Greek transliteration of the Kushan royal title "Shau" (" Shah " or "King")). It is during this period that
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#17328017212371584-408: The provincial government . According to official figures, around 15 protestors were killed while around 40 were injured. However, Khudai Khidmatgar sources maintained that around 150 were killed and 400 were injured. In September 1948, then Chief Minister, Abdul Qayyum Khan gave a statement in the provincial assembly, "I had imposed section 144 at Babra. When the people did not disperse, then firing
1656-520: The second urbanisation . The region was a major centre for Greco-Buddhism under the Indo-Greeks and Gandharan Buddhism under later dynasties, including Indo-Scythians , Indo-Parthians and Kushans . Gandhara was also a central location for the spread of Buddhism to Central Asia and East Asia. Gāndhārī , an Indo-Aryan language written in Kharosthi script , acted as lingua franca of
1728-511: The " Khyber side of the land of the Pashtuns , " where the word Pakhtunkhwa means " Land of the Pashtuns ", while according to some scholars, it refers to "Pashtun culture and society". The province has had various names throughout history. Other names used or proposed for the province include Gandhara , Afghania , Pashtunistan , Pathanistan , Sarhad , Abaseen , Khyber , or a combination of names, such as Hazara-Pakhtunkhwa . When
1800-869: The 15th century, and displaced the Swatis of the Bhittani confederation and Dilazak Pashtun tribes across the Indus River to Hazara Division . Mughal suzerainty over the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region was partially established after Babar, the founder of the Mughal Empire, invaded the region in 1505 CE via the Khyber Pass . The Mughal Empire noted the importance of the region as a weak point in their empire's defences, and determined to hold Peshawar and Kabul at all cost against any threats from
1872-643: The 16 Mahajanapadas of Vedic era . It was the centre of Vedic and later forms of Hinduism . Gandhara was frequently mentioned in Vedic epics, including Rig Veda , Ramayana and Mahabharata . It was the home of Gandhari , the princess of Gandhara Kingdom . In the spring of 327 BC Alexander the Great crossed the Hindu Kush and advanced to Nicaea , where Omphis, king of Taxila and other chiefs joined him. Alexander then dispatched part of his force through
1944-512: The British established it as a province, they called it "North West Frontier Province" (abbreviated as NWFP) until 2010 due to its relative location being in the northwest of the British Indian Empire . After the creation of Pakistan, Pakistan continued with this name but a Pashtun political party, Awami National Party based in the province demanded that the province name be changed to "Pakhtunkhwa". Their logic behind that demand
2016-603: The Chief Minister in the N.W.F.P. The book however continued fetching royalties even after he joined the Muslim League. In the 1946 provincial elections , Khan campaigned for the All-India Muslim League along with Pir of Manki Sharif . However, the Muslim League won only 17 seats in comparison to the 30 seats of the Congress Party. The Congress Party formed the provincial government under
2088-627: The Chief Minister till 23 April 1953. He served as central minister for Industries, Food and Agriculture in 1953. Arrested by the Ayub Khan regime, he was disqualified from politics and imprisoned for two years before finally being released. Contesting the 1970 General Election in Pakistan from three seats as leader of the Pakistan Muslim League-Qayyum faction , he won two National Assembly of Pakistan seats, one provincial seat and, in 1973, entered into alliance with
2160-676: The Kabul valley. Their dates are still a matter of dispute, but it is beyond question that they reigned early in the Christian era. To this period may be ascribed the fine statues and bas-reliefs found in Gandhara and Udyana. Under Huvishka's successor, Vasushka , the dominions of the Kushan kings shrank. The Turk Shahis ruled Gandhara until 870, when they were overthrown by the Hindu Shahis . The Hindu Shahis are believed to belong to
2232-719: The NWFP and imprisoned nine other leaders. Despite the crackdown, the Awami Muslim League contested the provincial elections in 1951 to win 4 seats. Qayyum Khan's administration was known for its development work in the province, including the construction of Peshawar University and the Warsak dam. He introduced compulsory free education up to middle school level in Frontier province, the first province of Pakistan to have this reform. He also made poor friendly amendments to
1951 North-West Frontier Province provincial election - Misplaced Pages Continue
2304-584: The PPP proposed that the name of the North-West Frontier Province be changed to Pakhtunkhwa, however the Muslim League Nawaz which had considerable support in the Hindko -speaking Hazara region of the province announced it might oppose the name change because of it "being on ethnic grounds" because of opposition by its provincial leadership. The name Pakhtunkhwa was mentioned for the first time in
2376-550: The Pashto-speakers elsewhere in the province), and others said the name should not be changed since the people were accustomed to North-West Frontier Province. During the times of Indus Valley civilisation (3300 BCE – 1700 BCE) the Khyber Pass through Hindu Kush provided a route to other neighbouring empires and was used by merchants on trade excursions. From 1500 BCE, Indo-Iranian peoples started to enter in
2448-575: The Pashtun identity in it as they argued that there were other minor communities living in the province especially the Hazarewals of the Hazara region who spoke Hindko thus the word Khyber was introduced with the name because it is the name of a major pass which connects Pakistan to Afghanistan. For over a hundred years after its founding as a province of British Raj in 1901, it was known as
2520-556: The Provincial Assembly was dissolved, Qayyum's government remained in power still as the interim government. The number of seats in the Assembly was increased from 50 to 85, including three reserved seats (two for Muslim women and one for non-Muslims). A total of 240 candidates contested the elections, of which 84 were from the Muslim League (nine of whom were unopposed), 46 from the Jinnah Awami Muslim League , five from
2592-638: The Shahi dynasty. Jayapala was succeeded by his son Anandapala , who along with other succeeding generations of the Shahiya dynasty took part in various unsuccessful campaigns against the advancing Ghaznvids but were unsuccessful. The Hindu rulers eventually exiled themselves to the Kashmir Siwalik Hills. After the battle of Peshawar, Mahmud of Ghazni had secured controlled over southern regions of Pakhtunkhwa. He also (1024 and 1025) raided
2664-520: The United Nation's General Assembly by Pakistani President Asif Zardari on 26 September 2008. The Pashtun nationalist Awami National Party based in the province demanded that the province name be changed to "Pakhtunkhwa". Their logic behind that demand was that Punjabi people , Sindhi people and Baloch people have their provinces named after their ethnicities but that is not the case for Pashtun people . Pakistan Muslim League (N) ,
2736-574: The Uḍi/Oḍi tribe, namely the people of Oddiyana (modern Swat) in Gandhara, although they are also variously stated to be Brāhmāns or Kshātriyas. The first king Kallar had moved the capital into Udabandhapura from Kabul, in the modern village of Hund for its new capital. At its zenith, the kingdom stretched over the Kabul Valley , Gandhara and western Punjab under Jayapala . Jayapala saw
2808-432: The Wanigam village in the Baramulla district , Jammu and Kashmir , but worked as a Tehsildar in the North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P., now called Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan in 2017) of British India . Khan was educated at Aligarh Muslim University and the London School of Economics . He became a barrister of the Lincoln's Inn . One of his brothers, Abdul Hamid Khan (Azad Kashmiri politician) ,
2880-437: The defeat of the Greeks, the land was once more under Hindu rule. Chandragupta's son Bindusara further expanded the empire. However, it was Chandragupta's grandson Ashoka , who converted to Buddhism and made it the official state religion in Gandhara and also Pakhli , the modern Hazara, as evidenced by rock-inscriptions at Shahbazgarhi and Mansehra . After Ashoka's death the Mauryan empire fell to pieces, just as in
2952-435: The entire region between the Kabul Valley and Indus River . In the year 1001, soon after Sultan Mahmud came to power and was occupied with the Qarakhanids north of the Hindu Kush , Jaipal attacked Ghazni once more and upon suffering yet another defeat by the powerful Ghaznavid forces, near present-day Peshawar . After the Battle of Peshawar , he died because of regretting as his subjects brought disaster and disgrace to
1951 North-West Frontier Province provincial election - Misplaced Pages Continue
3024-400: The famous Grand Trunk Road – which links Kabul, Afghanistan with Chittagong , Bangladesh over 2000 miles to the east. Later, local rulers once again pledged loyalty to the Mughal emperor. Yusufzai tribes rose against Mughals during the Yusufzai Revolt of 1667, and engaged in pitched-battles with Mughal battalions in Peshawar and Attock . Afridi tribes resisted Aurangzeb rule during
3096-474: The fusion of Hellenistic and South Asian mythological, artistic and religious elements becomes most apparent, especially in the region of Gandhara. Local Greek rulers still exercised a feeble and precarious power along the borderland, but the last vestige of the Greco-Indian rulers were finished by a people known to the old Chinese as the Yeuh-Chi. The Indo-Scythians were descended from the Sakas (Scythians) who migrated from Central Asia into South Asia from
3168-535: The land revenue laws. He evoked opposition from a section of the feudal class due to his egalitarian policies. His political stand was opposition to the Khudai Khidmatgar movement of Ghaffar Khan. His alleged role in ordering the Babrra massacre is one which he faces much criticism. He led the Muslim League to a landslide victory in the 1951 elections , despite opposition from the Khudai Khidmatgar movement and opposition from federally backed fellow Muslim league opponents like Yusuf Khattak . Qayyum Khan served as
3240-428: The largest opposition party at the time was ready to change the province's name by supporting the ruling Pakistan Peoples Party and ANP, in a constitutional amendment but wanted to name the province something other than which does not carry only the Pashtun identity in it as they argued that there were other minor communities living in the province especially the Hazarewals of the Hazara region who spoke Hindko thus
3312-405: The middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE. They displaced the Indo-Greeks and ruled a kingdom that stretched from Gandhara to Mathura . The first Indo-Scythian king Maues established Saka hegemony by conquering Indo-Greek territories. The power of the Saka rulers declined after the defeat to Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century. The Indo-Parthian Kingdom
3384-491: The nomadic Xiongnu . One group, known as the Kushan, took the lead, and its chief, Kadphises I , seized vast territories extending south to the Kabul valley. His son Kadphises II conquered North-Western India, which he governed through his generals. His immediate successors were the fabled Hindu kings : Kanishka, Huvishka, and Vasushka or Vasudeva, of whom the first reigned over a territory which extended as far east as Benares, far south as Malwa, and also including Bactria and
3456-399: The people of Hazara region and protests erupted in the region with wheel and shutter jam strikes. Abbottabad became the nerve center of the movement. On the 10th of April, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police fired at unarmed protesters, leaving 7 dead and dozens injured. Allegedly, the firing was ordered by the coalition government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, led by the Awami National Party . This
3528-404: The premiership of Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (popularly known as "Dr. Khan Sahib"). Abdul Qayyum Khan was put in charge of destabilising the Congress government in the province through street agitations, ideological rhetoric and acquisition of sympathetic Muslim officers in the government. The presence of a Congress government at the extreme north-west of the Indian subcontinent was anomalous, and
3600-404: The premiership of the state and the presidency of the provincial Muslim League . The Pir gathered disgruntled legislators and intended to bring a vote of no-confidence against Khan. Khan diffused his efforts. Then the Pir formed a separate party under the banner of All Pakistan Awami Muslim League . An exasperated Khan responded with "full fury and force". He forced out the Pir of Manki Sharif from
3672-419: The present-day province. The core of the region of Gandhara was the Peshawar valley and Swat valley , though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus river to the Taxila region in Potohar Plateau and westwards into the Kabul valley in Afghanistan, and northwards up to the Karakoram range. It was attested in the Rigveda , and it was one of the 16 Mahajanapadas of
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#17328017212373744-404: The province became a bone of contention between the Congress and the Muslim League as part of the Partition of India . Eventually, the British decided to hold a referendum to determine which dominion the province should go to. Abdul Ghaffar Khan demanded a separate nation of 'Pakhtunistan' comprising both the North-West Frontier Province and Pashtun parts of Afghanistan . When it was denied by
3816-547: The province's Pashtun ethnic identity. The renaming issue was an emotional one which often crossed party lines and not all supporters of a renaming agreed on the name Pakhtunkhwa. By the late 20th century, President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq agreed with Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan to change the name to Pashtunistan but he contended that the term Pashtunistan had become controversial and was being politicized by Afghanistan. Ghaffar Khan suggested Pakhtunkhwa, but Zia-ul-Haq asked Ghaffar Khan to suggest an alternative. The name Pakhtunkhwa
3888-409: The region from Central Asia after having passed the Khyber Pass. The region of Gandhara , which was primarily based in the area of modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa features prominently in the Rigveda ( c. 1500 – c. 1200 BCE ), as well as the Zoroastrian Avesta , which mentions it as Vaēkərəta , the sixth most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda . It was one of
3960-437: The region. Famed for its unique Gandharan style of art which is influenced by the classical Hellenistic styles, Gandhara attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century CE under the Kushan Empire , who had their capital at Peshawar ( Puruṣapura ). Some Hazara residents said that the new name should be Hazara-Pakhtunkhwa (in reference to the Hazara region where Hindko -speakers are dominant as compared to
4032-402: The rock Aornos, but Alexander made Embolima (possibly Amb ) his base, and attacked the rock from there, which was captured after a desperate resistance. Meanwhile, Peukelaotis (in Hashtnagar , 17 miles (27 km) north-west of Peshawar ) had submitted, and Nicanor, a Macedonian, was appointed satrap of the country west of the Indus. Mauryan rule began with Chandragupta Maurya displacing
4104-429: The troubled waters ably, winning the defection of enough Congress legislators to support his government. Qayyum Khan was a key instigator of the First Kashmir War , if not the chief instigator. As the premier of the NWFP, Qayyum Khan faced internal dissension. The Pir of Manki Sharif, who was a key figure in the campaign for referendum, was miffed that he was passed over for the post. He objected to Khan holding both
4176-526: The valley of the Kabul River, while he himself advanced into Bajaur and Swat with his light troops. Craterus was ordered to fortify and repopulate Arigaion , probably in Bajaur, which its inhabitants had burnt and deserted. Having defeated the Aspasians, from whom he took 40,000 prisoners and 230,000 oxen, Alexander crossed the Gouraios ( Panjkora ) and entered the territory of the Assakenoi and laid siege to Massaga, which he took by storm. Ora and Bazira (possibly Bazar) soon fell. The people of Bazira fled to
4248-421: The west the Seleucid power was waning. The Indo-Greek king Menander I (reigned 155–130 BCE) drove the Greco-Bactrians out of Gandhara and beyond the Hindu Kush , becoming king shortly after his victory. His empire survived him in a fragmented manner until the last independent Greek king, Strato II , disappeared around 10 CE. Around 125 BCE, the Greco-Bactrian king Heliocles , son of Eucratides, fled from
4320-402: The west. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a varied geography of rugged mountain ranges , valleys, rolling foothills, and dense agricultural farms. While it is the third-largest Pakistani province in terms of both its population and its economy , it is geographically the smallest. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's share of Pakistan's GDP has historically comprised 10.5%, amounting to over US$ 30 billion. The province
4392-429: The word Khyber was introduced with the name because it is the name of a major pass which connects Pakistan to Afghanistan. In early 2010, the process of renaming proceeded and the Pakistani Senate confirmed the name change to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan with a unanimous 90 votes on 15 April 2010. The name change of the province was met with strong opposition from
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#17328017212374464-406: Was a major figure in British Indian and later Pakistani politics, in particular in the North-West Frontier Province , where he served as the Chief Minister from 23 August 1947 to 23 April 1953. He also served as the Interior Minister of Pakistan from 1972 to 1977. Abdul Qayyum Khan was born in the State of Chitral but had Kashmiri origin. His father, Khan Abdul Hakim, was originally from
4536-422: Was a prime minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir , and another brother, Khan Abdul Rauf Khan, was a renowned lawyer. Abdul Qayum Khan was one of the eminent lawyers of N.W.F.P. During his professional career he conducted some very important cases. He used to practice in criminal law. Mirza Shams ul Haq was his most trustworthy colleague, who remained always close to him during profession and politics. Abdul Qayum
4608-468: Was also assisted in his chambers by Muhammad Nazirullah Khan advocate, who later served as a provincial secretary general and senior vice president of Pakistan Muslim League. Starting his political career in 1934 with the Indian National Congress , Khan quickly rose to serve as an elected member of the Central Legislative Assembly (1937–38) and the deputy leader of the Congress in the Assembly. At that time he admired Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan . He authored
4680-501: Was always opposed by Khan Habibullah Khan ; they were lifelong rivals since they were young classmates at Islamia College , Peshawar . Under the orders of Abdul Qayyum Khan the Babrra massacre occurred on 12 August 1948 in the Charsadda District of the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) of Pakistan , when workers of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement protesting the jailing of their leader, anti-colonial independence activist Abdul Ghaffar Khan were fired upon by
4752-474: Was approved by the democratically elected constitutional assembly of the province in 1997 by majority vote. However, the PML (N) parliamentary party of NWFP rejected the ANP demand but called for Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to suggest another "non-controversial" name. PML (N) members noted that Sarhad was a good name for the province but, if a change was needed, then it should be named Khyber or Abasin. The NWFP chief minister, Sardar Mehtab Ahmed Khan, called for
4824-496: Was held. Khan boycotted the referendum, which resulted in a large majority voting to join Pakistan. Following Pakistani independence, the Muslim League called for Khan's government to be removed. This was achieved when Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah dismissed Khan's cabinet and appointed Abdul Qayyum Khan as new Chief Minister. In 1951 Qayyum announced the holding of provincial elections, which received negative reactions as most political leaders were in jail or exile. Although
4896-399: Was often inspired by the Arsacid dynasty, but they probably belonged to a wider groups of Iranic tribes who lived east of Parthia proper, and there is no evidence that all the kings who assumed the title Gondophares , which means "Holder of Glory", were even related. The Yuezhi nomads had driven the Sakas from the highlands of Central Asia , and were themselves forced southwards by
4968-603: Was opened on them. They were lucky that the police had finished ammunition; otherwise not a single soul would have been left alive". Khan Qayyum said hinting at the four members of the opposition in the provincial assembly. He said; "If they were killed, the government would not care about them." Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( /ˌkaɪbər pəkˈtuːŋkwə/ ; Pashto : خېبر پښتونخوا [ˈxebaɾ paxtunˈxwɑ] ; Urdu : خیبر پختونخوا , pronounced [ˈxɛːbəɾ pəxˈtuːnxʷɑː] ; abbr. KP or KPK ), formerly known as North West Frontier Province (NWFP),
5040-446: Was proposed first by the founding leaders of the Muslim League in 1933 and was at least partly chosen to represent the first "a" in "P a kistan". The need for a change was explained by the man who named Pakistan in his " Now or Never " pamphlet, Choudhary Rahmat Ali Khan, as: "North-West Frontier Province" is semantically non-descript and socially wrongful. It is non-descript because it merely indicates their geographical situation as
5112-401: Was ruled by the Gondopharid dynasty, named after its first ruler Gondophares . For most of their history, the leading Gondopharid kings held Taxila (in the present Punjab province of Pakistan ) as their residence, but during their last few years of existence the capital shifted between Kabul and Peshawar . These kings have traditionally been referred to as Indo-Parthians, as their coinage
5184-442: Was that Punjabi people , Sindhi people and Baloch people have their provinces named after their ethnicities but that is not the case for Pashtun people . Pakistan Muslim League (N) , the largest opposition party at the time was ready to change the province's name by supporting the ruling Pakistan Peoples Party and ANP, in a constitutional amendment but wanted to name the province something other than which does not carry only
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