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26-578: One of the symbols of Boticas is the Galaico Warrior , an anthropomorphic carved monolith (found in the 17th century) in the castro of Lesenho, at an altitude of 1075 metres, under fields of the parish of São Salvador de Viveiro and municipality of Boticas, considered the most important Gallaecian castro in Portugal. The Galaico (or "Castrejo" ) Warrior is an important example of Portuguese archaeology and represents, according to several experts,

52-456: A compact mass of highlands, accented topography, peaks and sierras separated by large depressions. There are primarily two agricultural zones: the lowlands, formed by the interior watershed of the Terva and Beça Rivers (site of vineyards, orchards and cereal fields); and the highlands, (constituted by pasturelands used for cultivation of olive trees, vineyards, potato and rye fields). The climate

78-553: A cool Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb ). There is a short dry season in summer, but overall plenty of precipitation annually. The average annual temperature is around 10 °C (50 °F) and the average annual rainfall is around 1,400 mm (55 in). The driest month is July, with 23 mm (0.91 in). Most precipitation falls in December, with an average of 252 mm (9.9 in). Summers are pleasant and dry, and winters are chilly and snowy. Administratively,

104-488: A revitalization in the municipality, after the Carnation Revolution , which saw a growth in tertiary activities. Montalegre is one of the two municipalities that compose the region of Barroso . The Peneda-Gerês National Park comprises 26,26% of its area (211,74 km² out of a total 806,19 km² belonging to that park). At an elevation of 1,000 m (3,281 ft) above sea level, Montalegre has

130-452: Is cold, but dry, conditioned by numerous factors, such as the latitude, altitude, its proximity to the ocean and the predominant vegetation. Its winters are characterized by long cold periods, interspersed by snowfalls and ice-storms, with several weeks of below zero temperatures. The spring, by rule, is very cool, and susceptible to cold-streaks until May, when the vegetation blooms. Summer temperatures are over 35/40 °C. Administratively,

156-512: Is still used today to refer to the geographical region and distinctive culture of Boticas together with the neighbouring municipality of Montalegre . The first use of the name Barroso came from lineage of the Guedeões (taken from a tower in the locality of Sipiões), whose progeny would adopt and permeate the lands of Botica. King Afonso II tried to unite the lands of the Barrosos in 1273, but

182-652: The Bastos , descendants of his second son, Gomes Viegas de Basto; and the Barroso , descendants of Gonçalo Viegas Barroso and Maria Fernandes de Lima. The Barrosos, were the predominant line, fixing themselves in Braga and Barcelos, becoming signeurs and administrators of the lands of the Trás-os-Montes. Afonso IV continued the process of uniting and defending the territory in 1331, constructing castles and walls around

208-706: The Portuguese Interregnum , during the reign of John I , the Terras de Barroso were offered as a gift to Nuno Álvares Pereira for his support. In 1809, French troops had problems in the region, during the Peninsular Wars , fighting off the Barrosões , in Misarela. On 6 November 1836, the municipality of Montalegre was divided, in order to create the municipality of Boticas . In course,

234-611: The Barroso family. Boticas, already a central place, was, since the municipality was created, the municipal seat. The municipality of Boticas is situated in the northwest part of the Alto Trás-os-Montes in the district of Vila Real , surrounded by five other municipalities: to the north, the municipalities of Montalegre and Chaves, to the south by the Ribeira de Pena; to the east by Chaves and Vila Pouca de Aguiar; and to

260-670: The Moors settled in this region, although oral tradition inferred as much. With the establishment of the Christian kingdom of Portugal, Afonso Henriques donated portions of the land for charitable hospices (Salto), hospitals (Vilar de Perdizes and Dornelas) or monasteries (Pitões). Owing to its location, on the border with Galiza , defense fortifications were constructed, including the Castles of Gerês and Piconha, and later in Portelo and

286-586: The border with Spain. The population in 2011 was 10,537, in an area of 805.46 km². Early construction in Montalegre date back 3500–4000 years when early inhabitants, around the villages of Mourela, Veiga and Vila da Ponte, buried their dead in funeral mounds. Vestiges of this culture predominate the region, and suggest that settlements have been ongoing since the Metal Ages. Celt colonies began to appear afterward, constructing castros in many of

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312-412: The bottles. Initially fearing that the wine had spoiled, the locals found the low temperatures and darkness seemed to concentrate the flavors and improve the taste. The practice of burying them for about two years it still routine and the wine is sold under the title of Vinho Regional Transmontano with the label of Armindo Sousa Pereira. The municipality is marked by the local gastronomy, which includes

338-469: The castle of Montalegre. King Ferdinand donated the lands to Rui Vasques Pereira in 1367, and later to Vasco Gonçalves Barroso. The lands of Boticas changed hands frequently thereafter, until John I finally donated the lands to his friend Nuno Alvares Pereira : the territory would remain in the hands of the Duke of Braganza and their descendants. With a resident population of over 6000 inhabitants in 2001,

364-406: The extinction of the municipality of Dornelas and the ancient lands of the Barroso nobility. Other toponymic locations (such as the settlements of Alturas do Barroso and Covas do Barroso), administrative divisions and territory, which also extended to the municipality of Montalegre and the extinct municipality of Ruivães (now part of the municipality of Vieira do Minho), also corresponded to lands of

390-461: The image of a deity and warrior of the "castreja" civilisation that lived in this area of Portugal. There were several castros (27) dating back to this early civilization, in addition to various Roman monuments. Boticas has its origins in the Roman civitas Batocas , that was centre of mining, and its Termas de Carvalhelhos , thermal springs with (supposedly) rejuvenating miracle waters. Coins from

416-533: The lands of Boticas during the Middle Ages (many of the local toponymic names reflect this period, such as Côto dos Mouros, Penedo dos Mouros, Estrada dos Mouros, Cova da Moura, Moura Encantada and Mouril). The municipality of Boticas was historically part of the Terras de Barroso an administrative division that existed from the 13th the 19th century; many people in the area have the surname Barroso and this term

442-549: The local presunto , stuffed trout, smoked-meats and Barrosan veal. Gallaecian warrior statues The Gallaecian warrior statues are a series of sculptures produced in northwest Iberia (today Galicia and northern Portugal ) in the immediate pre-Roman period. Usually associated with the Gallaecian tribal complex they are also sometimes described as statues of Lusitanian, Luso-Gallaecian or Castrejo Culture origin. Showing armed men slightly larger than natural size,

468-455: The municipality is divided into 10 civil parishes ( freguesias ): Boticas is known for vinho dos mortos (English: wine of the dead ). During the invasion of the French army between 1807 and 1809 the inhabitants buried their locally produced wine in the sandy soil rather than let it fall into the hands of the enemy. After Napoleon's army, led by General Andoche Junot , was gone, they dug up

494-473: The municipality was only recently established. It was a creation during the Liberalist regimes of the 19th century, along with the great administrative reforms that developed after the second Liberal Revolution (1832). The municipality of Boticas was legally and definitely established by a 6 November 1836 decree, with parishes de-annexed from the neighbouring municipalities of Chaves and Montalegre, along with

520-404: The parishes of Vilar de Vacas was lost to the neighbouring municipality of Vieira do Minho , and later the parish of Couto Misto de Santiago de Rubiás, was also de-annexed. Contemporary history of the municipality has been marked by growing emigration, the result of the lack of economic recourse and the abandonment of traditional activities. The institutionalization of local government permitted

546-618: The period of Byzantine Emperor Constantine X Doukas were also found in Covas de Barroso in 1880, in addition to vestiges in Poços das Freitas or the mines of Carvalhelhos, where Romans were known to have mined gold and silver. No later than 314, Boticas (or Betecas ) also became a diocese, as the episcopal term of its only recorded bishop, Sabino (death unknown), starts then. It was presumably suppressed around 400, without direct successor see. Waves of barbarian tribes and Moorish invaders crossed

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572-580: The places that developed into formal settlements. With the arrival of the Romans, bridges and formal roads began to appear, while many of the castros began to be converted into Roman encampments, later the nuclei of formalized settlements. Remains of the Roman civitas are still common: Praesidium (in Vila da Ponte, popularly known as Sabaraz ) and Caladunum (in Cervos). There were no overt indications that

598-479: The statues are believed to represent deified local heroes and to date principally from between the 2nd Century BCE to the 1st Century CE. This article about a sculpture in Spain is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Montalegre Montalegre ( Portuguese pronunciation: [mõtɐˈlɛɣɾɨ] ) is a municipality in northern Portugal , located in the district of Vila Real , along

624-623: The village of Montalegre. A lighthouse was also constructed in Tourém, likely by King Sancho in 1187, since he was the master of the Terras da Piconha region. It was only in September 1273 that King Afonso III bestowed on the citizens a foral (charter), founding the town of Montalegre and making the local sheriff the master of the Terras de Barroso . The foral was later confirmed by King Denis in 1289, and renewed by Afonso IV (in 1340), John II (in 1491), and Manuel (in 1515). After

650-626: The west by the municipalities of Montalegre and Cabeceiras de Basto. Its area extends from the Tâmega River until the Serra das Alturas and Serras de Melcas, in addition to the Serra dos Marcos until the Serras do Leiranco and Serra de Pastoria. It is part of the group of municipalities referred to as the Alto Tâmega, integrated into the legendary "Region of the Barroso" , that is constituted by

676-510: Was unable. It was Egas Gomes Barroso, son of Gomes Mendes Guedeão and his wife Chamôa Mendes de Sousa, both members of the nobility of Count Peter (son of King Denis of Portugal ), who were grandchildren of Gueda "The Older". Egas, a rich man during the reigns of Kings Sancho II and Afonso III , went in 1247 (in the reign of the latter) to Seville to support King Ferdinand III "The Saint" in Castile. Egas' sons formed two distinct lineages:

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