67-527: Azrieli may refer to: Surname David Azrieli , CM CQ (1922–2014), Canadian real estate tycoon, developer, designer, architect and philanthropist Sharon Azrieli , soprano singer and cantor from Montreal, Quebec Business Azrieli Group , Israeli real estate and holding company Buildings Azrieli Center , a complex of skyscrapers in Tel Aviv, Israel Azrieli Sarona Tower , skyscraper in
134-466: A Palestinian Arab municipal leader, described attacks "provoking terror among the women and children, who were very influenced by the horrors of Dayr Yasin ", and provided an eyewitness account of the flight of Haifa's Arab residents: Thousands of women, children and men hurried to the port district in a state of chaos and terror without precedent in the history of the Arab nation. They fled their houses to
201-649: A city "between the bay and the Promontory of Zeus" (i.e., the Carmel), which may be a reference to Shikmona , a locality in the Haifa area. By Hellenistic times, the city had moved to a new site south of what is now the Bat Galim neighborhood of modern Haifa because the old port's harbour had become blocked with sand. A Greek -speaking population living along the coast at this time was engaged in commerce. Haifa
268-662: A family of Ashkenazi Jews in the town of Maków Mazowiecki , in what was then the Second Polish Republic . Following the outbreak of World War II , he fled from the German-led invasion of Poland and took refuge in the Soviet Union for a brief period. By late 1942, he had arrived in the British Mandate for Palestine , having been smuggled along with a weapons shipment concealed in coffins for
335-634: A raid on the Arab village of Balad al-Shaykh , where many of the Arab refinery workers lived, in what became known as the Balad al-Shaykh massacre . British forces in Haifa redeployed on 21 April 1948, withdrawing from most of the city while still maintaining control over the port facilities. According to Ilan Pappé, although the Jewish mayor of the city, Shabtai Levy , urged the Arab residents to stay, in other parts of town loudspeakers could be heard ordering Arabs to leave "before it's too late." On 21 April,
402-720: A reconnaissance report was received indicating that the Turks were leaving Haifa. The British made preparations to enter the city and came under fire in the Balad al-Sheikh district (today Nesher ). After the British regrouped, an elite unit of Indian horsemen were sent to attack the Turkish positions on the flanks and overrun their artillery guns on Mount Carmel. Under the British Mandate , Haifa saw large-scale development and became an industrial port city. The Baháʼí Faith in 1918 and today has its administrative and spiritual centre in
469-407: A result of prices and salary drop. The 1922 census of Palestine , conducted by the British authorities, recorded Haifa's population as 24,634 (9,377 Muslims, 8,863 Christians, 6,230 Jews, 152 Baha'i , and 12 Druze ). By the time of the 1931 census of Palestine , this had increased to 50,403 (20,324 Muslims, 15,923 Jews, 13,824 Christians, 196 Baha'i, 126 Druze, and 10 with no religion). Between
536-524: A site established on Tel Shikmona upon what were already the ruins of Sycaminon (Shiqmona). Haifa (or Haifah) is mentioned by the mid-11th-century Persian chronicler Nasir Khusraw , and the 12th- and 13th-century Arab chroniclers, Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi . Nasir-i-Khusrau visited in 1047; he noted that "Haifa lies on the seashore, and there are here palm-gardens and trees in numbers. There are in this town shipbuilders, who build very large craft." The Crusaders, who captured Haifa briefly in
603-409: A steam-based power station , opened factories and inaugurated carriage services to Acre, Nazareth and Tiberias, playing a key role in modernizing the city. The first major wave of Jewish immigration to Haifa took place in the mid-19th century from Morocco, with a smaller wave of immigration from Turkey a few years later. In the 1870s, large numbers of Jewish and Arab migrants came to Haifa due to
670-522: Is also mentioned more than 100 times in the Talmud , a work central to Judaism. Hefa or Hepha in Eusebius of Caesarea 's 4th-century work, Onomasticon , is said to be another name for Sycaminus. This synonymizing of the names is explained by Moshe Sharon , who writes that the twin ancient settlements, which he calls Haifa-Sycaminon, gradually expanded into one another, becoming a twin city known by
737-570: Is another name used by some locals to refer to Tell es-Samak, when it was the site of a hamlet of 250 residents, before the settlement was moved in 1764–5 to the site from which the modern city emerged. In 1764–5 Zahir al-Umar moved the village to a new site 1.5 mi (2.4 km) to the east, which he also fortified. The new village, the nucleus of modern Haifa, was first called al-imara al-jadida (Arabic: 'the new construction') by some, but others residing there called it Haifa al-Jadida ('New Haifa') at first, and then simply Haifa . In
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#1732801323986804-631: Is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv —with a population of 290,306 in 2022. The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area , the third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel. It is home to the Baháʼí Faith 's Baháʼí World Centre , and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a destination for Baháʼí pilgrimage . Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel ,
871-718: Is the major regional center of northern Israel. Two respected academic institutions, the University of Haifa and the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology the oldest and top ranked university in both Israel and the Middle East, are located in Haifa, in addition to the largest K–12 school in Israel, the Hebrew Reali School . The city plays an important role in Israel's economy . It is home to Matam , one of
938-514: The Liwa of Lajjun. It had a population of 32 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, and goats or beehives. Haifa was subsequently mentioned in the accounts of travelers as a half-ruined impoverished village with few inhabitants. The expansion of commercial trade between Europe and Palestine in the 17th century saw Haifa's revival as a flourishing port as more ships began docking there rather than Acre . In 1742, Haifa
1005-798: The Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration at Yeshiva University in New York City and supported schools and educational institutions in Canada and Israel. His aim to support education in multiple and diverse ways guides the Azrieli Foundation to this day. The Foundation has disbursed over CA$ 450 million since 1989. Notable donations in that time include: the Azrieli Schools of Architecture at Tel Aviv University and Carleton University ;
1072-723: The Baháʼí Faith when the remains of the Báb , founder of the Bábí Faith and forerunner of Baháʼu'lláh in the Baháʼí Faith, were moved from Acre to Haifa and interred in the shrine built on Mount Carmel. Baháʼís consider the shrine to be their second holiest place on Earth after the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh in Acre. Its precise location on Mount Carmel was shown by Baháʼu'lláh himself to his eldest son, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá , in 1891. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá planned
1139-607: The Battle of Hattin , Saladin 's Ayyubid army captured Haifa in mid-July 1187 and the city's Crusader fortress was destroyed. The Crusaders under Richard the Lionheart retook Haifa in 1191. In the 12th century religious hermits started inhabiting the caves on Mount Carmel, and in the 13th century they formed a new Catholic monastic order, the Carmelites . Under Muslim rule, the church which they had built on Mount Carmel
1206-532: The British . During the Battle of Haifa in the 1948 Palestine war , most of the city's Arab population fled or were expelled . That year, the city became part of the then-newly-established state of Israel. As of 2016 , the city is a major seaport located on Israel's Mediterranean coastline in the Bay of Haifa covering 63.7 km (24.6 sq mi). It lies about 90 km (56 mi) north of Tel Aviv and
1273-533: The COVID-19 pandemic . As of 1 October 2020, the Foundation pledged CA$ 8.6 million for pandemic-related initiatives, including food relief, hospitals and long-term care institutions, and support for the vulnerable, including Holocaust survivors , people with disabilities, people experiencing homelessness, and students. In 1969, the heirs of Canadian railway magnate William Cornelius Van Horne put up for sale
1340-648: The Ficus sycomorus ', and in Arabic as Tell el-Semak or Tell es-Samak , meaning 'mound of the sumak trees', names that preserved and transformed the ancient name, by which the town is mentioned once in the Mishnah (composed c. 200 CE) for the wild fruits that grow around it. The name Efa first appears during Roman rule , some time after the end of the 1st century, when a Roman fortress and small Jewish settlement were established not far from Tel Shikmona. Haifa
1407-793: The Hebrew Bible . A grotto on the top of Mount Carmel is known as the "Cave of Elijah", traditionally linked to the Prophet Elijah and his apprentice, Elisha. In Arabic, the highest peak of the Carmel range is called the Muhraka , or "place of burning", harking back to the burnt offerings and sacrifices there in Canaanite and early Israelite times. In the 6th century BCE, during the Persian period, Greek geographer Scylax wrote of
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#17328013239861474-694: The Hejaz Railway , known as the Jezreel Valley railway , was built between 1903 and 1905. The railway increased the city's volume of trade, and attracted workers and foreign merchants. In 1912, construction began on the Technion Institute of Technology, a Jewish technical school that was to later become one of Israel's top universities, although studies did not begin until 1924. The Jews of Haifa also founded numerous factories and cultural institutions. In 1909, Haifa became important to
1541-706: The Van Horne Mansion in the Canadian city of Montreal . A buyer was not found until 1973, when Azrieli bought the land. His intention to raze the mansion was met with fierce opposition from many groups opposed to the demolition spree of the Golden Square Mile , including René Lépine , another prominent Canadian real estate developer who owned the building next to the Van Horne Mansion and who wanted to buy it back from Azrieli to restore
1608-657: The Yishuv . By 1945, except for one of his brothers, Azrieli's entire family had been murdered in the Holocaust throughout German-occupied Europe . Between 1943 and 1946, Azrieli studied architecture at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in the city of Haifa , but did not complete his degree. He subsequently enlisted with the 7th Brigade of the Haganah and fought in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War . In 1954, he immigrated to Canada from Israel , settling down in
1675-474: The 12th century, called it Caiphas , and believe its name related to Cephas, the Aramaic name of Simon Peter . Eusebius is also said to have referred to Hefa as Caiaphas civitas , and Benjamin of Tudela , the 12th-century Jewish traveller and chronicler, is said to have attributed the city's founding to Caiaphas , the Jewish high priest at the time of Jesus. Haifa al-'Atiqa (Arabic: 'Ancient Haifa')
1742-685: The 3rd century CE, Haifa was first mentioned in Talmudic literature, as a Jewish fishing village and the home of Rabbi Avdimi and other Jewish scholars. According to the Talmud, fishermen caught Murex , sea snails which yielded purple dye used to make tallit (Jewish prayer shawls) from Haifa to the Ladder of the Tyrians . Tombs dating from the Roman era, including Jewish burial caves , have been found in
1809-474: The Arab residents to obey orders, be alert, keep calm, and added: "Keep away the cowards who wish to flee. Expell them from your lines. Despise them, because they harm more than the enemy". Despite the efforts, Arab residents abandoned the streets which bordered Jewish neighborhoods and during the days of the general strike instigated by the Arab Higher Committee , some 250 Arab families abandoned
1876-640: The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine at Bar-Ilan University , the creation of the Azrieli Institute for Educational Empowerment, Azrieli Institute for Systems Biology at Weizmann Institute of Science , Azrieli Institute of Israel Studies at Concordia University , and the School of Continuing Studies at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology . In 2020, the Azrieli Foundation created an emergency fund to be allocated to meet urgent needs caused by
1943-845: The Azrieli Group public in the largest ever IPO on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange . It is now the largest real estate company in the country. Its projects include a number of Israeli commercial centres, including the first enclosed mall in Israel (the Canion Ayalon in Ramat Gan ) as well as the Malha Mall in Jerusalem and the Beersheba Shopping Mall ( Canion ha- Negev ) . He also built
2010-573: The First Aliyah period. The Central Jewish Colonisation Society in Romania purchased over 1,000 acres (4.0 km ) near Haifa. As the Jewish settlers had been city dwellers, they hired the former fellahin tenants to instruct them in agriculture. The Jewish population rose from 1,500 in 1900 to 3,000 on the eve of World War I . In the early 20th century, Haifa began to emerge as an industrial port city and growing population center. A branch of
2077-512: The Greek names Sycaminon or Sycaminos Polis. References to this city end with the Byzantine period. Around the 6th century, Porphyreon or Porphyrea is mentioned in the writings of William of Tyre , and while it lies within the area covered by modern Haifa, it was a settlement situated south of Haifa-Sycaminon. Following the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Haifa was used to refer to
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2144-546: The Hebrew word חוֹף ( hof ), meaning "shore", or חוֹף יָפֶה ( hof yafe ), meaning "beautiful shore". Other spellings in English included Caipha , Kaipha , Caiffa , Kaiffa and Khaifa . The earliest named settlement within the area of modern-day Haifa was the city Sycaminum. The remains of the ancient town can be found in a coastal tell , or archaeological mound, known in Hebrew as Tel Shikmona , meaning 'mound of
2211-564: The Jewish community of Haifa. In 1839 the Jewish population numbered 124. Due to the growing influence of the Carmelite monks, Haifa's Christian population also grew. By 1840 approximately 40% of the inhabitants were Christian Arabs. The arrival of German messianics, many of whom were Templers , in 1868, who settled in what is now known as the German Colony , was a turning point in Haifa's development. The Templers built and operated
2278-651: The Khalisa neighborhood. On 30 December 1947, members of the Irgun , a Jewish underground militia, threw bombs into a crowd of Arabs outside the gates of the Consolidated Refineries in Haifa, killing six and injuring 42. In response, Arab employees of the company killed 39 Jewish employees in what became known as the Haifa Oil Refinery massacre . The Jewish Haganah militia retaliated with
2345-532: The Sarona neighborhood, Tel Aviv, Israel Education Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem , an Israeli public academic college Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration , graduate school part of Yeshiva University See also [ edit ] Asrael Asriel Azrael Azri'el Azriel (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
2412-597: The [Azrieli] foundation’s or company’s websites is that in 2010 the Azrieli Group apparently donated NIS 30,000 (CAD $ 10,000) to Im Tirtzu " even though the Azrieli group "claims it has no political agenda." The donation was made specifically "to a project to stop the academic boycott of Israel " by Palestinian -led initiatives. Haifa Haifa ( / ˈ h aɪ f ə / HY -fə ; Hebrew : חֵיפָה , romanized : Ḥēyfā , IPA: [ˈχajfa] ; Arabic : حَيْفَا , romanized : Ḥayfā )
2479-483: The age of 75, he earned a Masters of Architecture from Carleton University in the city of Ottawa . In 1957, he married Stephanie Lefcort. They have four children: Rafael, Sharon , Naomi, and Danna . For the last ten years of his life, Azrieli and his wife resided in the Israeli city of Herzliya for five months per year and in the Canadian city of Westmount for the rest of the year. On July 9, 2014, he died at
2546-661: The age of 92 in his lakeside house at Ivry-sur-le-Lac . In Montreal , he established his building business, beginning with the construction of small duplexes and working his way up to apartment buildings and, later on, shopping malls. Azrieli's building projects can be seen in the office buildings, high-rise residences, office towers, and shopping centres that he built in Canada , the United States , and Israel . His two companies are Montreal-based Canpro Investments Ltd. and Tel Aviv –based Azrieli Group Ltd. In 2010, he took
2613-612: The area. Under Byzantine rule, Haifa continued to grow but did not assume major importance. A kinah speaks of the destruction of the Jewish community of Haifa along with other communities when the Byzantines reconquered the country from the Sasanian Empire in 628 during the Byzantine-Sasanian War . Following the Arab conquest of Palestine in the 630s–40s, Haifa was largely overlooked in favor of
2680-399: The campaign's final proclamation , Napoleon took credit for having razed the fortifications of "Kaïffa" (as the name was spelled at the time) along with those of Gaza , Jaffa and Acre. Between 1831 and 1840, the Egyptian viceroy Muhammad Ali governed Haifa, after his son Ibrahim Pasha had wrested control over it from the Ottomans. When the Egyptian occupation ended and Acre declined,
2747-421: The censuses of 1922 and 1931, the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian populations rose by 217%, 256%, and 156%, respectively. In 1938, 99,000 people (including 48,000 Jews) lived in Haifa. Haifa's development owed much to British plans to make it a central port and hub for Middle-East crude oil. The British Government of Palestine developed the port and built refineries , thereby facilitating the rapid development of
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2814-695: The city as a center for the country's heavy industries. Haifa was also among the first towns to be fully electrified. The Palestine Electric Company inaugurated the Haifa Electrical Power Station already in 1925, opening the door to considerable industrialization. The State-run Palestine Railways also built its main workshops in Haifa. By 1945 the population was 138,300 (75,500 Jews, 35,940 Muslims, 26,570 Christians, and 290 "other"). In 1947, about 70,910 Arabs (41,000 Muslims and 29,910 Christians) and 74,230 Jews were living there. The Christian community were mostly Greek-Melkite Catholics . The 1947 UN Partition Plan in late November 1947 designated Haifa as part of
2881-408: The city of Montreal . In Canada, he reconnected with a few of his first cousins who had also survived the Holocaust and fled from Europe, including Henia Azrieli Rosenfeld. He routinely came for Shabbat dinner to Henia’s home while working and studying. In Montreal, Azrieli enrolled at the Thomas More Institute (now part of Bishop's University ), where he completed a Bachelor of Arts in 1956. At
2948-413: The city. In 1875, the Jewish community of Haifa held its own census which counted the Jewish population at about 200. The First Aliyah of the late 19th century and the Second Aliyah of the early 20th century saw Jewish immigrants, mainly from Eastern Europe, arrive in Haifa in significant numbers. In particular, a significant number of Jewish immigrants from Romania settled in Haifa in the 1880s during
3015-427: The coast, barefoot and naked, to wait for their turn to travel to Lebanon. They left their homeland, their houses, their possessions, their money, their welfare, and their trades, to surrender their dignity and their souls. The operation led to a massive displacement of Haifa's Arab population, and was part of the larger 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight . According to The Economist at the time, only 5,000–6,000 of
3082-466: The downtown, controlled by a combination of local and foreign (ALA) Arab irregulars, was assaulted by Jewish forces in Operation Bi'ur Hametz by the Carmeli Brigade of the Haganah, commanded by Moshe Carmel . Arab neighborhoods were attacked with mortars and gunfire, which, according to Ilan Pappé , culminated in an attack on a Palestinian crowd in the old marketplace using three-inch (76 mm) mortars on 22 April 1948. Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim ,
3149-421: The early 20th century, Haifa al 'Atiqa was repopulated with many Arab Christians in an overall neighborhood in which many Middle Eastern Jews were established inhabitants, as Haifa expanded outward from its new location. A town known today as Tell Abu Hawam was established during the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE). It was a port and fishing village. Mount Carmel and the Kishon River are mentioned in
3216-407: The environs of Haifa. Many Jewish immigrants of the Fourth Aliyah and Fifth Aliyah settled in Haifa. The port was a major source of income, and the nearby Jewish towns of the Krayot were established in the 1930s. At the same time, the Arab population also swelled by an influx of migrants, coming mainly from surrounding villages as well as the Syrian Hauran . The Arab immigration mainly came as
3283-510: The eponymous Azrieli Centre in Tel Aviv , the largest real estate project in Israel, which includes three skyscrapers in the heart of Tel Aviv and has become an architectural landmark at the core of Israel's business industry. The Azrieli Foundation was established by David Azrieli in 1989 to support initiatives and develop and operate programs that promote access to education and the achievement of excellence in various fields of knowledge and activity. Azrieli's early philanthropy established
3350-433: The importance of Haifa rose. In 1858, the walled city of Haifa was overcrowded and the first houses began to be built outside the city walls on the mountain slope. The British Survey of Western Palestine estimated Haifa's population to be about 3,000 in 1859. Haifa remained majority Muslim throughout this time but a small Jewish community continued to exist there. In 1798, Rabbi Nachman of Breslov spent Rosh HaShana with
3417-421: The majority of the city's homes to prevent the European Crusaders from returning. From the time of its conquest by the Mamluks to the 15th century, Haifa was an unfortified small village or uninhabited. At various times there were a few Jews living there and both Jews and Christians made pilgrimages to the Cave of Elijah on Mount Carmel. During Mamluk rule in the 14th century, al-Idrisi wrote that Haifa served as
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#17328013239863484-472: The mansion instead of developing the land. However, Azrieli remained committed to demolishing the historic landmark and ended up doing so on 8 September 1973. The Azrieli-built Sofitel Montreal now stands on the property. As a direct result of this action, the Canadian advocacy group Save Montreal was formed to organize resistance to future demolitions of designated heritage sites. The Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported that "What you won’t find on either
3551-401: The name Haifa remains unclear. One theory holds it derives from the name of the high priest Caiaphas . Some Christians believe it was named for Saint Peter , whose Aramaic name was Keipha. Another theory holds it could be derived from the Hebrew verb root חפה ( hafa ), from H-f-h root (ח-פ-ה), meaning to cover or shield, i.e. Mount Carmel covers Haifa; others point to a possible origin in
3618-419: The old site. According to historian Moshe Sharon, the new Haifa was established by Zahir in 1769. This event marked the beginning of modern Haifa. After al-Umar's death in 1775, the town remained under Ottoman rule until 1918, with the exception of two brief periods. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Haifa during his unsuccessful campaign to conquer Palestine and Syria , but he soon had to withdraw; in
3685-493: The oldest and largest high-tech parks in the country; and prior to the opening of Tel Aviv Light Rail , Haifa is the only city with underground rapid transit system in Israel known as the Carmelit . Haifa Bay is a center of heavy industry , petroleum refining and chemical processing. Haifa formerly functioned as the western terminus of an oil pipeline from Iraq via Jordan . It is one of Israel's mixed cities , with an Arab-Israeli population of c.10%. The ultimate origin of
3752-464: The port city of 'Akka . Under the Rashidun Caliphate , Haifa began to develop. In the 9th century under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates , Haifa established trading relations with Egyptian ports and the city featured several shipyards. The inhabitants, Arabs and Jews, engaged in trade and maritime commerce. Glass production and dye-making from marine snails were the city's most lucrative industries. Prosperity ended in 1100 or 1101, when Haifa
3819-429: The port for Tiberias and featured a "fine harbor for the anchorage of galleys and other vessels. Haifa was apparently uninhabited at the time the Ottoman Empire conquered Palestine in 1516. The first indication of its resettlement was given in a description by German traveller Leonhard Rauwolf , who visited Palestine in 1575. In 1596, Haifa appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Sahil Atlit of
3886-405: The proposed Jewish state . Arab protests over that decision evolved into violence between Jews and Arabs that left several dozen people dead during December. The Arab city was in a state of chaos. The local Arab national committee tried to stabilize the situation by organizing garrison, calming the frightened residents and to stop the flight. In a public statement, the national committee called upon
3953-515: The settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam , a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE). In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a dye-making center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the Canaanites , Israelites , Phoenicians , Assyrians , Babylonians , Persians , Hasmoneans , Romans , Byzantines , Arabs , Crusaders , Ottomans , and
4020-402: The structure, which was designed and completed several years later by his grandson, Shoghi Effendi . In a separate room, the remains of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá were buried in November 1921. Haifa was captured from the Ottomans in September 1918 by Indian horsemen of the British Army armed with spears and swords who overran Ottoman positions. On 22 September, British troops were heading to Nazareth when
4087-553: The title Azrieli . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azrieli&oldid=1068756811 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages David Azrieli David Joshua Azrieli CM CQ ( Hebrew : דוד יהושע עזריאלי ; 10 May 1922 – 9 July 2014)
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#17328013239864154-421: The town's growing prosperity. Jews constituted one-eighth of Haifa's population, almost all of whom were recent immigrants from Morocco and Turkey who lived in the Jewish Quarter, which was located in the eastern part of the town. Continued Jewish immigration gradually raised the Jewish population of Haifa, and included a small number of Ashkenazi families, most of whom opened hotels for Jewish migrants coming into
4221-400: Was a small village and had a Jewish community composed mainly of immigrants from Morocco and Algeria which had a synagogue. It had 250 inhabitants in 1764–5. It was located at Tell el-Semak, the site of ancient Sycaminum. In 1765, Zahir al-Umar , the Arab ruler of Acre and the Galilee , moved the population to a new fortified site 1.5 mi (2.4 km) to the east and laid waste to
4288-405: Was an Israeli-Canadian tycoon, real estate developer , architect, and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of US$ 3.1 billion in March 2013, he was ranked by Forbes as the ninth-wealthiest Canadian and the 401st wealthiest person overall. In 1989, he founded the philanthropic Azrieli Foundation, to which he bequeathed the bulk of his estate upon his death in 2014. Azrieli was born into
4355-445: Was besieged and blockaded by European Christians shortly after the end of the First Crusade , and then conquered after a fierce battle with its Jewish inhabitants and Fatimid garrison. Jews comprised the majority of the city's population at the time. Under the Crusaders, Haifa was reduced to a small fortified coastal stronghold. It was a part of the Principality of Galilee within the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Following their victory at
4422-419: Was located near the town of Shikmona, a center for making the traditional Tekhelet dye used in the garments of the high priests in the Temple. The archaeological site of Shikmona is southwest of Bat Galim. Early Haifa is believed to have occupied the area which extends from the present-day Rambam Hospital to the Jewish Cemetery on Yafo Street. The inhabitants engaged in fishing and agriculture. In about
4489-403: Was turned into a mosque, later becoming a hospital. In the 19th century, it was restored as a Carmelite monastery, the Stella Maris Monastery . The altar of the church as we see it today, stands over a cave associated with Prophet Elijah. In 1265, the army of Mamluk sultan Baibars captured Haifa , destroying its fortifications, which had been rebuilt by King Louis IX of France , as well as
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