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60-614: In 1930, the government of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic ordered the university shut down in accordance with a reorganization of higher education , and the university was replaced with the Supreme Pedagogical Institute. However, in 1934 the university was reestablished again and continued to work through the difficult years of World War II experiencing a shortage of faculty members . By its 40th anniversary in 1959,

120-604: A "university" since 1819 sees itself as the successor of an academy established on in 1724, by a decree of Peter the Great . MSU originally occupied the Principal Medicine Store on Red Square from 1755 to 1787. Catherine the Great transferred the university to a building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street, constructed between 1782 and 1793, to a design by Matvei Kazakov , and rebuilt by Domenico Giliardi after fire consumed much of Moscow in 1812 . In

180-572: A Soviet Republic. On 28 April 1920, Temporary Revolutionary Committee took control over the country, and formed a government named Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan SSR . After the approval of the Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR by the All-Azerbaijan Congress of Soviets in 1921, Azerbaijan Revolutionary Committee was revoked and Central Executive Committee was selected as a supreme legislative body. According to

240-683: A result of these initiatives, the university holds joint scientific conferences, workshops, and publishes textbooks. The university is a member of the Caucasus University Association . See for more information on: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic State atheism (de facto) The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic , also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic , Azerbaijan SSR , Azerbaijani SSR , AzSSR , Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan ,

300-547: Is a public research university in Moscow , Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates , six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner were affiliated with the university. Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov promoted

360-583: The Aras River led to a revival of Pan-Azerbaijani nationalism. During the Soviet occupation, a revival of the Azerbaijani literary language, which had largely been supplanted by Persian, was promoted with the help of writers, journalists, and teachers from Soviet Azerbaijan. In November 1945, with Soviet backing, an autonomous " Azerbaijan People's Government " was set up at Tabriz under Jafar Pishevari ,

420-721: The Commonwealth of Independent States . In November 2012, Mikhail Basharatyan, Deputy Dean of the MSU World Economy Department, was fired for taking a bribe from a pupil. In February 2013, Andrei Andriyanov resigned as head of the Kolmogorov Special Educational and Scientific Center of the university, after an investigation concluded that he had included fake references in his doctoral thesis. In March 2022, Victor Sadovnichy, rector of Moscow State University and president of

480-521: The October Revolution of 1917, the institution began to admit children of the proletariat and peasantry. In 1919, the university abolished tuition fees, and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. During the implementation of Joseph Stalin 's first five-year plan (1928–32), prisoners from the Gulag were forced to construct parts of

540-647: The Treaty of Kars . Borders of Azerbaijan and Armenia , like elsewhere in the USSR, were redrawn several times, yet neither side was completely satisfied with the results. On 12 March 1922 the leaders of Azerbaijan, Armenian, and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republics established a union known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (TSFSR). This was the first attempt at a union of Soviet republics, preceding

600-727: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which would last until 1991. The TSFSR, however, did not last long. In December 1936, the Transcaucasian Union was dismantled when the leaders in the Union Council found themselves unable to come to agreement over several issues. Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia then each became a republic of the Soviet Union directly. In the spring of 1921, a general change-over from revkoms and kombeds to Soviets took place. In order to help

660-563: The union-wide referendum to preserve the union as the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics but with different constitutional arrangements. The referendum was passed by 93.3% of valid polls. The Armenian SSR did not participate in the referendum. The Supreme Soviet of the exclave of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic also decided not to participate in the referendum. The Azerbaijani Popular Front Party argued that only 15% of

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720-671: The 18th century, the university had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the university until its abolition in 1812. In 1779, Mikhail Kheraskov founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became a gymnasium for Russian nobility . The university press , run by Nikolay Novikov in the 1780s, published the newspaper in Imperial Russia: Moskovskie Vedomosti . In 1804, medical education split into clinical (therapy), surgical, and obstetrics faculties. Between 1884 and 1897,

780-417: The 1950s led to better education and welfare conditions for most of Azerbaijan. This also coincided with the period of rapid urbanization and industrialization. During this period of change, a new anti-Islamic drive and return to a policy of Russification , under the policy of sblizheniye ( rapprochement ), was instituted in order to merge all the peoples of the USSR into a new monolithic Soviet nation. In

840-466: The 1960s, signs of a structural crisis in the Soviet system began to emerge. Azerbaijan's crucial oil industry lost its relative importance in the Soviet economy , partly because of a shift of oil production to other regions of the Soviet Union and partly because of the depletion of known oil resources accessible from land, while offshore production was not deemed cost-effective. As a result, Azerbaijan had

900-547: The Azerbaijan SSR joined the Commonwealth of Independent States . By the end of 1991 fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh had escalated into a full-scale war, which culminated into a tense 1994 cease-fire that persisted into the 21st centuru. Azerbaijani success in the war of 2020 and a further successful offensive in 2023 resulted in the restoration of Azerbaijan's territorial extent to that which it had held as

960-612: The Azerbaijani oil industry the Supreme Council of the National Economy decided in the same year to provide it with everything necessary out of turn. The new oilfields, like Ilyich bay , Qaraçuxur , Lökbatan and Qala have been discovered. By 1929, a significant kolkhoz movement had developed and Azerbaijan became the second Soviet tea producer after the Georgian SSR for the first time. On 31 March 1931,

1020-674: The Constitution Azerbaijan SSR in 1937, the legislative body switched to a new phase. Central Executive Committee was replaced with Supreme Soviet. Under the military structure of the former Soviet Union, Azerbaijan shortly before gaining independence, was host to over 60,000 Soviet military personnel deployed throughout the country in units of the Ground Forces, Air Forces, Air Defense Forces, and Navy. The primary combat formation of Ground Forces in Azerbaijan

1080-770: The Department of Medicine built a medical campus in Devichye Pole , between the Garden Ring and Novodevichy Convent ; designed by Konstantin Bykovsky , with university doctors like Nikolay Sklifosovskiy and Fyodor Erismann acting as consultants. The campus, and medical education in general, were separated from Moscow University in 1930. Devichye Pole was operated by the independent I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and by various other state and private institutions. The roots of student unrest in

1140-642: The Faculty of History. Nobel Prize -winning physicist Lev Landau studied at BSU between 1922 and 1924. BSU is the only university from Azerbaijan ranked by international ranking organizations, such as University Ranking by Academic Performance and currently ranks at 1872 in the University Ranking by Academic Performance . BSU was established on September 1, 1919, by the decision of the Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic . The university

1200-628: The Russian Union of Rectors, was the lead signature in a public statement endorsing the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . In reaction, Academia Europaea , a pan-European academy, suspended the membership of Sadovnichy. In response to the Russian invasion, that same month Yale University , the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , University of Potsdam , and HKU Business School suspended their longstanding relationships with

1260-623: The Soviet army was withdrawn. The Iranian government regained control over Iranian Azerbaijan by the end of 1946 and the Democratic Party leaders took refuge in Soviet Azerbaijan. Jafar Pishevari , who was never fully trusted by Stalin, soon died under mysterious circumstances. Apart from the Oil Rocks , Azerbaijan's first offshore oil field was opened in the early 1950s. Policies of de-Stalinization and improvement after

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1320-737: The Transcaucasian SFSR became part of the newly established Soviet Union. The Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR was approved by the 9th Extraordinary All-Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets on 14 March 1937. On 5 February 1991, Azerbaijan SSR was renamed the Republic of Azerbaijan according to the Decision No.16-XII of Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan approving the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan SSR dated 29 November 1990, remained in

1380-495: The USSR for the period before the declaration of independence in October 1991. The Constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR ceased to exist in 1995, upon the adoption of the new Constitution of Azerbaijan . The name "Azerbaijan" originates as the "Land of Atropates ", an Achaemenid then Hellenistic-era king over a region in present-day Iranian Azarbaijan and Iranian Kurdistan , south of the modern state. Despite this difference,

1440-662: The USSR, was a major importer of oil produced in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. This changed when Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. In the first year of the Soviet-German War , Azerbaijan produced 23.5 million tons of oil—a record for the entire history of its oil industry. By the end of 1941, thousands of Azerbaijanis had joined the People's Volunteer Corps. Mobilization affected all spheres of life, particularly

1500-485: The USSR. The Union Council of TSFSR consisted of the representatives of the three republics – Nariman Narimanov (Azerbaijan), Polikarp Mdivani (Georgia), and Aleksandr Fyodorovich Miasnikyan (Armenia). The First Secretary of the Transcaucasian Communist Party was Sergo Ordzhonikidze . In December 1922 TSFSR agreed to join the union with Russia , Ukraine , and Belarus , thus creating

1560-560: The administration of the university invited to Baku such teachers as N.Y. Marr, V.V. Bartold, the academician of the Eastern Science Academy Fuad bek Kuprulluzade. The university was liquidated in 1930 in accordance with the decision made by the Council of the People's Commissar on reorganization. The High Pedagogical Institute was created as a replacement. The university resumed its activity in 1934 and soon became

1620-531: The basis of Baku State University. The years following 1969 can be considered as a period of further development in the direction of knowledge and science. Faculties on modern specialties, departments and about 30 scientific research laboratories were founded during this period of time. University continued to grow and develop under the presidency of Heydar Aliyev , with further specialties, departments, and scientific laboratories beginning their operation. Given its extensive historical background, Baku State University

1680-471: The commitment of more than 500 workers and employees of the oil industry of Azerbaijan was awarded orders and medals. Of the estimated 600,000 Azerbaijanis who were recruited into the Soviet Army during the war, 290,000 died. An event that greatly impacted Azerbaijanis on both sides of the border was the Soviet occupation of Iranian Azerbaijan in the summer of 1941. The Soviet military presence south of

1740-518: The economic conditions and promoted alternative industries to the declining oil industry, such as cotton. He also consolidated the republic's ruling elite, which now consisted almost entirely of ethnic Azerbaijanis, thus reverting the previous trends of sblizheniye . In 1982 Aliyev was made a member of the Communist Party's Politburo in Moscow. In 1987, when perestroika was implemented, he

1800-493: The electorate had participated in the referendum. The "Treaty of the Union of Sovereign States" failed to be ratified because the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt accelerated declarations of independence by Soviet Socialist Republics between August and December. Azerbaijan adopted its declaration of independence on 18 October 1991. The final dissolution of the Soviet Union took place on 26 December 1991. Shortly before that date,

1860-582: The former USSR. Between 2002 and 2004, BSU led the Association of Universities of Black Sea States. The university has also signed agreements on scientific and technical cooperation and student-teacher exchange programs with the Moscow State University , Middle East Technical University , Nice-Sofia Antipole University , Indiana University , Kyiv National University , Vienna University , and several other high-ranking institutions. As

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1920-620: The headquarter of UNESCO in Paris (June 2019). A special medal in honor of the 100th anniversary of BSU - “ The 100th jubilee (1919-2019) medal of Baku State University ” was issued by the Presidential Decree in November 2019, with 113 people being subsequently awarded this Medal. Currently, BSU is a member of various associations and institutions such as the Association of Universities of Eurasia, which unites most universities of

1980-420: The idea of a university in Moscow, and Russian Empress Elizabeth decreed its establishment on 23 January [ O.S. 12 January] 1755. The first lectures were given on 7 May [ O.S. 26 April]. Saint Petersburg State University and MSU each claim to be Russia's oldest university. Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, St. Petersburg which has had a continuous existence as

2040-603: The leader of the Azerbaijani Democratic Party. Secular cultural institutions and education in Azerbaijani blossomed throughout Iranian Azerbaijan, and speculation grew rife about a possible unification of the two Azerbaijani republics, under Soviet control. As it turned out, the issue of Iranian Azerbaijan became one of the first conflicts of the Cold War, and under the pressure from the Western powers,

2100-510: The lowest rate of growth in productivity and economic output among the Soviet republics, with the exception of Tajikistan . Ethnic tensions, particularly between Armenians and Azerbaijanis began to grow, but the violence was suppressed. In an attempt to end the growing structural crisis, the government in Moscow appointed Heydar Aliyev as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan in 1969. Aliyev temporarily improved

2160-555: The main building. The building on Mokhovaya Street houses the Faculty of Journalism , the Faculty of Psychology , and Institute of Asian and African Countries . A number of faculty buildings are located near Manege Square in the centre of Moscow and a number of campuses abroad in Ukraine , Kazakhstan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan . The Ulyanovsk branch of MSU was reorganized into Ulyanovsk State University in 1996. As of 2009,

2220-571: The most prominent was the Popular Front of Azerbaijan (PFA), which by the fall of 1989 had a lot of popular support. The movement supported independence from the USSR. The unrest culminated in a crackdown by the Red army which aimed at silencing the demands for independence. At least 132 demonstrators were killed and other civilians in Baku injured on 20 January 1990. Azerbaijan participated in

2280-662: The newly expanded university. In 1970, the university imposed a 2% quota on Jewish students. A 2014 article entitled "Math as a tool of anti-semitism" in The Mathematics Enthusiast discussed antisemitism in the Moscow State University's Department of Mathematics during the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, the Dean of MSU's law faculty was dismissed for taking bribes. After 1991, nine new faculties were established. The following year,

2340-493: The oil industries. A week after fighting began, the oil workers themselves took the initiative to extend their work to 12-hour shifts, with no days off, including holidays and vacations, until the end of the war. In September 1942, Hitler 's generals presented him with a large decorated cake depicting the Caspian Sea and Baku. Baku then became the primary strategic goal of Hitler's 1942 Fall Blau offensive. This offensive

2400-584: The oil industry of the Azerbaijan SSR, which supplied over 60% of the total Soviet oil production at the time, was awarded the Order of Lenin . The republic gained the second Order on 15 March 1935 during the observation of its 15th anniversary. By the end of the second five-year plan (1933–1937) Azerbaijan had become the 3rd republic in the Soviet Union by its capital investment size. From 17 September 1939 to 21 June 1941, Nazi Germany , due to its non-aggression pact and relatively normalized trade relations with

2460-668: The post-war era, Joseph Stalin ordered seven tiered neoclassic towers to be built around the city. It was built using Gulag labour, as were many of Stalin's Great Construction Projects in Russia. The MSU main building was the tallest building in Europe until 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high. Along with the university administration, the Museum of Earth Sciences and faculties of Mechanics and Mathematics , Geology, Geography , and Fine and Performing Arts are in

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2520-746: The present name was chosen by the Musavat to replace the Russian names Transcaucasia and Baku in 1918. "Azerbaijan" derives from Persian Āzarbāydjān , from earlier Ādharbāyagān and Ādharbādhagān , from Middle Persian Āturpātākān , from Old Persian Atropatkan . From its founding it was officially known as the Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic . When the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

2580-623: The republic's scientific-pedagogical center. Despite the shortage of university teachers caused by their service in the Second World War, the university managed to maintain its leading position. In 1945 the teachers took an active part in founding the Azerbaijan Academy of Science. The majority of the republic's top universities — such as Azerbaijan Medical University, Azerbaijan University of Economy, Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University and others — were founded on

2640-480: The some international rankings MSU is the highest-ranked Russian university (with the nearest Russian competitor being Saint Petersburg State University ), but it was consistently ranked outside the top 5 nationally in 2010–11 by Forbes and Ria Novosti / HSE , with both ratings based on data set collected by HSE from Russian Unified State Exam scores averaged per all students and faculties of university. The university has contacts with universities throughout

2700-590: The surrender of the government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic to local Bolsheviks led by Mirza Davud Huseynov and Nariman Narimanov and the invasion of the Bolshevik 11th Red Army. On 13 October 1921, the Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia signed an agreement with Turkey known as the Treaty of Kars . The previously independent Nakhcivan SSR would also become an autonomous ASSR within Azerbaijan by

2760-456: The university already had 13 faculties . The Azerbaijan Medical University and Azerbaijan State Economic University were both spun-offs of the original respective faculties at BSU. Among the graduates of BSU were two former presidents of Azerbaijan , Abulfaz Elchibey and Heydar Aliyev . The former graduated from the Faculty of Arabic Language and Literature, while the latter, who dominated Azerbaijan's political life for over 30 years, from

2820-470: The university gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education). On 6 September 1997, French electronic musician Jean Michel Jarre used the front of the university as the backdrop for a concert . The concert attracted a paying crowd of half a million people. In 2007, MSU Rector Viktor Sadovnichy said that corruption in Russia's education system

2880-498: The university had 39 faculties and 15 research centres. A number of small faculties opened, such as Faculty of Physics and Chemistry and Higher School of Television . The full list of faculties is as follows: In world rankings, MSU was ranked 101st–150th by the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2022, #75 by QS World University Rankings 2023 , and #355 by U.S. News & World Report 2023. According to

2940-668: The university reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the university and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. The imperial government repeatedly threatened to close the university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigned en masse , including Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy , Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev , and Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin ; thousands of students were expelled. After

3000-502: The university, and the University of St Andrews suspended a joint master's degree programme with the university. Intel and AMD , the largest chip manufacturers in the world, whose processors are used in the Moscow State University supercomputer , as well as Nvidia , reacted by suspending deliveries of their processors to Russia. Since 1953, most of the faculties have been situated on Sparrow Hills , in southwest Moscow. In

3060-842: The world, exchanging students and lecturers. It houses the UNESCO International Demography Courses and Hydrology Courses. In 1991 the French University College, the Russian-American University, and the Institute of German Science and Culture were opened. The institution's academic reputation was severely undermined because of its support for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . (See: sanctions ). The university employs more than 4,000 academics and 15,000 support staff. Approximately 5,000 researchers work at

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3120-407: Was a "systemic illness," and that he had seen an ad guaranteeing a perfect score on entrance exams to MSU, for a significant fee. On 19 March 2008, Russia's most powerful supercomputer to date, the SKIF MSU ( Russian : СКИФ МГУ ; skif means ' Scythian ' in Russian) was launched at the university. Its peak performance of 60 TFLOPS ( LINPACK – 47.170 TFLOPS) made it the fastest supercomputer in

3180-408: Was abolished, the name was changed to the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic according to the 1937 and 1978 Azerbaijan SSR constitutions. Upon independence, it was renamed to the Republic of Azerbaijan (or Azerbaijani Republic ) in 1991. The current official name was retained after the new Constitution of Azerbaijan was adopted in 1995. The Azerbaijan SSR was established on 28 April 1920 after

3240-477: Was always a major scientific and educational center in Azerbaijan. Famous scientists, intellectuals and politicians and Azerbaijan's outstanding politician, Heydar Aliyev graduated from Baku State University. As of May 2021, Baku State University offers 16 majors with 55 bachelor and 153 master's degrees. The 100th anniversary of Baku State University was commemorated throughout during the year 2019 in Azerbaijan and also in Vienna , Austria (September 2019) and at

3300-403: Was established as a part of 4 faculties (history and philology, physics and mathematics, lawing, and medicine). The first rector of the university was the famous surgeon V. I. Razumovsky. Among the leading professors in 1920-40 were Azerbaijani writer Abdurrahim bek Haqverdiyev, Orientalist Professor P.K. Juze, Professor A.O. Makovelski, Professor A.O. Mishel and other scholars. During that period

3360-483: Was forced to retire by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev , whose reform policies he opposed. The late 1980s, during the Gorbachev era, were characterized by increasing unrest in the Caucasus , initially over the Nagorno-Karabakh issue. The ethnic strife revealed the shortcomings of the Communist Party as a champion of national interests and, in the spirit of glasnost , independent publications and political organizations began to emerge. Of these organizations, by far

3420-415: Was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991. Created on 28 April 1920 when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic brought pro-Soviet figures to power in the region, the first two years of the Azerbaijani SSR were as an independent country until incorporation into the Transcaucasian SFSR , along with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR . In December 1922,

3480-481: Was the 4th Army , which housed its headquarters and various support units in Baku . In addition to the independent surface-to-air missile (SAM), artillery, and SCUD brigades, the principal combat elements of the Fourth Army were the 23rd ( Ganja ), 295th ( Lenkaran ), 60th (Baku) and 75th ( Nakhchivan ) motorized rifle divisions (MRD), and the Ganja Helicopter Assault Regiment ( Mi-24 Hinds and Mi-8 Hips ). The only ground forces training establishment in Azerbaijan

3540-452: Was the Baku Higher Combined Arms Command School . Military conscription in the Azerbaijan SSR was introduced only after the establishment of Soviet control, with the number of people being called up for service being minimal at first. 40°18′N 47°42′E  /  40.3°N 47.7°E  / 40.3; 47.7 Moscow State University Moscow State University ( MSU ), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University ,

3600-413: Was unsuccessful, however. The German army reached the mountains of the Caucasus , but was at the same time decisively defeated at the Battle of Stalingrad and thus forced to retreat from the area, abandoning all hopes for a Reichskommissariat Kaukasien . In 1942, Azerbaijan also became the second-largest tea producer of the Soviet Army . By the decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in February 1942,

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