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111-580: BBC Radio London is the BBC's local radio station serving Greater London . It broadcasts on FM , DAB , digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at Broadcasting House in Langham Place, London . According to RAJAR , the station has a weekly audience of 548,000 listeners and a 0.9% share as of December 2023. Local radio arrived in London as part of the second wave of BBC local stations, following

222-488: A brand new custom-made jingle package by Reelworld, based in MediaCity UK , Salford . The new jingle package was rolled out to all BBC Local Radio stations over the course of the year, alongside a refreshed "on air" sound to help encourage younger listeners to the station. The new station branding also incorporates a new tag line, "The Sound of *area of coverage*, and all the music you love". The new jingle package marked

333-589: A broad "Asian/Asian British" ("Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" in Scotland) heading in all parts of the UK. Shown in order, as listed on the 2011 Census form, the five categories of Asian British are: There are several regional subgroupings of Asian British people, and Asians living in the United Kingdom generally. As approximately defined concepts, sometimes due to varying geographical regionalisation of

444-481: A campaign called Londumb Live was briefly launched as a response to the axing of a number of specialist shows including Coldcut and Ross Allen. Another presenter, Henry Bonsu , was controversially sacked for reportedly being "too intellectual". BBC London 94.9 was the first BBC local radio station to air a 24-hour live-stream online, which coincided with the 2001 re-launch. It also aired on DAB Digital Radio (from July 2000) and on Sky channel 0152 (from 2005) in

555-458: A combined audience of 6.9 million, with a listening share of 4.9%, according to RAJAR . The popularity of pirate radio was to challenge a change within the at the time very "stiff" and blinkered management at the BBC. The most prominent concession by the BBC was the creation of BBC Radio 1 to satisfy the ever-demanding new youth culture with their thirst for new, popular music. The other, however,

666-871: A further eight BBC Local Radio stations - BBC Essex , BBC Radio Cambridgeshire , BBC Radio Devon , BBC Radio Leeds , BBC Radio Sheffield , BBC Hereford & Worcester , BBC Radio Stoke and BBC Radio Lancashire - stopped broadcasting on MW. As of May 2024, only BBC Radio Cumbria (in North Cumbria and South Cumbria), BBC Radio Derby , BBC Radio Gloucestershire , BBC Radio Guernsey , BBC Radio Jersey , BBC Radio Norfolk (in West Norfolk ) and BBC Radio Somerset , still broadcast on MW. Due to sports rights broadcasting restrictions, some commentaries are not available on BBC Sounds. In this instance, an alternative national programme will usually be broadcast on Saturday afternoons. Overnight events are replaced by

777-519: A looping message explaining this is broadcast. A list of the forty local radio stations by region . In addition to these stations, BBC Radio Solent operates an opt-out service covering Dorset . There were also opt-out services covering Milton Keynes ( BBC Three Counties Radio ), Peterborough and the Fens ( BBC Radio Cambridgeshire ), Plymouth ( BBC Radio Devon ), and Swindon ( BBC Wiltshire ); but these ceased in 2012 due to cutbacks as part of

888-487: A mainstream and specialist audience. In 1999, following a consultation exercise on local broadcasting in the South East , the BBC decided to rebrand GLR and substantially change the programming. A campaign to "Save GLR" was organised and a petition was delivered to the BBC. The argument became acrimonious. In particular, those opposed to the changes argued that the BBC never organised a public meeting in London as part of

999-540: A number of Asian characters portrayed by British actors of Asian heritage. Tsai Chin , the first Asian British actress to play a Bond girl , appeared in 1967's You Only Live Twice and the 2006 re-make of Casino Royale . Burt Kwouk , who appeared in over fifty films, including three of the James Bond film series , received an OBE for services to drama in 2010. Art Malik had notable roles in The Jewel in

1110-465: A phone-in. Then there was Drivetime with Eddie Nestor and Kath Melandri , with news updates, sport, travel and debates with the public. Specialist programmes for the Black community emerged at the weekends along with sports coverage and alternative music shows in the evening. BBC London also saw the return of Tony Blackburn on Saturdays, more than 20 years since he first appeared on the station. His show

1221-443: A policy of "speech shoulders", forcing GLR to drop its music / speech mix at breakfast and drive times. Dann resigned in protest and left the BBC. Steve Panton, formerly Managing Editor of BBC Radio Solent , took over at GLR in 1993. One of its noted DJs on-air at the time was Gary Crowley , who had a weekend show which regularly showcased new and unsigned bands. Kaleem Sheikh presented the A to Z of Indian Film and Classical music to

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1332-416: A programme for the gay community, Lavender Lounge , was launched. It was presented by comedian Amy Lamé . Weekends featured extensive sports coverage, centring on football and London's numerous clubs such as Arsenal , Tottenham , and West Ham United . In 1989, GLR set up a youth-based radio training facility at Vauxhall College , SW8, which was followed by a second course based at White City , W12. This

1443-564: A separate heading. In Scotland, all of these tick-boxes were grouped together under an "Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" heading, and in Northern Ireland no broad headings were used, just tick-boxes for each of the Asian groups. The 2011 census questionnaire was more consistent with regard to the grouping of Asian ethnicities, such that Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese and any other Asian background options appeared under

1554-509: A sizeable number of Gujarati Muslims speak Urdu for religious and cultural reasons. Bangladeshis mainly speak Sylheti Bengali and other dialects of Bengali. People from Sri Lanka speak Tamil and Sinhala . Speakers of different dialects mainly refer to their dialects as the main language, for example Sylheti Bengali speakers refer to the Sylheti dialect as just "Bengali" and Mirpuri speakers sometimes say they speak Punjabi. The reason for this

1665-481: A smaller form and is mostly broadcast at weekends. 51°31′07″N 0°08′35″W  /  51.5185°N 0.1431°W  / 51.5185; -0.1431 BBC Local Radio BBC Local Radio (also referred to as Local BBC Radio ) is the BBC 's local and regional radio division for England and the Channel Islands , consisting of forty stations. As of December 2023, the network broadcasts to

1776-562: A string of awards and accolades. One of its programmes on the schedule was Black Londoners , devised by Ray Criushank, a community relations officer for the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham , and presented by Alex Pascall . The programme helped to develop on-air talent from London's Afro-Caribbean community, namely Juliet Alexander , Syd Burke and Mike Phillips and was the pioneering programme on television or radio to regularly speak to Black Londoners. The programme's title

1887-529: A successful pilot project headed by Frank Gillard , who on visiting the United States, discovered local radio stations of varying formats and brought the concept to Britain. Test transmissions for the new local radio station were carried out from Wrotham , Kent , on 95.3 MHz in FM mono , relaying BBC Radio 1 (at the time broadcast only on medium wave ), with several announcements informing listeners of

1998-457: A three note jingle package produced by Mcasso Music Production was gradually rolled out across the network, and was in use by all BBC Local Radio stations. Mcasso also updated the imaging in October 2015 which was launched by BBC Radio London (on the day of the station's 45th anniversary) replacing the three-note package with a six-note package. In January 2020, BBC Radio Leicester launched

2109-425: A total Asian British population of 4,373,339 (6.9 per cent of the total population), excluding people of mixed ethnicity. The 2011 population represented a 1,794,513 increase on the 2001 United Kingdom census figures. All five of the subcategories (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, and Other Asian) rose in their own right, representing both outright population growth, as well as increased demographic share of

2220-523: A weekend show, ending in 1993. Danny Baker presented Weekend Breakfast from 1989 to 1990 and then returned to present a Sunday morning show from 1996 to 1998. Janice Long presented the Breakfast show on the station from 1989 to 1991, and Kevin Greening started as a producer in 1989, before becoming a presenter of the Breakfast show with Jeremy Nicholas in 1991. Bob Harris also presented shows for

2331-573: A while, even managing to outdo Capital Radio 's traffic plane, known as the Flying Eye . Three years into the new relaunch, the station was given an additional three years to prove itself to its audience by senior BBC management or close for good; this threat was also applied to its other metropolitan BBC local radio stations BBC WM in Birmingham and BBC GMR in Manchester . The threat

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2442-706: Is a long history of migration to the United Kingdom (and its predecessor states) from across Asia . British colonies and protectorates throughout Asia brought lascars (sailors and militiamen) to port cities in Britain. Immigration of small numbers of South Asians to England began with the arrival of the East India Company to the Indian subcontinent , and the decline of the Mughal Empire , at

2553-423: Is available as a listen-again service on BBC Sounds . England Unwrapped was launched in 2019 and shares stories made by Local Radio teams. British Asian Represented predominantly by South Asian ethnic groups , census data regarding birthplace and ethnicity demonstrate around a million Asian British people derive their ancestry between East Asia , Southeast Asia , Central Asia , and West Asia . Since

2664-507: Is that for any given ethnic community, their region-specific dialect is the normative form of the language used. Asian Britons have significant numbers of adherents to various major religions. Based on 2011 census figures for England and Wales (94.7 percent of UK statistics), Muslims account for 43% of the group, while Hindus make up over 18%, and Christians almost 11%. Sikhs constitute nearly 9% of British Asians, and 3.5% are Buddhists. British Chinese are mainly irreligious , with 55% of

2775-692: Is unclear. If the Romany are included, then the earliest arrivals were in the Middle Ages . DNA surveys have linked Romanies to present-day South Asian populations and the Romani language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family . Romanies are believed to have begun travelling westward around 1000 CE, and have mixed with Middle Eastern and European populations over many centuries. Romani began arriving in sizeable numbers in parts of Western Europe in

2886-450: The 2001 census , British people of general Asian descent have been included in the "Asian/Asian British" grouping ("Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" grouping in Scotland) of the UK census questionnaires. Categories for British Indians , British Pakistanis , British Bangladeshis , British Chinese , British Hongkongers and other Asians have existed under an Asian British heading since

2997-700: The 2011 United Kingdom census . Census results show that Asian Britons with descent from across all of Asia are represented in the UK. For example, births in the Philippines and Thailand in Southeast Asia , or Iran and Iraq in West Asia , are among the highest in the Other Asian subcategory of "Asian / Asian British". Outside of the census, organisation and bodies have made explicit use of such geographic classifications. These have included

3108-543: The 2011 census , the two categories Chinese and Other Asian were listed explicitly under the broad heading and within the grouping of "Asian/Asian British". According to the 2021 United Kingdom census , those identifying as Asian British in England and Wales enumerated 5,515,420, or 9.3% of the population In Northern Ireland, 30,667, or 1.6% of the population, identified as Asian or British Asian. The census in Scotland

3219-780: The Ahmadiyya Community), Sheikh Abdul Qayum (one of the best known scholars in Europe and Chief Imam of East London Mosque ), Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq (Khateeb of Birmingham Central Mosque ), Dr. Mahmudul Hasan (Khateeb of Essex Mosque), Abdur Rahman Madani (Chairman of Global Eid Trust and Chief Imam of Darul Ummah Mosque), Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (principal of Hijaz College ), Ajmal Masroor (Imam and Liberal Democrats politician) and Pramukh Swami Maharaj (fifth spiritual successor of Hindu Swaminarayan ). The earliest date at which South Asians settled in Great Britain

3330-634: The Asian continent , the subgroups are often utilized in broad ethnic or cultural classification. Despite wider use, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) does not provide geographic distinctions within the census, meaning all people born in Asia (regardless of region), or with Asian ancestry, are provided designation as "Asian / Asian British". The ONS did, however, acknowledge East, South, Southeast and West Asian individuals in its final recommendations report for

3441-635: The British Heart Foundation , the Greater London Authority , and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office . In alphabetical order, some of these subgroups are: Terms to describe British people with Asian heritage are varied and are subject to gradual change created by study in academia, reporting in journalistic works, coverage in other media forms, as well as concepts of self-identity and personhood. Some of

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3552-639: The Commonwealth ). Immigrants from former Caribbean colonies (including Indo-Caribbeans ) were also moving to Britain. Although this immigration was continuous, several distinct phases can be identified: Bengali social reformer and founder of the All-India Seamen's Federation, Aftab Ali 's work is recognised to have helped thousands of Asian lascars to migrate, settle and find employment in Britain . He organised rallies and meetings with

3663-529: The Coronavirus pandemic , BBC Radio 5 Live suspended overnight programmes between 01:00 and 05:00 and carried the output of BBC Radio London. This continued until early July, when 5 Live resumed its overnight programming. In 2022, presenter Salma El-Wardany took over the Breakfast Show, after Vanessa Feltz left the station after almost twenty years. Local programming is produced and broadcast from

3774-739: The East London Mosque , London Central Mosque , Birmingham Central Mosque , Baitul Futuh Mosque , BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London , Bradford Lakshmi Narayan Hindu Temple , Shikharbandi Jain Derasar in Potters Bar , Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha in Southall and Guru Nanak Darbar Gurdwara in Gravesend . The publication of Salman Rushdie 's novel The Satanic Verses in 1988 caused major controversy . Muslims condemned

3885-513: The Mandarin , Cantonese , Min , and Hakka languages. The language spoken by Indians are Punjabi , Gujarati , Kutchi , Hindustani ( Hindi – Urdu ), Bengali , Tamil , Telugu and Malayalam . People from Pakistan speak Urdu , Punjabi , Mirpuri , Hindko (dialects of Punjabi), Sindhi , Kashmiri , Pashto and Saraiki . Gujaratis who emigrated from India and East Africa speak Gujarati , Hindi , and Kutchi (a dialect of Sindhi), while

3996-683: The Mirpur District in Azad Kashmir . The second largest ethnic group of British Pakistanis are the Punjabi people, largely from Attock District of Punjab followed by Pashtuns and other ethnic groups from the districts of Nowshera , Peshawar and Ghazi in province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . In the London Borough of Waltham Forest there are substantial numbers of Pakistani people originating from Jhelum , Punjab. Studies have shown 95 per cent of British Bangladeshis originate from

4107-943: The Prince of Sylhet . The man was waited upon by the British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger , and then dined with the Duke of York before presenting himself in front of the King. When the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut, India in 1498, he established the first European-Asian sea route (commonly called the Cape Route), opening up direct maritime passage between South Asia and Europe. An extension of this route, devised by

4218-532: The Sylhet Division , located in the Northeastern part of Bangladesh. British Chinese people originate primarily from former British colonies, such as Hong Kong , but also from areas of Southeast Asia , where they were already diasporic populations. There have been three waves of migration of Hindus in the United Kingdom. The first wave was before India's independence in 1947. In the early 1950s

4329-466: The licence fee to be scrapped. Leading the relaunch was Station Director David Robey, who hired such personalities as Lisa I'Anson , Vanessa Feltz , Tom Watt , and various black presenters including Eddie Nestor and Dotun Adebayo . In October 2001, the name was changed to BBC London 94.9 . Newly updated jingles were added with its new slogan "On TV, On Radio, Online" , voiced by BBC London News host Emily Maitlis . The overall branding for this

4440-453: The "Asian / Asian British: Other" group by birthplace: ONS = Office for National Statistics, coding index. The unemployment rate among Indian men was only slightly higher than that for White British or White Irish men, 7 per cent compared with 5 per cent for the other two groups. On the other hand, Pakistanis have higher unemployment rates of 13–14%, and Bangladeshis have one of the highest rates, around 23%. Some surveys also revealed

4551-407: The 16th century. The Romani who settled in Britain are sometimes known as Romanichal , but there are several subgroups within the Romani population of the United Kingdom today. The first educated South Asian to travel to Europe and live in Britain was I'tisam-ud-Din , a Bengali Muslim cleric, munshi and diplomat to the Mughal Empire who arrived in 1765 with his servant Muhammad Muqim during

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4662-515: The 2005 Frank Gillard Awards for BBC Local Radio, the corporation hired two actors to represent the fictional couple and award a prize to the "Receptionist of the Year". Mia Costello of BBC Radio Solent wrote a controversial internal memo in October 2006, re-stating the importance of these characters. She wrote: "Whatever job you do on station, make sure this week, you broadcast to Dave and Sue – people in their fifties. Only put on callers sounding in

4773-536: The 2011 census. In British English usage, especially in less formal contexts, the term "Asian" usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to the Indian subcontinent or South Asia , contrary to other Anglosphere countries such as Australia and the United States , where the term "Asian" usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to the Far East ( East , North and Southeast Asia ). There

4884-489: The 45–64 range. I don't want to hear really elderly voices. Only talk about things that are positive and appealing to people in this age range. Only do caller round ups about people in this age range." This was reprinted the following month in the Southern Daily Echo , following which a BBC spokesperson commented "Out of context these notes sound harsh and we apologise if they offend anyone." BBC Local Radio

4995-730: The Asian lascars, Austronesian Malay people , from Southeast Asia, formed a significant part of the lascar population settling in, and sailing to and from Britain. From East Asia, Japanese and Chinese seamen were often operating as lascars for British ships and trading companies. From South Asia, Indians made up a huge proportion of these sea crews, particularly in the East India Company 's earliest decades of operation. Parsees (who originate from Persia , West Asia) and Luso-Asians of mixed Portuguese and Indian heritage, also came from South Asia to work as lascars. From West Asia, Armenians formed part of diverse lascar crews, and Yemenis increasingly served as lascar sailors and militiamen after

5106-512: The BBC Local Radio stations found themselves in direct competition with commercial competitors that utilised many of the popular DJs from the pirate radio stations, and that gained, in most cases, large audiences. Despite this, BBC Local Radio continued to flourish, with the current network in place by the early 1990s. The complement of stations has remained unchanged since that time. The radio stations are operated from locations around

5217-518: The BBC network and often shared programming with BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2 . For several months after launch, the station was not able to play commercial records as no agreement had been reached over so-called needle time , which led to London listeners becoming acquainted with broadcast library music from outside the UK (including the Canadian Talent Library) and music from film soundtracks. A phone-in programme, Sounding Brass ,

5328-765: The BBC said that the trial switch-off attracted very few complaints from listeners. In 2018, the MW transmissions of BBC Radios Sussex , Surrey , Humberside , Wiltshire , Nottingham, Kent and Lincolnshire ended and MW coverage for Radios Devon, Lancashire and Essex was reduced. Altogether, thirteen MW transmitters were switched off. In 2020, the MW transmissions of BBC Radio Cornwall , BBC Radio Newcastle , BBC Radio Merseyside , BBC Radio Solent , BBC Three Counties Radio and BBC Radio York ended, BBC Radio Cumbria stopped broadcasting on MW in Whitehaven and BBC Radio Norfolk 's Norwich MW transmitter went silent. In 2021,

5439-555: The BBC's "Delivering Quality First" programme. The stations were launched progressively; starting with BBC Radio Leicester on 8 November 1967, with the last station to launch being the short-lived BBC Dorset FM on 26 April 1993. Since then, many stations have been merged and renamed but no new stations have been created where no service previously existed, as plans to launch stations in unserved areas, most notably in Cheshire , have not materialised. Between October 2009 and April 2012,

5550-489: The BBC's London studios. During the station's downtime, BBC Radio London simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio Manchester . The station's output is generally similar to that of other BBC local radio stations and targets a broad, mainstream audience. While previous incarnations of the station offered a more diverse range of programmes for London's various ethnic , religious, social and cultural communities, specialist programming now remains in

5661-481: The BBC's charter-renewal strategy called Extending Choice. He was replaced as Managing Editor by Trevor Dann. Kate Marsh was appointed News Editor. In 1993, GLR was forced to relinquish its 1458 kHz medium wave frequency, for a new commercial radio station, which was eventually won by Sunrise Radio . Previously it had been simulcasting with 94.9 MHz FM, with a few programmes which occasionally opted from FM. In 1993, Nigel Chapman, Head of BBC South & East, drove through

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5772-449: The BBC's local stations were broadcast only on VHF. The start of the 1990s saw new stations, once again, launching only on FM and in 1992 and 1993, six MW transmitters - BBC Radio Cleveland , BBC Radio Northampton , BBC Radio Oxford , BBC GLR , BBC GMR and one of BBC Radio Nottingham and BBC WM 's transmitters - were switched off although three, including BBC GLR's MW frequency, were re-allocated for use by commercial radio. In 1996,

5883-409: The BBC. Each station produces local programmes on weekdays from 6am until 2pm. Depending on location and population, afternoon, evening and weekend schedules will vary from shared regional programmes to being fully local although sports coverage continues to remain local. Since October 2023, all stations take the all England Late Show which originates in London or Manchester. and since November 2023,

5994-547: The Conservative Health Minister, Enoch Powell recruited a large number of doctors from the Indian subcontinent . The second wave occurred in the 1970s mainly from East Africa . The later communities included those from Guyana , Trinidad and Tobago , Mauritius and Fiji . The last wave of migration began in the 1990s and included Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka and professionals including doctors and software engineers from India. Chinese Britons speak

6105-711: The Dutch explorer Hendrik Brouwer in 1611 and known as the Brouwer Route , subsequently found a new waterway to Southeast Asia. In the following centuries, the United Kingdom , and its predecessor states, utilised these sea routes to form the British Empire . Capitilising on their growing naval dominance among the other European powers, the British colonised the coastal areas in the West, South, Southeast and East of

6216-466: The Government of the United Kingdom to use the term Asian Briton. Research project Minorities at Risk described this as an effort "to link ethnic groups to their heritage, and to make greater recognition of the sacrifices made by members of ethnic groups during World War II ". British Asian is a widely used term to describe British persons of Asian descent with either citizenship or residency in

6327-457: The Indian unemployment rate to be 6–7% Persons of Indian or mixed Indian origin are more likely than White British to have university degrees, whereas Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are less likely. With the exception of Bangladeshi women, every other group of South Asians, have higher attendance at university than the national average. GCSE pass rates have been rising for all South Asians. In

6438-412: The London area, but it can be accessed within the UK and Ireland by manual tuning. Additional coverage for football was made possible through a combination of its DAB platform, on Sky channel 0152, and via a BBC Essex transmitter on 765 kHz medium wave (for West Ham commentaries). On 6 October 2015, BBC London 94.9 was re-branded as BBC Radio London. On 23 March 2020, to prioritise resources during

6549-448: The London radio market and its very low listening reach, the station was relaunched on 27 March 2000 as BBC London Live 94.9 . Promising even more speech and less music, London Live — originally the title for GLR's lunch-time news show (presented by Charles Carroll, now on BBC Radio 4) — was launched with new on-air personalities and new shows, including a speech-heavy breakfast show and a mid-morning phone-in and debate. Only Drivetime and

6660-509: The MW frequencies of BBC Radio Leicester and BBC WM were handed over to the BBC Asian Network . MW transmitter closures began again in 2012, initially as a five-week trial to find out if listeners would miss or complain about the lack of AM services. Two of the four transmitters partaking in the trial - BBC Radio Nottingham's MW transmitter and BBC Radio Kent 's relay at Rusthall near Tunbridge Wells - remained off-air after

6771-460: The ONS designated the "Main countries of birth of Other Asian group" (the 10 places of birth with highest recorded figures), which, in descending order of population, were: United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Iran, India, Iraq, Mauritius, Pakistan, Kenya, Nepal and Yemen. As updated a decade later by the Office for National Statistics , the 2011 United Kingdom census recorded the following population figures for

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6882-674: The Philippines are the largest foreign-national groups of National Health Service workers. South Asian ethnic groups mostly originate from a few select places in South Asia, these are known as place of origins. East Asian ethnic groups are particularly represented by the Han Chinese in the United Kingdom. British Indians tend to originate mainly from the two Indian States, Punjab and Gujarat . Evidence from Bradford and Birmingham have shown, Pakistanis originate largely from

6993-571: The Sunday evening show is also carried on all stations. All local BBC radio stations simulcast BBC Radio 5 Live from 0100 until 0600. All of the BBC Local Radio stations broadcast on FM , digital radio , Freeview and BBC Sounds in their respective areas across England, but BBC Radio London is also available on Freesat and Virgin Media . Also, until the start of the 1990s, all BBC stations used to broadcast on medium wave although initially,

7104-446: The Trust in 2020, The Guardian questioned the merit of whether the American singer was a person "who inhabits the values of the British Asian community", reporting that Perry was "neither British nor Asian". The term has also received some criticism. BBC Asian Network commissioned an opinion poll that found that the majority of Asians in the UK disliked the term due to its inferred generalisation. Academic Roxy harris has critiqued

7215-595: The UK South Asian population has higher rates of unemployment compared to the White-British population, and number of 16 to 64 year old's who were employed, by ethnicity showed Indians overall had the same ratio in employment as White-British at 76%. However those from Pakistani, Bangladeshi backgrounds have far lower rates in employment at 57%. The gap between men and women was biggest in the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic group, where 75% of men and 39% of women were employed compared to 80% of men and 73% of women amongst White-British. As of 2020 , citizens of India and

7326-439: The UK's total population from 4.4% to 6.9%. In terms of birthplace, the first four categories of "Asian / Asian British" people are vastly represented by births in the United Kingdom and the corresponding national-based category (E.g. China and "Asian / Asian British: Chinese"). The following birthplace figures cover the region of England and Wales , which constitute 94.7 percent of the UK's Asian British statistics: In 2001,

7437-474: The UK. Several Asian Britons have broken into the UK film industry , as well as Hollywood, and the U.S. film industry at large; starring in high-grossing box office films, including major film series , and receiving subsequent international recognition and media attention. In television, prominent roles in American sitcoms, series, and long-running British soap operas, such as Coronation Street , EastEnders , Emmerdale and Hollyoaks , have all had

7548-415: The UK. Although not following the UK's census formatting, there are numerous examples of the term gaining cultural traction in the country. Founded by Charles, Prince of Wales in 2007, the British Asian Trust follows the naming convention resultant from the popularity of the term, and projects an association to the category of British Asian people. After the appointment of Katy Perry as an ambassador of

7659-454: The United Kingdom came following the Second World War with the resumed control of Hong Kong , the breakup of the British Empire and the independence of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and later Bangladesh, especially during the 1950s and 1960s. An influx of Asian immigrants also took place following the expulsion or flight of Indian communities (then holders of British passports ) from the newly-independent Uganda , Kenya and Tanzania in

7770-426: The United Kingdom. In particular, Indians also came to Britain for educational or economic reasons during the British Raj (with most returning to India after a few months or years) and in greater numbers as the Indian independence movement led to the partition of 1947 , eventually creating the separate countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The most significant wave of Asian immigration to and settlement in

7881-995: The arrival of Asians with British passports from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. At first these were the people employed in government and administrative roles, but this was expanded to include those Asians engaged in commerce. The movement was called the "Exodus". In 1972, all South Asians were expelled from Uganda by the controversial figure Idi Amin , then president of Uganda. Those holding British passports came to Britain. Many such displaced people who were predominantly of Gujarati origins had left behind successful businesses and vast commercial empires in Uganda, but built up their lives all over again in Britain, starting from scratch. Some of these "twice-over" migrants became retailers, while others found suitable employment in white-collar professions. The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and Immigration Act 1971 largely restricted any further primary immigration , although family members of already-settled migrants were still allowed. In addition, much of

7992-550: The book for blasphemy . On 2 December 1988 the book was publicly burned at a demonstration in Bolton attended by 7,000 Muslims, followed by a similar demonstration and book-burning in Bradford on 14 January 1989. In 1989 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to kill Rushdie. Britain is also home of notable Asian religious leaders and scholars. Some of them are Mirza Masroor Ahmad (Caliph of

8103-720: The completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, going on to open businesses, like boarding houses , in port cities such as Cardiff and South Shields. There were also the Ceylonese (Sri Lankans) and the Bengalis who also took part in sailing. Following the Second World War and the breakup of the British Empire , South Asian migration to the UK increased through the 1950s and 1960s from Pakistan (including present-day Bangladesh), India and Sri Lanka (who are all members of

8214-507: The consultation exercise and, when one was organised by supporters of the station, no one involved in the consultation exercise attended. Although the campaign was unsuccessful in saving GLR and the rebranding went ahead the next year, it demonstrated the existence of a loyal audience for its format. GLR's music format and several of its presenters returned to the BBC with the launch of the national digital station BBC Radio 6 Music in 2002. Facing even more public criticism over GLR's position in

8325-521: The continent, creating dozens of British colonies and protectorates in Asia. The administrators of the British Empire termed Asian labourers working for them coolies , of which lascars were considered the maritime equivalent. Lascars were sailors or seamen from many different ethnic backgrounds. The term was sometimes used to specifically refer to a sailor of any Asian ancestry, however there were also African lascars recorded in Britain. Of

8436-611: The country that usually share with the BBC regional TV news services, and their news gathering bureaux. The stations are operated by the region in which the station is based and are the responsibility of the BBC English Regions department, a division of BBC News . The remit for each Local Radio station is the same: to offer a primarily speech-based service; comprising news and information complemented by music. The target audience of BBC Local Radio are listeners aged over fifty, who are not served as well as other age groups on

8547-476: The day. Tony Blackburn from BBC Radio 1 moved up the schedule to host a morning show. Regular Soul Night Outs were held initially in Kilburn but later in other venues, such as Ilford . This was where Dave Pearce (who later went to BBC Radio 1) made his first regular appearances as a BBC DJ on a Monday night programme. Radio London closed on 7 October 1988. The final programme, just before its 18th birthday,

8658-459: The early 1970s. Since the 2010s, British Asians have achieved positions of high political office; Sadiq Khan (of Pakistani descent) became Mayor of London in 2016, Rishi Sunak (of Indian descent) became the first British Asian Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in October 2022 and Humza Yousaf (also of Pakistani descent) became First Minister of Scotland in March 2023. In Britain,

8769-463: The end of the 16th century. Between the 17th and mid-19th century, increasingly diverse lascar crews heading for Britain imported East Asians , such as Japanese and Chinese seamen, Southeast Asians , such as Malays , South Asians such as the Indians (including the people from Pakistan), Bengalis and Ceylonese and post- Suez Canal ; West Asians , such as Armenians and Yemenis , who settled throughout

8880-433: The first new radio station in London for 15 years. Heading the new station were Managing Editor Matthew Bannister and Programme Organiser Trevor Dann . Bannister came from Capital London , while Dann came from Radio 1, via BBC TV's Whistle Test , and developed an album-oriented music policy. GLR was aimed at people who hate pop but love music, hate prattle (excessive on-air talk) but want to know what's what where in

8991-472: The first time in ten years that "sung jingles" were used in the stations' on air branding. Dave and Sue are two fictional radio listeners created as marketing personas . Descriptions of the characters, created by the BBC, were given to all their local radio presenters as representative target listeners during the 2000s. They were later superseded by the "BBC Local Radio 2010" strategy. The characters were created as part of "Project Bullseye". Its stated aim

9102-619: The former Radio Times warehouse. Tests for FM stereo began in 1981 with Music on the Move , a programme featuring non-stop music, before its full launch on 11th February. The FM transmitter was shortly moved to Crystal Palace . This coincided with the planned relaunch in 1981, which saw the station take on a style that was softer than BBC Radio 2 – a station predominantly playing " easy listening " music. The music ranged from softer contemporary pop, such as The Carpenters , to light classical music. The relaunch led to improved audience figures and

9213-491: The former British Raj and Ceylon (the modern countries of India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka and the Maldives ). The British Sociological Association 's guidelines on equality and diversity suggest that "South Asian" is more precise than "Asian" and that the latter should not be used where there is a risk of it conflating South Asians with people from elsewhere in Asia. The Office for National Statistics uses

9324-803: The highest proportion was in Glasgow at 11.08%; in Wales, the highest concentration was in Cardiff at 9.66%; and in Northern Ireland, the highest concentration was in Belfast at 3.74%. Due to a growing sense of affiliation with Britain, many third generation South Asians chose to not mark "Asian or British Asian" and instead marked "British Asian" in the "Other Asian" write in section. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded 1,451,862 residents of Indian, 1,174,983 of Pakistani, 451,529 of Bangladeshi, 433,150 of Chinese, and 861,815 of "Other Asian" ethnicity, making

9435-700: The likes of the Trades Union Congress . He encouraged lascars and seamen to remain and settle in the United Kingdom. In the 1950s, he founded the Overseas Seamen's Welfare Association which campaigned distressed seamen and their families to be granted British passports . Ali also played an instrumental role in the opening of a passport office in his own home in Sylhet . Beginning around 1964 Africanization policies in East Africa prompted

9546-413: The new service. On 6 October 1970, Radio London was launched, three years before commercial radio for Greater London in the guise of LBC . An additional medium wave frequency was allocated on 1457 kHz (206 metres) from Brookmans Park . 95.3 soon changed to 94.9. BBC Radio London was the local station for the capital, although, in its early days, it relied heavily on news reports from other stations in

9657-542: The population subscribing to no religion, 19% Christians and 12% Buddhists. British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis tend to be religiously homogeneous, with Muslims accounting for 92% of each group while their counterparts of Indian and Sri Lankan origin are more religiously diverse, with 55% Hindus, 29% Sikhs, and 15% Muslims. British Gujaratis are predominantly Hindu, belonging to various caste organizations, with large minorities of Muslims , Jains , and smaller numbers of Christians and Zoroastrians . Notable religious buildings are

9768-438: The reign of King George III . He wrote of his experiences and travels in his Persian book, Shigurf-nama-i-Wilayat ('Wonderous Chronicle of Europe'). This is also the earliest record of literature by a British Asian. Also during the reign of George III, the hookah-bardar (hookah servant/preparer) of James Achilles Kirkpatrick was said to have robbed and cheated Kirkpatrick, making his way to England and stylising himself as

9879-409: The specialist shows would remain, albeit refreshed. The re-launch at the time was promoted by huge billboards and television spots on BBC Newsroom South East depicting London's famous landmarks as radio paraphernalia (a woman seen raising Big Ben as a radio aerial, for example). It cost the BBC in excess of £20 million, an amount seen by critics as an "obscene amount of money" and added to calls for

9990-440: The station from 1994 to 1998 after leaving BBC Radio 1 . Early afternoon programming previewed London's entertainment scene, interviewing comedians and other performers. Richard Cook had a Saturday night jazz show. Specialist speech programmes in the evening were aimed at London's communities: Asian , Afro-Caribbean , Jewish , Gay , and Irish . Black London was replaced with Margaret Jones (aka The Ranking Miss P ). Later,

10101-540: The subsequent growth in the South Asian community has come from the births of second and third-generation South Asian Britons. After Brexit , EU nationals working in the health and social care sector were replaced by migrants from non-EU countries such as India. About 250,000 people came from India, 90,000 from China and 83,000 from Pakistan in 2023. In 2021, the government launched a scheme for Hongkongers , with more than 200,000 Hong Kong residents immigrating to

10212-399: The success of this, the original stations were seen as flawed, as they originally only broadcast on the FM waveband , and not on the more widely available AM waveband . This was eventually rectified a few years after the creation of these new channels. Independent Local Radio (ILR) launched nationally in 1973, with nineteen stations; more followed in subsequent years. As a result, many of

10323-408: The term "Asian / Asian British" to categorise British Indians , British Pakistanis , British Bangladeshis , British Chinese people and people of any other Asian ancestry. Definitions and naming conventions for the category have evolved in the history of UK censuses. The 1991 United Kingdom census was the first to include a question on ethnicity (apart from in Northern Ireland, where the question

10434-628: The term as an example of a hyphenated or dual identity within Europe . Use of "Asian Briton" has appeared as both an illustrative term in media and for purposes of self-identity. For example, in 2005, politician Shailesh Vara was described as an Ugandan Asian Briton. Television presenter Sonia Deol and journalist Yasmin Alibhai-Brown have identified themselves as Asian Britons. In 1999, Alibhai-Brown published an Institute for Public Policy Research report, advising various departments of

10545-487: The term of "British Asian" as essentialising and hierarchising the values, or order of priority, of "British" and "Asian". The portmanteau Brasian has also been proposed as an alternative form of the term. In the course of the 2010s, usage of British Asian broadened in British media usage and in self-identification by British citizens or residents, to increasingly also include British people of heritage other than South Asia , such as East Asia and West Asia . In

10656-484: The terms used to describe residents and citizens of the United Kingdom with ancestry from Asia are, in alphabetical order, as follows: The term Asian Briton has been consistently used to refer to someone who is a British citizen or resident with ancestry from across the continent of Asia . In 2005, social science researcher Praful Bidwai used Asian Briton as an example of a "mixed" identity. In 2011, multiple scholars, such as Timothy Garton Ash and Sonja Licht , used

10767-421: The word "Asian" most frequently refers to people with ancestry from the Indian subcontinent ( Pakistanis , Indians , Bangladeshis , Sri Lankans ) This usage contrasts to that in the United States , where it is used primarily to refer to people of East and South-East Asian origin. In British English usage, the term Asian usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to South Asia , in particular

10878-405: The world . The station was aimed at 25 to 45-year-olds. Early promotions used the phrase "rock 'n' rolling news". Much of the daytime speech output covered London events and nightlife, with comedians and other artists being interviewed. The music mix was best described as Adult album alternative , though indie bands were also played. Chris Evans took on a variety of roles on GLR, often presenting

10989-459: The world as "a dangerous and depressing place". They hope that radio will be "something that will cheer them up and make them laugh". BBC Local Radio staff were given facts and timelines about Dave and Sue, described as "composite listeners". Staff were asked to focus on producing something to which the pair would enjoy listening to. The BBC also produced photographs of the couple, to encourage presenters to visualise their potential listeners. At

11100-504: Was BBC LDN . New recruits to BBC London 94.9 included Jon Gaunt from BBC Three Counties Radio , former GLR presenter Danny Baker , and Sean Rowley (hosting the Guilty Pleasures show). Danny Baker hosted a breakfast show, which was co-hosted with American comedian Amy Lamé . Jon Gaunt then hosted the mid-morning phone-in show. Robert Elms was kept at lunchtime. Vanessa Feltz took over Lisa I'Anson 's afternoon slot with

11211-427: Was "To develop great radio programming ... we need to know where the centre of our audience target is and be able to focus on it in all we do." Dave and Sue are both 55. Sue is a school secretary , while Dave is a self-employed plumber . They are both divorcees with grown-up children. The characters shop at Asda , and wear casual clothes. The couple have little interest in high culture , or politics , and see

11322-555: Was allocated funds from the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham and the British parliament. GLR had the ability to directly access Scotland Yard's network of traffic cameras across London's busiest streets. This enabled its reporters, most commonly "Bob at the Yard", to give accurate traffic and travel news to its listeners. The reports were known as 20/20 Travel , named because its travel reports were read out every 20 minutes during peak times. No other radio station had this access for

11433-461: Was as before, playing classic soul music and chat. Although having joined at the end of the station's time as GLR, Norman Jay 's Giant 45 show attracted a large and loyal following until Jay's eventual departure in February 2008 having been moved to a "digital only slot". This was by no means the first change to specialist music programming by Robey to have attracted a negative reaction. In 2003,

11544-479: Was changed to Black London shortly before Radio London closed. It was revived for a short time in 2003, with Pascall returning as a presenter. The forerunner to the BBC Asian Network was an Asian programme, London Sounds Eastern , presented by Vernon Corea who was appointed the BBC's Ethnic Minorities Adviser in the 1970s. A programming relaunch in 1984 saw Radio London adopt the tagline "The Heart and Soul of London" , with more soul music being played during

11655-452: Was delayed for a year and took place in 2022, the equivalent figure was 212,022, representing 3.9% of the population. The ten local authorities with the largest proportion of people who identified as Asian were: Redbridge (47.33%), Slough (46.75%), Harrow (45.23%), Tower Hamlets (44.43%), Leicester (43.40%), Newham (42.21%), Luton (36.99%), Hounslow (36.73%), Blackburn with Darwen (35.66%) and Hillingdon (33.32%). In Scotland,

11766-571: Was dropped by the early 1970s, and stations spread across the country; many city-based stations later expanded their remit to cover an entire county. There were eight stations in the initial "experiment", which lasted for two years. When this ended, it was deemed so successful that all of the stations, except BBC Radio Durham, remained on air. More followed in 1970 and 1971: BBC Radio Birmingham , Bristol , Blackburn , Derby , Humberside , London , Manchester , Medway , Newcastle (replacing Radio Durham), Oxford , Solent , and Teesside . Despite

11877-549: Was first presented by Owen Spencer-Thomas in 1977. Listeners were invited to choose a Christmas carol or hymn while a Salvation Army brass band stood by in the studio to play their request live. It later moved to BBC Radio 2 and was presented by Gloria Hunniford . As soon as Independent Local Radio stations LBC and Capital London went on air, public attention to Radio London declined. Radio London started regular broadcasts from Harewood House, 13 Hanover Square , near Oxford Circus , later moving to 35 Marylebone High Street –

11988-429: Was lifted after the BBC deemed it sufficiently patronised to remain on-air; however, criticism of the station grew from its Radio London days, causing David Mellor , then Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport to remark: "The BBC must think hard whether it is occupying radio frequencies without making much use of them." This claim was rejected by senior management. In 1991, Matthew Bannister left to spearhead

12099-488: Was not asked until 2001). The question had tick-boxes for "Indian", "Pakistani" and "Bangladeshi". There was also a tick box, as well as a general "Any other ethnic group (please describe)" option for those not wishing to identify with any of the pre-set tick boxes. For the 2001 census , in England and Wales, "Indian", "Pakistani" and "Bangladeshi" and "Any other Asian background (please write in)" options were grouped under an "Asian or Asian British" heading, with appearing under

12210-408: Was presented by Mike Sparrow and Susie Barnes. Immediately after closedown at 7 pm, test transmissions began in preparation for the launch of its replacement, Greater London Radio (GLR). Test transmissions for the new Greater London Radio GLR began as soon as Radio London closed. Its pre-launch announcements stated in no uncertain terms that GLR was to be radically different in style. GLR was to be

12321-458: Was that these pirate radio stations were, in some cases, local. As a result, BBC Local Radio began as an experiment. Initially, stations had to be co-funded by the BBC and local authorities , which only some Labour -controlled areas proved willing to do. Radio Leicester was the first to launch on 8 November 1967, followed by Leeds , Stoke , Durham , Sheffield , Merseyside , Brighton , and Nottingham . The local authority funding requirement

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